Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2021 (vol. 21), issue 5
Effect of sulfur content in the crude oil to the corrosion behavior of internal surface of API 5L X65 petroleum pipeline steel
Mohd Asyadi Azam, Nur Ezyanie Safie, Hazwan Hasif Hamdan
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):561-574 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.066 
This work discussed the corrosion behavior of the internal surface of pipeline steel caused by the composition of petroleum products, particularly crude oil. Internal and external pipeline corrosion is the notable cause of pipeline failure in Malaysia’s oil and gas industry. However, internal corrosion is preferred to be concerned in this work because it involved one of the major corrosive media in the crude oil, such as sulfur content. This project aim is to find the sulfur concentration in the crude oil using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The corrosion rate, corrosion current and corrosion potential...
Model of geometric deviations in milling with three error sources
Andrea Corrado, Wilma Polini
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):575-584 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.078
The milling process is widely used industrially and the quality of the obtained milled products should be controlled because it affects their performance in exercise. This work correlates the quality of the machined surfaces with the adopted locating system, the shape deviations of the workpiece datum and the machine tool. An analytical model was set up and implemented through Matlab® to simulate the quality effects of a milling process. It was applied to two face milling processes characterized by two different locator configurations. It was proved that machine tool volumetric error influences the flatness of the milled surface, while the locator...
Influence of surface treatment on the strength of adhesive joints
Elżbieta Doluk, Anna Rudawska, Dana Stančeková, Jozef Mrázik
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):585-591 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.068
The article compared the strength results of single-lap adhesive joints made of galvanized steel sheet. The strength of adhesive joints was determined for two methods of surface treatment - using a degreaser (method B) and with-out a degreaser (method A). The samples were joined using a two-component epoxy adhesive based on Bisphenol A. The strength tests were carried out on a Zwick/Roell Z150 testing machine. The analysis of the surface roughness parameters of the samples for the method A was performed. The highest shear strength value (8.82 MPa) was ob-tained by method B and using P120 abrasive paper. The lowest shear strength value (4.08 MPa) was...
Increased Cutting Conditions when Machining Heat-resistant Steel Using Indexable Inserts
Pavel Dostal, Marek Sadilek, Lukas Kusnir, Karel Kouril, Robert Cep
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):592-599 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.079
The topic of the article is the increase of cutting conditions in the machining of heat-resistant steel using exchangeable inserts. The main part is the design of a new technology for machining one of the heat-resistant materials using replaceable inserts, including a discussion of any defects and economic evaluation. The aim is to reduce production costs and contribute to the elimination of production times. These modifications of technologies have a positive effect on the overall economy of produc-tion and the use of new methods in practice. Heat-resistant steels have found application in many branches of production, especially in the aerospace industry...
Characterization of VC Coatings on Cold Work Tool Steel Produced by TRD
M. A. Elhelaly, M. A. El-Zomor, A. O. Youssef, M. S. Attia
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):600-605 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.084
In This study vanadium carbide coatings obtained by thermo-reactive deposition/diffusion (TRD) technique on cold work tool steel AISI D3. The TRD treatment were carried out in a molten mixture consisting of NaCl, CaCl2, ferrovanadium and aluminum, by heating this mixture at 1000 °C for 4h using a resistance-heating furnace under air atmosphere. The coating process was investigated using light microscopy LM, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy SEM/EDS, and X-ray diffraction XRD characterization techniques. The results indicated that the vanadizing process produced a homogeneous coating layer about 13 µm depth and its microhardness...
Weibull’s analysis of the dependability of critical components of selected agricutural machinery
David Fabiánek, Václav Legát, Zdeněk Aleš
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):605-615 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.076
The aim of this paper is an analysis of the dependability of critical components of the John Deer 7530 tractor. For this analysis data was used from a database which contains maintenance data of 166 trac-tors during approx 9 years. The first part of this article is devoted to the selection of critical compo-nents based on number of failures of individual machine parts for a given period and their sales pric-es. The next part of article presents data for calculation dependability indicators which contains oper-ating times to failure and operating times without failure. Due to the large size of the data files of the individual components, the data are...
Prediction of Surface Roughness and Optimization of Process Parameters for Slow Tool Servo Turning
Hangyan Guo, Min Kang, Wei Zhou
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):616-626 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.080
Surface roughness is an important index to evaluate the quality of a machined surface. In order to accurately predict the surface roughness for slow tool servo (STS) turning, taking toric surface as an example, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to perform the process test. The second-order response surface prediction model was established and the variance analysis and reliability test were carried out. The results showed that the average prediction error was 7.6%. In order to obtain the best process parameters, standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used. The results showed that the global optimization ability of standard PSO was...
