Manufacturing Technology Journal - Latest articles
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Study on Thermo-Structural Coupling Mechanism and Multi-Field Evolution Law during the Firing Process of Ceramic Slabs
Xianewei Wang, Wenlong Xu, Hailong Yu, Chenyang Li, Haikuo Zhao, Yihang Feng, Caiqi Fang, Heng Zhang, Aihua Xu, Wentao Xie, Xiulian Li
Manufacturing Technology 2026, 26(1):106-116 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2026.012 
To address cracking and deformation in large-size ceramic slabs during firing induced by thermo-structural coupling, this study established an indirect thermo-structural coupling finite element model in Ansys to analyze an 820 mm×100 mm×6.32 mm slab. The evolution of temperature field, stress field, and deformation was investigated across four firing stages. Results indicate that the rapid cooling stage, with a high convective heat transfer coefficient, forms the cycle’s maximum thermal gradient, showing the most asymmetric temperature field of mid-plane high, surfaces low and a ~17°C surface-mid-plane temperature difference. The stress field...
Beverage-Cans as a Source of Hydrogen – Analysis of Leaching Residues
Alena Michalcová, Pavel Novák, Šárka Msallamová
Manufacturing Technology 2026, 26(1):63-67 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2026.011
Aluminium beverage-can are common material for secondary utilization. Their recycling is slightly com-plicated by presence of organic materials in them and lack of collection points (although the legislative in this case is rapidly changing to be more friendly). Another approach to deal with beverage-cans is using them as a source of hydrogen. In this manuscript, the evolution of hydrogen in 10 wt. % NaOH solution is described. The leaching residues were analysed in detail. Their chemical and phase composi-tion were measured, and the amount of trapped hydrogen was also analysed. The beverage-cans are usually composed of 3004 and 5182. The residues...
Machine Learning Regression Approaches for Manufacturing Cost and Time Prediction: A Comprehensive Review
Michal Matějka, Milan Dian, Jan Lhota, Theodor Beran, Vojtěch Hlinák
Manufacturing Technology 2026, 26(1):53-62 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2026.010
Today, machine learning regression methods are quietly but fundamentally transforming cost and time estimation in manufacturing: from early pricing to labor planning to operational order management. This survey offers a comprehensive map of approaches - from linear models, to tree ensembles (RF, GBM, XGBoost) and shallow neural networks, to multi-target and tensor regressions that can exploit data structure across BOM items and sequences of operations. With an emphasis on SME conditions, we show how to reconcile three often conflicting requirements of practice: accuracy, explainability, and integration into existing data flows (MES/ERP). The paper...
Normalized Statistical Evaluation of Machining Parameters and Cutting Forces in Turning
Tanuj Namboodri, Csaba Felhő, Ashwani Kumar
Manufacturing Technology 2026, 26(1):68-77 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2026.009
Investigation of cutting forces in metal cutting is of great importance for defining the effectiveness of the production as well as its impact on product quality. Several researchers studied the effect of cutting parameters on the cutting forces through statistical analysis; however, very few studies use the normalization of the data. Normalization reduces the skewness in the data and increases the accuracy of the results, which can be beneficial in modern industry where AI is being integrated with manufacturing. This research aimed to study the statistical analysis of cutting parameters and cutting forces using log-normalization and compare the accuracy...
Influence of High–melting–point Metals on the Mechanical Properties of Selected Al–Si Alloys
Tomáš Vlach, Jaromír Cais, Veronika Chvalníková, Martin Slezák, Jiří Brejcha, Tomáš Burket, Dominik Fink, Jan Sviantek
Manufacturing Technology 2026, 26(1):95-105 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2026.008
This article is dedicated to exploring the potential enhancement of mechanical properties, such as hardness and tensile strength, in selected Al-Si alloys (AlSi7Mg0.3, AlSi7Cu4, and Al-Si10.5Cu1.2Mn0.8Ni1.2). High-melting-point elements, such as chromium and molybdenum, are rarely utilized as additives in Al-Si alloys. However, the article demonstrates the feasibility of improving the mechanical properties of these alloys through the addition of high-melting-point elements. High-melting-point metals, often referred to as refractory metals, typically have melting points above 2000 degrees Celsius. Common refractory metals include tungsten, molybdenum,...
