Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2014 (vol. 14), issue 4
Micro CT Analysis of Geopolymer Composites
Totka Bakalova, Marcela Kolínová, Petr Louda
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):505-510 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/505 
There are many situations when you need information about the internal structure of the materials. Computed Tomography (CT) is a non-destructive method of evaluating the internal structure, which was originally used for medical examination of the human body. Today it is already used in many different fields, where the aim is the examination of the internal structure of the material. Geopolymer is a term for all inorganic polymeric materials which are prepared from alumino-silicate materials by geopolymerization in alkaline environment at normal temperature and pressure. Computed tomography (CT) is an advanced method that allows the study of the structure...
Influence of Preheating and Heat Treatment after Welding According to the EN 13445 and ASME Code on the Hardness Level of Welded Joints for the Pressure Vessel Plates
Libor Beneš, Tomas Kolegar, Martin Tojmar, Petr Majrich
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):511-516 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/511
The paper deals with an analysis of preheating and heat treatment after welding and their influence on the final hardness level in case of welded jonits for common materials applied for manufacture of pressure vessel plates. During the welding process, the higher values of hardness and simultaneously decreasing of plasticity was observed and measured in the heat affected zone. Therefore, there was necessary to preheat the base material, or to apply the heat treatment after welding, or to suggest any combination of both mentioned ways. First of all, the groups of tested plates with required parameters were chosen for the application of the submerged...
CNC Milling and Manufacturing of Groove Shapes for Light Reflection Measurement
Ondrej Bilek, Martin Vasina
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):516-522 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/516
Light reflection of materials depends on many factors, mainly on their colour and type, angle of light incidence and surface structure. This paper is focused on evaluation of the surface shape influence of expanded polyvinylchloride on light reflection. For this reason polyvinylchloride samples with different shapes, depths, widths and numbers of surface grooves were produced on CNC milling machine. The light reflection of the investigated material samples was experimentally measured by means of illuminance ratio. The samples were subsequently compared in terms of their ability to reflect light. A part of the work deals with mathematical simulation...
Working Variables Optimization of Resistance Spot Welding
Milan Brožek
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):522-527 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/522
Resistance welding ranks among progressive and in practice often used manufacturing techniques of rigid joints. It is applied in single-part production, short-run production as well as in mass production. The basis of this method is in the utilization of the Joulean heat, which arises at the passage of current through connected sheets at collective influence of compressive force. The aim of the carried out tests was the optimization of the resistance spot welding working variables, concretely the determination of the dependence between the rupture force of spot welds made using sheets of different thickness and different welding conditions. For carrying...
Study of Surface Quality after Turning of Steel AISI 304
Ján Duplák, Jozef Zajac, Michal Hatala, Dušan Mitaľ, Miroslav Kormoš
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):527-532 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/527
Accurate and effectively machining of steel class AISI is in the fact of its chemical composition and mechanical properties often a significant problem. Effort to preserve the economical efficiency of whole production process is necessary to have behavior of the cutting tools in the process of machining these steels. Food industries all over the world use this type of steel as a basic construction material of machines and equipments designed for this type of industry. Ability to consistently know these steels is the way how to effectively machining. Small and medium manufacturing enterprises not have the means to experiment with this material and wasted,...
Ecological Production of Cores - Example from Automotive Branch
Marko Grzinčič, Petr Hlavsa
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):532-539 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/532
The paper informs readers about the latest trends in ecological production of cores for the most demanding castings made of aluminum alloys on example of cylinder heads for combustion engines of the passenger cars. Although the cores bonded with silicates are known since the 60th years of the 20th century, only in recent years the technical progress has undergone such level that the leading producers of cylinder heads are able to deploy the system in serial production. Nemak started solving inorganic systems 12 years ago and today it delivers selected products to its customers and during their production there are cores being used which are joined...
Usage of Track Link Dynamic Motion Simulation
Chalupa Milan, Veverka Josef, Vlach Radek
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):540-544 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/540
The article describes mathematical model and possible usage of results of dynamic loading simulation of the chassis of track vehicle. The computational model is designed for computational simulating system MSC.ADAMS.AVT. Possibilities of research results usage are described in the article mainly. Results of simulation calculations were used for make-up of constructional parameters parts file of vehicle chassis and findings of influence their changes on changes of directional vehicle stability by running at first. Make - up of approximate relations for transaction of fast orientation calculations is second described possibility of results simulation...