Bonding Strength Analysis of Multi-material and Multi-color Specimens Printed with Multi-extrusion Printer
Gani Issayev, Aidos Aitmaganbet (ORCID: 0000-0002-7439-305), Essam Shehab, Md. Hazrat Ali
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):627-633 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.072
This paper highlights the findings of multi-material application in 3D printed specimens. The work presents experimental results of multi-material, and multi-color-based 3D printed specimens by a multi-extrusion printer developed at the laboratory. It aimed to determine the bonding properties between the layers of various materials indicated with different colors. The samples were printed across multiple infill models and tested in the tensile and compression machine. The specimens were created with 10%, 25%, and 100% infill having single and dual colors material. Polylactic Acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), and Flex materials were...
The adhesion force change of an experimental road vehicle
Petr Jilek, Jan Berg
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):634-639 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.083
The Article deals with the controlled influence of the adhesive force in contact of the road vehicle’s wheel with the road. The first section shows how the adhesive force is reduced. The next step is the familiarization with the experimental vehicle with the Alternative SkidCar, where experimental measurements were carried out, assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the experimental vehicle with the Alternative SkidCar and the drive on the sliding surface following the experimental test methods. The objective of the article is to determine how great the difference in vehicle behav-iour is when the adhesive force changes by modifying...
Effect of the dressing process on the surface roughness in cylindrical grinding of Ti6Al4V alloy using stationary diamond dressing tools
Mikhail Khramenkov, Jan Jersák
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):640-646 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.077
The current study investigates the influence of the dressing process of the vitrified bonded microcrystal alumina grinding wheel on the roughness of the machined surfaces in cylindrical grinding of Ti6Al4V alloy using different types of stationary diamond dressing tools. For the research, four types of dressers were selected, which differ from each other by number, size and location of diamond cutting elements. Each dresser has been tested at four different dressing feed values with the same dressing depth. Two sets of experiments were conducted to determine the tendency of grinded parts roughness parameters change depending on the dressing feed for...
Influence of Nitrocarburizing on Increasing the Service Life of Elastic Elements of Direct Flow Valves
Jan Krmela, Tetiana Hovorun, Kristina Berladir, Artem Artyukhov, Serhii Kasian
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):647-656 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.071
The effect of the nitrocarburizing process in pastes with heating in a chamber furnace on the struc-ture and strength characteristics of 09Cr15Ni8Al corrosion-resistant steel was investigated. The tech-nology of chemical-thermal treatment was developed, which included nitrocarburizing in pastes with heating in a chamber furnace at different holding times. The thickness of the diffusion layer and its microhardness were determined after nitrocarburizing. To determine the efficiency and select the modes of chemical-thermal treatment, tests were carried out for the investigated steel's strength characteristics. The main feature of the structure of the...
Personnel management on the production line using the FlexSim simulation environment
Marek Krynke
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):657-667 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.073
The article presents new possibilities of simulation software and its application to improve the pro-duction structure. In many enterprises, the basic issues are related to the determination of planned tasks for individual positions, calculating the demand for employees, taking into account their skills and qualifications, calculating work costs, determining work efficiency and its dynamics. Therefore proper work organization consists in setting the course of work in such a way as to obtain maximum results with the least amount of work by man and machine. The article presents the problem of per-sonnel allocation to the production line. The basic stages...
Improving Rotary Draw Bending Process by Changing a Geometry of the Pressure Bar
Jan Řiháček, Eva Peterková, Michaela Císařová
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):668-681 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.081
The paper is focused on an analysis and optimization of the rotary draw benging process to eliminate bent tube ovality by modification of the pressure bar geometry. The bending process is realized on WafiosCNC bending machine. A tube that is bent for an automotive application is made of 34MnB5 steel. Currently, after tube bending process by an angle of 120°, an unacceptable ovality occurs. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of production and thus prevent the formation of unacceptable ovality. In this case, the optimization of the pressure bar geometry is performed. For this reason, a numerical simulation using finite element method in...