Effect of Accelerated Aging on the Mechanical Properties of FFF-Manufactured Polymers
Marcel Kohutiar, Martin Bednařík, Ivan Labaj, Róbert Janík, Jan Hanzlík, Michal Krbata, Jakub Zatloukal
Manufacturing Technology 2026, 26(1):43-52 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2026.007
This study examines the effect of accelerated weathering on the mechanical and viscoelastic properties of thermoplastics produced by fused filament fabrication (FFF). Three polymers, acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and polylactic acid (PLA), were subjected to alternating UV radiation and condensation cycles in a QUV chamber simulating environmental exposure. Tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used to evaluate the changes in strength, stiffness, and glass-transition behavior. The results revealed distinct responses depending on the polymer structure. ASA maintained its ductility...
Conceptual Design with Strength Analysis Based on the FOPS Test for a Tubular Cover Dedicated to the Kubota M135GX-IV Tractor
Łukasz Gierz, Mikołaj Spadło, Antoni Kuchta
Manufacturing Technology 2026, 26(1):26-33 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2026.006
An agricultural tractor equipped with appropriately rated guards can often replace specialized forestry machinery. Currently, few authorized dealers on the Polish market offer tractors adapted to harsh forest conditions, so this work involved designing a tubular guard for the Kubota M135GX-VI agricul-tural tractor. The aim of this work was to develop a conceptual design for a tubular guard, together with a strength analysis based on FOPS procedures, dedicated to the KUBOTA M135GX-IV agricul-tural tractor. To properly design the tubular guard, applicable standards and regulations regarding the construction of cabs and tubular guards for agricultural...
Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Porous Ti-6Al-4V Alloy for Biomedical Applications
Markéta Straková, Jiří Kubásek, Dalibor Vojtěch
Manufacturing Technology 2026, 26(1):88-94 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2026.005
Optimising the mechanical properties required for biomedical applications is something that porous Ti-6Al-4V structures offer the opportunity to do. Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures, such as the Diamond and Gyroid structures, provide interconnected pores that can be used to adjust strength, stiffness and deformation. The mechanical behaviour of these two architectures under compressive and bending loads is compared in this study, with the use of additively manufactured samples. The results demonstrate that pore geometry significantly impacts mechanical behaviour. Diamond structures exhibit higher stiffness and strength, whereas Gyroid...
Effect of Machining on 3D Surface Texture and Scratch Resistance of Structural Steel
Eva Jurickova, Oskar Zemcik, Stepan Kolomy, Josef Sedlak, Denisa Hrusecka, Felicita Chromjakova, Petra Sliwkova
Manufacturing Technology 2026, 26(1):34-42 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2026.004
This study experimentally compares how three common machining routes, turning, milling and grinding, affect the surface texture and tribological response of three structural steels (C45, 42CrMo4, 30CrMoV9) under conditions where the profile roughness Ra is deliberately aligned across routes. Areal topography was measured by coherence correlation interferometry and evaluated according to ISO 25178 (height metrics Sa, Sq, Sp, Sv, Sz, St). The bearing area curve (Abbott–Firestone) was used to derive functional descriptors Rpk, Rk and Rvk. Scratch resistance was determined on a UMT‑3 tribometer (Rockwell 120°, P = 50 N) as HSp = 8·P /...
Ultrasonic-Based Active Thermography for Determining Depth Detection Limits in Onyx Composites
Lucia Deganová, Vladimír Dekýš, Milan Sapieta, Alžbeta Sapietová
Manufacturing Technology 2026, 26(1):14-25 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2026.003
This paper examines the detection of internal defects in composite specimens composed of Onyx, a material featuring a nylon matrix reinforced with chopped carbon fibers. Artificial defects, in the form of flat-bottom holes of various geometries, were intentionally introduced during the additive manufac-turing process. The primary objective is to determine the depth detection capabilities of ultrasound by varying the excitation frequency and determining whether these defects remain identifiable at different subsurface levels. Ultrasonic lock-in thermography is utilized to excite specimens. As the frequency is modified, the depth of wave propagation...