Improvements of the Dressing Process of Super Abrasive Diamond Grinding Wheels
Janos Kundrák, Vladimir Fedorovich, Angelos P. Markopoulos, Ivan Pyzhov, Natalya Kryukova
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):545-554 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/545
Grinding is the most common finishing process for components that require high accuracy and surface quality. Process performance depends on many factors related to process conditions, workpiece material, grinding fluid but grinding wheel is of special interest. Grinding wheel performance plays a major role on workpiece quality and process efficiency; preparation of the grinding tools and the creation of specific topography of the wheel surface is in direct relation to grinding wheel performance. Questions connected to the possibility to increase production efficiency of diamond dressers owing to technological changes of their production and simplification...
Tests of Drills during Drilling Holes into Alloy Wheels
Ladislav Kyncl, Marek Sadílek, Robert Čep, Jana Petrů, Dana Stancekova, Josef Procházka, Pavel Nováček
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):554-561 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/554
This article is interested about drilling the holes to the alloy wheels. Tested were drills to drilling holes for screws and service holes. For screw holes was tested the three-stage drill with inserts from polycrystalline diamond. Drilled are two different diameters and the transition spherical or conical surface. The service holes were drilled with cemented carbide drill availible from Mapal labeled Mega-drill-Alu-180. During test, was modified the geometry of the drill and we watched what will be the effect of applied modification. Tested was seven variants of regrinding the drill. We evaluate the surface roughness, but also if the drill has the...
The Issue of Calculating Elliptic Trajectories
Alexander Lozhkin, Ivan Abramov, Pavol Bozek, Yuri Nikitin
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):561-566 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/561
The design of elliptic trajectories of kinematic mechanisms by classical method is a challenge. New method is proposed. Theoretical tests were conducted on a method. It can not be used for scaling and rotation. Some limitations are revealed as well. Geometric modeling showed the method can be applied to arbitrary curves. It should be noted that the theoretical and modeling researches of arbitary curves is not full. Simple robot was designed for processing ellipses. The design of the stand was assembled from aluminum profiles, linear modules and fasteners RK Rose + Krieger. Experiments have shown a difference between the theoretical and actual trajectory...
A Method of Carbon Footprint Calculation for the Product Life Cycle
Qinyi Ma, Qingchao Sun, Yanqiu Liu, Yajun Wang, Maojun Zhou
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):566-572 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/566
This paper proposes a concept model for product life cycle to present the characteristics of material flow, energy flow and waste flow in a manufacture system. Furthermore, two energy consumption calculation methods are provided according to the different components of the manufacture system, one is e-p method based on the processes of the system, and the other is e-f/s method based on the functions and statuses of the system. Then a carbon footprint calculation method is proposed on the basis of the characteristics of material flow, energy flow and waste flow in a manufacture system, and the energy consumption calculation above. Input-output analysis...
Identification of Internal Residual Stress of Steel after Milling by Ultrasound
Dusan Mital, Jozef Zajac, Michal Hatala, Peter Michalik, Jan Duplak
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):573-578 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/573
Article is focused on detection internal residual stress caused by machining with variant spindle speed of milling tool and also in the article is represented new method of residual stress measuring using by ultrasound with verification method using RTG diffraction. Effect of residual stress have in industry important place because large number of structures requires a clearly described process of the occurrence and intensity of internal residual stresses, which directly affect the quality and equipment life. Nowadays are mostly used destructive methods, which can occur changes in functionality of the products or non destructive methods are used, which...
Optimization of Surface Treatment of Carbon Steel in Area of Adhesive Bonding Technology with Application of Quik-Setting Adhesives
Miroslav Müller, Petr Valášek
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):579-584 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/579
A production stroke has to be taken into regard also at using bonding methods. A limit in an area of the adhesive bonding technology is long hardening time which is needed for reaching a handling strength. Second solution is using quick hardened adhesives (cyanoacrylates). Second limit is a necessity to treat the adhesive bonded surface which is regarded in production companies as another cost and a problem in an area of a waste economy. The paper deals with the necessity to mechanically treat the adhesive bonded surface, that means an influence of links in the boundary of the adhesive bonded material and the adhesive. The aim of the research is to...
Application of Cooling by Liquid CO2 for the Die Casting Moulds Cores
Iva Novakova, Martin Seidl, Pavel Brdlik, Iva Nova, Jaromir Moravec
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):585-590 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/585
Quality of high-pressure castings is influenced by many factors. Structure and mechanical properties of these castings are mostly influenced by properties of casted material, technological parameters and thermal conditions in die casting mould. Thermal conditions in system casting - die casting mould is ensured by tempering system. However there is problem with thin cores and thin protrusions of die casting mould which is not possible to keep on the optimal temperature during casting by commonly available methods. Thus there is overheating in these places. It leads to the porosity of casting and also to the unsufficinet treatment of critical places...
