Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2023 (vol. 23), issue 3
Effect of Temperature and Deformation on the Stability of Retained Austenite in Closed-die Forgings from High-strength Martensitic Manganese-silicon Steels
Dagmar Bublíková, Hana Jirková, Adam Stehlík, ©těpán Jeníček
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):269-275 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.030 
In advanced steels, retained austenite is an important phase in the final microstructure, which provides a favourable combination of strength and ductility. Advanced methods capable of achieving this include the Q-P process (Quenching and Partitioning). By this means, strength of around 2000 MPa and elongation of 10-15 % can be obtained. The main factors that determine whether retained austenite remains stable in the mar-tensitic matrix include its morphology, particle size and distribution. A closed-die forging was made from an experimental steel containing 0.42 % C, 2.45 % Mn, 2.09 % Si, 1.34 % Cr and 0.56 % Ni and Q-P processed. Based on previous...
Overall Equipment Effectiveness-related Assembly Pattern Catalogue based on Machine Learning
Péter Dobra, János Jósvai
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):276-283 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.036
Nowadays, a lot of data is generated in production and also in the domain of assembly, from which different patterns can be extracted using machine learning methods with the support of data mining. With the help of the revealed patterns, the assembly operations and processes can be further opti-mized, thus the profit achieved can be increased. This article attempts to explore the patterns related to the most used Key Performance Indicator (KPI) in manufacturing, the Overall Equipment Effec-tiveness (OEE) metric. The patterns and relationships discovered will be sorted into Assembly Pattern Catalogue (APC). Firstly, a literature review demonstrates...
Cold Blow Forming of a Thin Sheet in AA8006 Aluminum Alloy
Gillo Giuliano, Gianluca Parodo, Wilma Polini, Luca Sorrentino
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):284-289 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.038
Thin sheets of aluminum alloys are widely used for the packaging of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and in the food industry; however they present critical issues during the forming process. The blow forming process, which is widely used in the glass and plastics industries and for the hot forming of metal sheets, allows solving the problems related to the lubrication and the small tolerance ranges of the tools required by the well-known deep drawing process to form a thin sheet. In this work, the blow forming process is proposed for the first time to cold form thin metal sheets. Its advantage is connected with the use of equipment with a simple...
A Design of Experiment Analysis Approach to Improve Part Quality in 3D Printing
Mostafa Abbas Jabbar
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):290-297 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.034
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the widely used technologies of additive manufacturing. The concern over the surface quality and dimensional accuracy is getting increased among the research community. The design of the experimental methodology is based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of fractional factorial design. This analysis was used to study the effect of layer thickness, extrusion temperature, speed of deposition, and fill density on dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of the model developed by FDM. Polylactic Acid (PLA) material has been selected in this work as it is inexpensive, easy to print, and biodegradable. The results...
The Biomechanics of Head Injuries during Tram-Pedestrian Accidents
Karel Jelen, Eva Tlapakova, Monika Sorfova, Ondrej Fanta, Petr Kubovy, Frantisek Lopot, Filip Hrusa, Lukas Fara, Roman Jezdik, Hynek Purs, Tommi Tikkanen, Martin Novak, Lubos Tomsovsky
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):298-306 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.031
The goal of the study was to analyze the kinematic and dynamic response of the human head during the primary impact of tram-pedestrian collisions. The anthropomorphic test device (dummy) was used for two collision scenarios: the frontal (dummy facing the approaching tram) and side impact (dummy standing with its shoulder towards the tram). The crash tests were conducted with four different types of tram, typical for Prague’s public transportation, and at four different impact speeds (5, 10, 15, and 20 km/h). The primary outcome variable was the resultant head acceleration. The risk and severity of possible head injuries were analyzed using the...
Volume Change Measurements Using 2D DIC System
Barbora Kotlánová, Jakub Javořík, Milan ®aludek, Raphael Olabanji Ogunleye
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):307-312 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.044
The presented study focuses on measuring volume changes in elastomeric materials using digital image correlation (DIC), specifically the 2D DIC universal system and the 2D DIC video-extensometer directly implemented to the universal testing machine. Optical measurement methods were applied in two-dimensional (2D) configurations during the mechanical testing of dumbbell-shaped test specimens under uniaxial tension. The measured data were used to determine the dependencies of the bulk modulus and Poisson's ratio on the strain. The dependencies obtained by both methods correspond to the model behavior of rubber-like materials. Compared to the 2D DIC implemented...
Possibilities of Using Impedance Spectroscopy for Indirect Measurements of Thin Layers of Al & Cr-Al Coatings on Ni-based Superalloy Inconel 713LC Applied by the "Out-of-pack" Diffusion Method
Michal Krbata, Peter Fabo, Marcel Kohutiar, Jana Escherova, Michal Kuba, Marta Kianicova, Maros Eckert
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):313-318 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.042
The presented work deals with the research of the super-alloy Inconel 713LC, on which an Al-based coating was applied using the "Out-of-pack" diffusion coating process, or CrAl. In this contribution, the results of measuring the thickness of thin coatings using a confocal laser microscope and the method of impedance spectroscopy are presented and discussed. This can demonstrate the possibility of being used also for researching the properties of thin layers using a VF probe, which, thanks to the use of ferrite, has a practically constant inductance in the entire frequency range, and the presence of a metal sample in the magnetic circuit of the probe...