Control Measurement of Car Tires during Transport on a Conveyor
Patrik Balcar, Pavel Houška, Martin Svoboda, Ondřej Vetchý, Milan Chalupa, Milan Sapieta, Roman Horký
Manufacturing Technology 2026, 26(1):2-13 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2026.002
The aim of this work is to verify the reliability of optical inspection of tires during their transport on a roller conveyor, with an emphasis on the accuracy of 3D scanning in real and simulated operating conditions. A measuring box was designed and constructed to eliminate environmental interference, and measurements were subsequently compared with different degrees of site coverage. Testing was carried out using a 3D sensor O3D302 operating on the Time-of-Flight principle, and spatial data in the form of point clouds were obtained and compared with the reference dimensions of the Nokian WR D4 tire. The effects of solar IR radiation, rain, surface...
Design and Life of a Ball Valve as per the ASME BPVC Section VIII by the Elastic Stress Analysis Method
Anupama Routray, Ripendeep Singh2, Lenka Cepova, V. Sandeep, B. Swarna B, Elangovan Muniyandy, Ankur Bansod, Pavel Krpec
Manufacturing Technology 2026, 26(1):78-87 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2026.001
The fatigue assessment of a Class 300 valve body with a bore diameter of 450 mm under vari-ous pressures is discussed using Section VIII, Division 2 of the ASME BPVC. Finite element analysis (FEA) results are compared to fatigue test results, and correlations are obtained. The material used for the valve is A216 WCB, which is widely used for making API ball valves. Elastic stress analysis was used to study the influence of various parameters on the results. This method is widely accepted and is used for static components. The body and flange de-signs were performed in accordance with ASME and API standards. Various pressure loads were applied to the...
Innovative Design of a Transtibial Prosthetic Socket through Integration of QFD, Reverse Engineering, and 3D Printing
Rosnani Ginting, Aulia Ishak, Fadylla Ramadhani Putri Nasution, Rinaldi Silalahi
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):778-787 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.085
This study focuses on addressing the challenges faced by individuals with physical disabilities, particu-larly lower body impairments, by developing a stump socket using Reverse Engineering (RE), 3D Printing, and QFD. The integration of these three methods is something new in product design devel-opment, especially prosthetic products. The research adopted a three-step methodology: 3D scanning the stump, obtaining precise measurements, and fabricating a stump socket using fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. QFD will produce technical requirements (TR) derived from consumer needs and brainstorming with prosthetists. TR will be the basis for...
Comparison and Verification of Stress Measurement Results Using the Barkhausen Effect during Three-Point Bending
Tomasz Domański, Wiesława Piekarska, Milan Saga, Zbigniew Saternus, Marcin Kubiak, Milan Vasko
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):751-757 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.084
Non-destructive stress measurement techniques are extremely important and are still being developed in engineering research and diagnostics of materials. They allow for a quick assessment of their condition without damaging the structure. Their development is crucial for the safety of structures and extending the life of materials. One of the new methods is the measurement of stress using the Barkhausen effect. The MagStress 5d device was used for the tests. In this work, stress measurements were performed using the MagStress 5D device during three-point bending of a steel flat bar. The results were verified using resistance strain gauges and numerical...
Characterization of microstructure and defects in the Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by 3D printing SLM technology
Kateřina Caldová, Andrea Školáková, Jan Pinc, Dalibor Vojtěch
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):735-741 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.083
The Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely used as a material for medical implants. In the future, it may be employed for 3D printing using the selective laser melting method. The advantages of 3D printing are for example production of complex shapes or ability to create customized implants. One of the disadvantages of this method is the deterioration of mechanical properties, particularly the ductility of the alloy, caused by high residual stress resulting from rapid cooling during printing. This article aims to characterize the microstructure and defects of the printed alloy and the impact of hot isostatic pressing. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy,...