The Effect of Thermal Shocks on Wear of Exchangeable Sintered Carbide Inserts during the Cutting Process
Jana Petru, Tomas Zlamal, Ivan Mrkvica, Robert Cep
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):590-596 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/590
The article deals with testing of exchangeable cutting inserts from sintered carbide and determining of suitable chemical composition for their production. The experimental part was based on evaluation of cutting edge insert resistance against heat waves and thermal shocks during the milling process of commonly used stainless steel 1.4301 (X5CrNi18-10). It was determined amount, types and measured lengths each cracks occurred because of heat waves during the milling process for evaluation of proper chemical composition, grain size and content of cobalt for their production.
3D Measurement of Surface Texture Parameters
Jan Podaný, Alexey Molotovnik
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):596-600 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/596
The article focuses on the issue of 3D measuring surface parameters using optical measuring devices, designing a statistical experiment and following evaluation. The development non-contact surface texture measurement methods lead to new possibilities for describing the surface of machine parts. But cannot be to rely only on the obtained the measured parameters values, and it is true that it is necessary to prepare the measurement. The processes of measurement enter many influences. Some of these effects can manage it, and then we call those factors. At the output of the receive process feedback. Method DOE (Design of Experiments) is used to locate...
Dynamics Analysis and Simulation of Roll Grinder Components
Yuan Qingni, Lu Jian, Pan Weiji, Yuan Qingyun
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):600-607 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/600
This essay aims to identify the composite motion and the cutting force between the grinding wheel and roller of the roll grinder. Based on the analysis of roll grinding mechanism, this essay further uses Newton's law which describes linear motion and Euler equation which describes rotation to build rolling components' Newton-Euler dynamics equation. Then the essay simplifies rolling components' virtual prototype, and uses the dynamic analysis function of ADAMS to do dynamics simulation analysis of rolling components. Finally, based on the formula to calculate grinding force, this essay testifies that calculated results are consistent with simulation...
Design of Material Composition and Technology Verification for Composite Front End Cabs
Sona Rusnakova, Ladislav Fojtl, Milan Zaludek, Vladimir Rusnak
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):607-611 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/607
Presented research paper is focused on the development of train front end cab, specifically on choice of material composition and production technology. Experimental part deals with a selection of the most appropriate multiaxial fabric based on its saturation by resin and type of polyester resin most suitable for low-pressure vacuum infusion. This technology is chosen with respect to dimensions of the part, resin savings (compared to hand lay-up technology) and also production cost of the cab. Prepared samples are evaluated regarding to the progress of production technology, part face quality (voids, dry spots, and delamination) and technological properties....
Introduction to Processing of CT Clinical Metadata of Disabled Part of Patient Knee Joint
Josef Sedlak, Josef Chladil, Martin Slany, Karel Kouril
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):611-618 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/611
This article focuses on an analysis and a transfer process of CT clinical metadata of a real patient gained within a cooperation, research and development of an individual knee joint implant at Clinique of Display Methods in Saint Anna's Teaching hospital in Brno. The first part of the article is aimed at the application of a software 3D-DOCTOR that enables gaining of demanded output data (e.g. a model of patient bone part, i.e. knee joints) from scanned input CT metadata in DICOM format (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine). The output data are gained in format *.stl (Stereo Lithography) to further possible usage (e.g. a design and a production...
Sprinkback Research of V-type Sheet Metal forming based on the Adjustable Drawbead and Variable Blank-holder Force Cooperative Control Technology
Chunjian Su, Xuetao Wang
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):618-625 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/618
Springback of v-type sheet metal must be controlled during the high precision forming process. While, variable blank-holder force technology is an effective measure to control sheet metal springback, but it only overall control the stampings. The project was put forward through the v-type sheet's variable blank-holder force and adjustable drawbead to control springback, which is place electric adjustable step drawbead around the blank-holder. Changing the blank-holder force, meanwhile, adjusting the height of the drawbead according to the needs of the stamping real time, so as to control the quality of sheet forming. To get the optimal combination...