REW Application Possibilities for the Production of Combined Metal – Plastic Joints
Pavol Sejč, Branislav Vanko, Zuzana Gábrišová
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):682-690 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.082
In this paper, innovative resistance element welding (REW) technology for joining galvanized steel sheets to thermoplastics (PMMA) is introduced. The essence of the innovation is in the use of a special bimetallic joining element consisting of the core made of a Sn60Pb solder, and the sleeve made of a Cu tube. During resistance heating, the solder melts, thus allowing the formation of a metallurgical joint with galvanized steel sheet. Since Sn60Pb solder melting occurs at temperatures (from 183 to 190 °C) be-low the thermal decomposition temperature of most thermoplastics (for PMMA above 300 °C), there is no thermal destruction of the PMMA material...
An Automatic Generation Method of Exploded View Based on Projection
Shuai Shao, Yufei Xing, Ligang Qu, Xin Li
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):691-699 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.067
Exploded view is a kind of schematic view which decomposes the assembly into parts and arranges according to certain rules to explain the product structural relationship and guide the relevant technical personnel to carry out product assembly or maintenance. It is necessary to consider the visibility constraints and explosion sequence rules to construct the exploded view. Manual creation will lead to repeated modification and low efficiency. In this paper, a projection based algorithm for automatic generation of exploded view is proposed. In this method, the explosion set of products is constructed based on disassembly matrix and the assembly sequence...
Heterogenous Weld Heat Resistant Steel With Cobalt Alloy
Marian Sigmund
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):700-705 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.069
The article describes problems of welding heterogeneous welds be specific of heat resistant steel X15CrNiSi20-25 with cobalt alloy Stellite 6. Heterogeneous welds are produced by GTAW (141 according to standard EN ISO 4063) welding method. The major goals of the experiment were performing preliminary welding specifications (pWPS) for a specific welded part. Further was necessary for this weldment set parameters on mechanical testing.
Measuring propeller pitch based on photogrammetry and CAD
Tuong Nguyen Van, Truong Le Thanh, Naprstkova Natasa
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):706-713 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.070
There are a number of methods for measuring propeller pitch but it could be a problem for many fishing boat builders who lack of professional equipment. This paper presents a method of propeller pitch measuring based on photogrammetry and CAD (Computer Aided Design). This method con-sists of three stages. At first, a series of photos of the propeller were taken by a smart phone. After that, these 2D images were processed by a photogrammetry software to create the 3D virtual model of the propeller. Finally, in CAD environment, the pitch at different radii of each blade of the 3D vir-tual model were measured. To validate the proposed method, several...
Effect of boronizing process of AISI 321 stainless steel surface on its corrosion resistance in acid environment (pH = 1)
Karina Jagielska-Wiaderek
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):714-719 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.075
The paper presents results of research under the effect of surface thermo-chemical treatment on the cor-rosion resistance of X6CrNiTi18-10 steel. The corrosion resistance of the surface layers of stainless steel obtained as a result of thermo-chemical treatment (boronizing process) was assessed using the method of progressive thinning, which consists in performing corrosion tests on deeper and deeper areas of the surface layer. This method allowed for the determination of changes in individual characteristic corro-sion parameters read from the potentiokinetic polarization curves and the determination of the depth profiles of these parameters. In the...
Comparative Study on Life of High-speed Bearings at Ultimate Low Temperature
Weihua Zhao, Qinghou Chen, Cong Ma, Danfeng Yang, Kenan Yang, Lai Hu
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):720-724 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.085
Aiming to improve the working life of high-speed rail bearings, this paper puts forward a comparative study on different types of high-speed rail bearings at extreme low temperature. The model of bearing life is established. In the whole test process, it is found that the change trends of bearing temperature, environment temperature and torque are basically the same. In the equilibrium temperature relationship between SKF and ZH bearings, the temperature divergence of SKF bearings finally appears. In the ZH bearings, bearing 4 appears irregular sharp drop at the end. However, the temperature changes of the two brands of bearings are between-150 ℃...
Comparison of the Porosity of Aluminum Alloys Castings Produced by Squeeze Casting
Andrzej Zyska, Kinga Boroń
Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):725-734 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.074
The results of researches on porosity and structure of castings from AlMg9, AlSi7Mg and AlCu4Ti alloys produced by squeeze casting and for comparison by gravity die casting are presented. The tests were carried out on 200x100x25mm plates squeeze casted under 90MPa pressure. Prior to the commencement of experimental studies, numerical simulations of solidification were made for the selected alloy (AlSi7Mg) in order to determine the potential locations of shrinkage porosity. As part of the study, the porosity distribution in the plate cast was assessed by taking samples for measurements from the center and edge of the casting. It was found that the area...