Sinterhardening Process of Lean Cr-Mo Prealloyed Steel for Moderately Loaded Applications
Dmitriy Koblik, Miroslava Ťavodová, Monika Vargová, Richard Hnilica, Nataša Náprstková
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):771-777 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.082
The article deals with sinterhardening process of lean Cr-Mo prealloyed steel for moderately loaded applications. New material Astaloy CrS with low alloying volume of chromium and molybdenum was analyzed as possible basis for sinterhardening process. Standard mechanical properties of frequently used and more expensive materials such as DistaloyDH and Astaloy CrM are chosen as a compara-tive criterion. Astaloy CrS+0.85%C samples with different compaction densities and Ni content were studied, mechanical properties and hardness after sinterhardening process were compared. The influ-ence of additional high-temperature sintering on mechanical properties...
Study on the Molding Process of Corncob/Chitosan Composites
Yuping Xia, Zhe Luo
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):794-806 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.081
In order to address the pollution caused by petroleum-based plastics and increase the added value of agricultural waste, this study aims to develop an environmentally friendly wood composite material using agricultural waste corncob (CC) and biomass material chitosan (CS) as the matrix, and optimise its molding process to improve its physical and mechanical properties. Based on the single-factor test, the relatively optimal process parameters were preliminarily determined as follows: the CS concentration is 1.8%, the pressure is 25 MPa, and the temperature is 135 °C. At this time, the comprehensive properties of the material reach a density of 1.47...
Determining the Force Required to Remove a Screw from a Human Vertebra
Patrik Balcar, Petr Vachata, Martin Svoboda, Jan Lodin, Michal Lattner, Antonín Svoboda, Edita Pichlová
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):721-727 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.080
The article describes a pilot experiment of mechanical testing of 3D printed vertebrae with an inserted screw. The main goal of this work was to verify the design of a measurement methodology for experimentally determining the mechanical properties of vertebrae produced using 3D printing and also for determining the load-bearing capacity of a screw when it is drilled into a vertebra. The work describes the construction of a special fixture with which it is possible to clamp test samples for tensile testing. The stud screws were pulled out of a real or printed vertebra using a tearing machine. Testing was performed on porcine and 3D printed vertebrae....
Formation of TiO2 Hollow Nanoparticles Studied by in Situ TEM
Nikoleta Štaffenová, Lucia Bajtošová, Elena Chochoľaková, Jan Hanuš, Miroslav Cieslar
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):788-793 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.079
Hollow TiO₂ architectures are attractive for catalysis and sensing but typically produced by wet-chemical templating and sub-micron sizes. Here we demonstrate a dry, template-free route to nanoscale hollow shells by combining DC magnetron sputtering with in situ TEM heating. Heating to 900 °C produces sub-50 nm TiO₂ hollow shells with ~20 nm compact walls via oxidation-driven Kirkendall hollowing. The oxide evolves from amorphous at low temperature to anatase locally (~500 °C) and then to a rutile/brookite mixture by ~600 °C. The hollow architecture withstands a temperature of 900 °C without measurable sintering. Beam-off regions and ex-situ...
Tensile Behaviour of Zn–Mg Heterostructured Materials for Biodegradable Implant Applications
Anna Boukalová, David Nečas, Drahomír Dvorský, Jan Šťovíček, Jan Pokorný, Jiří Kubásek
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):728-734 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.078
Biodegradable zinc-based alloys have recently attracted attention as promising candidates for temporary implant applications due to their favourable corrosion behaviour and biocompatibility. In this study, three materials — pure Zn, Zn–1Mg alloy, and a Zn + Zn–1Mg composite — were fabricated via powder metallurgy and extrusion to evaluate their microstructural characteristics and tensile performance. The composite material was designed to combine ductile Zn regions with a reinforcing Zn–1Mg network, aiming to achieve a balance of strength and ductility. Microstructural analysis revealed coarse-grained Zn regions surrounded...