Study on Springback Rule of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Axisymmetric Part's Warm Single Point Incremental Forming without Mould
Chunjian Su, Tiantian Li
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):626-632 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/626
It is necessary to study and master the springback rule of single point incremental forming of magnesium alloy on different process parameters, which has important theoretical and practical application value to complement and perfect the springback control technology of single point incremental forming of magnesium alloy. Taken the variable angle truncated cone as the research object, used the ANSYS/LS-DYNA as research tool, viewed the springback amount as research criteria, the influence of different process parameters to the springback of single point incremental forming is studied in this paper, which includes forming temperature, friction conditions...
Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins Filled with Waste Rubber Powder
Petr Valášek
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):632-637 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/632
A material usage of waste rubber powder in the polymeric composites increases their significance. Material recycling is very important ways of dealing with waste. The paper deals with laboratory tests of polymeric particle composites based on the waste - rubber powder which was gained as one of outputs of a recycling line. The paper describes mechanical properties of these composite systems such as: hardness (Shore D, Brinell), tensile strength (cohesive strength of filled epoxy resins) and it is also focused on the lap-shear tensile strength in the boundary adherend. Adding waste rubber powder into the epoxy resins and into other plastics materials...
Study on Q245 Steel fatigue crack growth behaviors at high temperature
Haibo Wang, Dongpo Wang, Fangjie Cheng, Caiyan Deng, Yunlong Wu
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):637-643 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/637
Q245 steel was once widely used in the pressure vessel industry.At present, the high temperature fatigue performance of Q245 steel was tested and analyzed. According to the relevant standards, the pre-crack specimens were tested at 25℃and400℃respectively. The a-N curves, the da / dN K curves and the Paris formula of Q245 steelat both room temperature(25℃) and high temperature(400℃) were obtained. Finally,the high temperature fatigue fracture analysis was done.The fatigue crack growth occurredalong the grain at high temperature. A large number of acicular oxideappearin the fracture surface and the fatigue...
Dynamic Analysis for High-speed Cutters of Five-axis CNC Milling Machine
Jianmin Xu, Lizhi Gu, Shanming Luo
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):643-650 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/643
Cutter vibration characteristics of five-axis milling machine in high-speed milling process were studied. Finite Element Modal Analysis for high-speed cutters with different parameters is conducted using finite element software.The impact of tooth number, extended length, diameter and material of milling cutter on the mode shapes and natural frequencies of milling cutter is researched in detail. Harmonic response curves of High-speed cutter under different frequency are calculated. Based on the response curve, the resonance frequency range of high-speed cutter is obtained in order to achieve high-precision milling and longer life of the tool. Analysis...
Design and Calculation of Multi-angel and Stepping Transmission of Sucker Rod Forging
Liu Yimin, Wang Jie
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):650-657 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/650
The paper puts forward structure design and parameter analysis of the multi-angle and stepping transmission device, and this paper focuses on design and analysis of the multi-angle steering parts in the device. According to mathematical calculation and simulation analysis, the parts size of steering component is simulated and designed by the double cam-linkage mechanism. Though the design of these critical components of the steering device, the rods can be rotated in the specified angle (45° and 90°) by their relative motion without any external force, and the steering device is simulated by SolidWorks Motion. The results show that the multi-angle...
Principles of Cutting Process Modelling and New Algorithm Proposal
Pavel Zeman, Jaroslav Kovalčík, Martin Vrabec
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):658-664 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/658
Nowadays the pressure to increase the efficiency of the machining processes is constantly growing. The efficiency of the machining process can be pursued from two basic perspectives - enhancing the cost-effectiveness of the process (decreasing production costs) or increasing production in time. Via these approaches alone, manufacturers of parts as well as suppliers of machine tools and cutting tools try to improve their position in a highly competitive market. One of the approaches to increase efficiency is the correct choice and subsequent optimal exploitation of the potential of cutting tools and machine tools as well as a reduction in the energy...
An Evaluation of Changeability of Parameters Describing Abbot Curve during a Wavelet Decomposition Process
Jozef Zajac, Włodzimierz Makieła, Krzysztof Stępień, Damian Gogolewski
Manufacturing Technology 2014, 14(4):665-671 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2014/a/1213-2489/MT/14/4/665
Results of signals analysis was done using wavelet transform, which have different curves of wavelets and depend on the basic wavelet, which were applied. Thus, it is sometimes not possible to conduct a wavelet transform of a given profile with the use of any basic wavelets and to obtain results that are similar to the measured signal. The aim of this was work was an optimization of a basic wavelet selection used for an analysis of surface roughness. In the work an analysis of Abbot-Firestone curve parameters was performed on subsequent decomposition levels and for various basic wavelets.