Experimental Study on the Effect of Oxidation on the Compressibility of Iron Powder
Falah Mustafa Al- Saraireh
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):319-325 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.045
An experimental study was carried out on the effect of oxidation temperature and the oxide film composition on the compressibility of porous materials. samples were annealed at different temperatures; the size change in the samples after annealing was measured. The phase composition of the oxide layer was investigated. Magnetite was generated at between 350 and 450°C, and two-phase oxide was formed at 550°C, after oxidation, weight gain was determined. The presence of pore overgrowth, which reduces porosity, was confirmed by metallographic tests. The maximum porosity is found in the oxidized samples produced by pressing at room temperature. The process...
Effect of High Temperature Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of FeCoCrNiZr Alloy
Jiasheng Shen, Sheng Lei, Jigen Fang, Yafeng Liu, Zhengqiang Hu, Shaojie Cui, Hailang Zhang, Zhengwei Xue
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):326-332 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.041
FeCoCrNiZr high-entropy alloy was melted by vacuum arc melting. The alloys were vacuum annealed at 873, 1073, and 1273K, respectively. The microstructure, compressive mechanical properties, thermal stability, and hardness of as-cast and annealed FeCoCrNiZr alloys at different annealing temperatures were investigated by using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness tester and universal material testing machine. The results reveal that it has no noticeable change in the phase composition of the alloy after high temperature annealing. The as-cast FeCoCrNiZr alloy is composed of the body-centred cubic phase and Laves...
Finite Element Simulation of Cylinder Closure Spinning
Liyan Sui, Yilian Xie, Baoming Liu, Zhen Jia
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):333-340 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.040
As a gas storage container, gas cylinders have been widely used in industry, mining, military, medicine, diving, automobiles and other fields. The gas cylinder produced by spinning can fundamentally eliminate the defects related to the weld in the traditional production process. In order to explore the metal flow law of cylinder closure spinning, its finite element simulation is established and carried out by using ABAQUS/explicit software. The influence of the parameters such as angle radius R and screw wheel installation angle on the metal flow field and wall thickness distribution are studied and revealed.
The Effect of Mixing the Additive Material with the Substrate During the Renovation of the Foundry Mold by TIG Welding Hardfacing
Jozef Sutka, Radoslav Konar
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):341-347 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.033
The article is focused on the effect of mixing the additional material with the substrate (base materi-al) on the properties of the weld metal during arc welding with TIG technology. The research is aimed at the use of arc welding with TIG technology in the repair of foundry molds. These are repairs of permanent steel foundry molds. The parts of the mold in contact with the liquid metal are subject-ed to heat-chemical-mechanical stress. This load causes mold wear, which causes a decrease in sur-face quality and a change in the dimensional accuracy of the casting. The main cause of wear on the functional surfaces of the mold cavity is tribological processes....
Application of the Method of Planned Experiment for the Evaluation of the Surface Roughness Parameter Ra
Ąudmila Timárová, Alena Breznická, Beáta Kopiláková
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):348-353 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.043
The basic process of acquiring new knowledge is trial/experiment. We can define an experiment as a certain process that we prepare, organize and plan in order to know the object under investigation. Each experiment requires a multifaceted activity associated with professional knowledge, preparation of material security, espe-cially security with measuring devices and measurement methods for determining the correct (objective) measured values. Planning experiments and analyzing the obtained results are important stages in revealing the nature and course of the technological process. With the planned experiment, we try to create such con-ditions that...
Method for Controlling Production Cost of Nano Ti-based Materials based on DMAIC
Aobing Wang, Haiyan Zhang, Xin Li, Xin Zhang, Wenjing Wang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):354-365 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.039
In order to reduce the production cost of nano titanium based functional materials, a production cost control method of nano titanium based functional materials based on DMAIC is proposed in this paper. The DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) model was used to analyze the production of nanoTi-based functional materials and define the main factors affecting the production cost of nanoTi-based functional materials. The indicators for measuring the quali. The regression model was established to determine the main factors affecting the rod content and yield of nanoTi-based functional materials. The appropriate experiments were used to determine...
Gas Metal Arc Welding Input Parameters Impacts on Weld Quality Characteristics of Steel Materials a Comprehensive Exploration
Tesfaye Negash Wordofa, Perumalla Janaki Ramulu
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):366-379 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.046
To be competitive, present-day manufacturing industries strive to optimize manufacturing parameters and produce quality products consistently. From various manufacturing processes, welding is one of the key processes for joining a large variety of indispensable products including the production of automotive body in white structures, assembly of large metal civil structures, nuclear installations, pressure vessels, aircraft, and spacecraft materials, etc. In order to get the level of quality requirement of welded components, an optimized combination of welding parameters plays a vital role. However, the realizations of this optimum combination of welding...
Effect on Surface Properties of H13 Mold Steel Cladding Layer by Scanning Strategy
Changlong Zhao, Junbao Yang, Ming Li, Qinxiang Zhao, Hongnan Ma, Xiaoyu Jia, Haifeng Zhang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):380-390 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.035
Laser cladding technology is used to clad the surface layer of H13 mold steel with Ni60A metal powder coating to solve the failure problem. The study used JMatPro software to extract and fit the thermophysical property parameters of the substrate and the clad material, and then used ANSYS APDL software to qualitatively analyze the distribution of melt pool morphology, nodal temperature versus time course curve and residual stress magnitude during the laser cladding process. Based on the results of the minimum residual stress in the cladding, reasonable scan paths were derived for the preparation of metal coatings on the surface layer of the die steel....