Heat Treatment-Induced Microstructural Changes in Selectively Laser Melted AlSi10Mg Alloy
Alice Chlupová, Jakub Poloprudský, Michal Jambor, Jaromír Brůža, Ladislav Poczklán, Jiří Man
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):742-750 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.077
The study examines the effect of various post-processing heat treatments on the microstructural evolution and hardness of the AlSi10Mg alloy produced by selective laser melting (SLM). The alloy was examined in the as-built (AB) condition and after three heat treatment regimes: direct aging (DA, 160°C/5 h), stress relieving (SR, 300°C/2 h), and solution annealing followed by artificial aging (SA, 520°C/2 h + 170°C/4 h) to better understand the solidification and consolidation processes. A multiscale characterization using OM, SEM, EBSD, TEM, and EDS was performed to reveal the changes in specific microstructures due to additive manufacturing and different...
Numerical and Experimental Study into forming of the longitudinal Externally Spline Sleeves by internally rotary Ballizing Process
Ayman Ali Abd-Eltwab, Emad A. Fahmy, Mohamed N. El-Sheikh, Ahmed M.I. Abu-Oqail, Hammad T. Elmetwally, Eman S. M. Abd-Elhalim
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):758-770 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.076
longitudinal externally splined parts have garnered increasing attention due to their critical role in power transmission across various industrial applications. This study explores the use of the internally rotating ballizing technique for manufacturing these components. The process was analyzed both experimentally and numerically through a mathematical model. The experimental investigation focused on key process parameters, including die rotational speed (50, 63, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, and 315 rpm), axial feed rate (0.13, 0.15, 0.18, and 0.21 mm/rev), interference between the balls and the tubular sample (cross in-feed: 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5...
Airflow Resistivity Measurements of Acoustic Poroelastic Materials and their Influencing Factors
Attila Schweighardt, Balázs Vehovszky, Dániel Feszty
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(5):678-688 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.075
In the automotive sector, poroelastic materials (PEMs) are used as trim elements to achieve the desired interior acoustics of a vehicle. This study examines the effect of manufacturing as well as measurement techniques on airflow resistivity. This property plays a key role in the acoustic behavior of PEMs. First, the importance of engineering acoustics and poroelastic materials in vehicle industry is reviewed, followed by the introduction of the most important properties and their measurement techniques. Next, the theory and the measurement techniques used to determine resistivity via direct method are detailed. Then the factors influencing the results...
Effect of Laser Shock Peening and Hot Isostatic Pressing on the Microstructure of MoNiCr Nickel Based Alloy
David Bricín, Zbyněk Špirit, Josef Strejciu, Antonín Kříž
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(5):582-588 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.074
This study aimed to evaluate the change in the microstructure of MoNiCr nickel-based alloy because of specimen surface modification by laser shock peening (LSP) followed by heat treatment using the hot isostatic pressing technology (HIP). Specimens which were cut from casted ingot had 7 mm in thickness and 117 mm in diameter. LSP surface modification was performed in a 60x60 mm square grid on the central part of each of them. Different values of laser power density in combination with or without tape or underwater condition were used for that operation. Specimens were then cut in half. One part each of them was left in LSP surface treatment conditions,...
Evaluation of Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Topography of Plastic Parts
Eva Jurickova, Stepan Kolomy, Josef Sedlak, Denisa Hrusecka, Petra Sliwkova, Jiri Vitek
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(5):607-617 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.073
The objective of this paper is the evaluation of dimensional and geometric accuracy and surface to-pography of milled parts from plastic. This evaluation was done on 10 samples from various thermo-plastics made by extrusion and FDM 3D printing. The samples were then milled. One side was milled dry while the other was milled with cutting fluid, which has improved the texture of the result-ing machined surfaces in most cases, for example with printed PLA, where Ra was reduced by 1.8 µm. For determining the dimensional and geometric accuracy, two parameters were chosen, those being distance and parallelism. For evaluating the surface topography,...
In Situ TEM and Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Grain Growth in Nanocrystalline Cu Nanoparticles
Lucia Bajtošová, Mia Myšičková, Nikoleta Štaffenová, Elena Chochoľaková, Jan Hanuš, Jan Fikar, Miroslav Cieslar
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(5):576-581 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.072
The thermal stability of nanocrystalline Cu nanoparticles was investigated using a combination of in situ TEM annealing experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Nanoparticles prepared by a gas aggregation source exhibit an average size of ~100 nm and are predominantly polycrystalline, with grains of ~25 nm. Upon annealing up to 600 °C, the particles preserve their external morphology without signs of sintering, while their internal structure evolves through progressive grain growth. Orientation mapping revealed an increase in Σ3 and other special boundaries, consistent with the tendency of grain boundary networks to evolve toward low-energy...
Experimental Measurement of Defects Propagation for a Passenger Car Tire Casing under Dynamic Loading
Ján Vavro jr., Ján Vavro, Lukáš Klimek, Miloš Taraba, Tomasz Domański, Zbigniew Saternus, Petra Dubcová
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(5):698-710 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.071
The given paper deals with the defects propagation in car tires for passenger vehicles under dynamic loading. The occurrence of defects has the significant influence on the lifetime and quality of the tire, especially during its operation as a part of the vehicle. The given defects are closely connected with a safety in road traffic. The aim of the study was to carry out a non-destructive analysis of the car tire for the purpose to analyze the defects propagation as well as to introduce the defects classification and their location along with the whole course of rupture as a result of increasing speed, loading and the number of hours or kilometers...
Mechanical Alloying, an Innovative Way of Zinc Preparation for Biomaterial Preparation
David Nečas, Jan Blažek, Jan Pokorný, Anna Boukalová, Jiří Kubásek
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(5):662-669 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.070
In this study, binary zinc-based alloys (Zn–1Mg, Zn–1Li, Zn–2Mn, wt.%) were synthesized by performing mechanical alloying (MA) of elemental powders, followed by consolidation using spark plasma sintering (SPS). The processing parameters were optimized to obtain homogeneous powders with controlled particle size. X-ray diffraction and SEM analyses confirmed the presence of secondary intermetallic phases (Mg2Zn11, Zn13Mn, ZnLi2 phases) formed during milling, which were preserved after SPS. Microstructural examination revealed a fine-grained microstructure with residual oxide networks originating from powder surfaces. Mechanical testing...
Elevator Vibrations and Ways to Reduce Them
Tereza Jarosova, Lenka Rychlikova, Blanka Skocilasova, Frantisek Klimenda
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(5):597-606 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.069
The article deals with the measurement of the vibrations in passenger elevators. The introduction of an article briefly discusses machine vibrations and their impact on machine design and the surrounding environment. The basic equations from which the equations of motion are derived are listed here. The importance of analyzing machine vibrations in their design, or rather proposing solutions to reduce vi-brations during machine reconstruction, is emphasized. Specifically, attention is paid to vibrations gen-erated during an elevator operation in the elevator shaft. This is an elevator for transporting people in a newly constructed 5-story building....
Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Fuel on Engine Oil Life
Pavol Mikuš, Alena Breznická, Marcel Kohutiar, Michal Krbaťa, Milan Jus, Lucia Kakošová, Jozef Fekiač
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(5):655-661 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.068
The fuel content of engine oil is a significant factor affecting its degradation processes, lubricating properties and overall service life, especially in the case of modern internal combustion engines equipped with turbocharging, direct injection and exhaust gas recuperation systems. This study analyzes the dilution of engine oil with fuel in diesel and gasoline engines of vehicles with different degrees of wear, represented by the number of kilometers driven. The main objective of the research is to identify the relationship between the fuel concentration in the oil and changes in its physicochemical properties, as well as the potential impact of...