Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2024 (vol. 24), issue 5
Identification of Internal Defects in Forged Shafts by Measurement of Residual Stresses Using X-Ray Method
Kamil Anasiewicz, Jerzy Józwik, Michał Leleń, Paweł Pieśko, Stanisław Legutko, Janusz Tomczak, Zbigniew Pater, Tomasz Bulzak
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):711-720 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.086 
The present paper discusses important aspects of residual stress measurements in forged shafts with defects using the X-ray method. A random population of shafts was selected for the study, for which, depending on the type of rolling process, turning was performed, measuring stress changes after successive machining passes. In the forged shafts studied, the existence and location of internal defects were identified using computed tomography. The impact of internal defects on the stress distribution on the surface of the machined workpiece was observed. It was observed that the use of the X-ray method to measure residual stresses makes it possible to...
Possibilities of Analyzing Sources of Impurities in Hydraulic Oil
Alena Breznická, Pavol Mikuš, Ľudmila Timárová, Marcel Kohutiar, Michal Krbaťa
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):721-730 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.081
The task of comprehensive machine care, monitoring of reliability and maintenance is currently a priority not to wait for a malfunction, but to prevent malfunctions before they occur. In the possibilities of mod-ern diagnostic tools, this activity is the task of oil analysis, which is a highly effective tool for monitoring the condition of hydraulic oils during their long-term operation. It is possible to prevent the failure of the entire system by regular monitoring of the technical condition of oils based on the analysis of hydraulic oil pollution. Oil analysis can reveal the amount of additive elements, oil pollution, the amount of addi-tives and...
Optimizing Manufacturing Technology: Unraveling Symmetry in Cubic Equation Roots
Vít Černohlávek, František Klimenda, Marcin Suszynski, Jan Štěrba, Tomáš Zdráhal
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):731-737 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.077
In the realm of engineering the quest for optimization is ceaseless. This article explores the intricate relation-ship between cubic equations and the practical world of production technologies, unearthing the profound connections that underpin mathematical symmetry and its role in engineering. Cubic equations, often arising in the analysis of mechanical systems, electric circuits, and robotics, serve as indispensable tools for under-standing and enhancing real-world applications. This study delves into the methods for finding the roots of cubic equations, shedding light on the vital role of mathematics in engineering and manufacturing technology.
Abrasion Wear Analysis of Commercial Cutting Inserts by Ball-on-disc Method
Tomasz Dembiczak, Robert Kruzel, Nataša Náprstková, Zbigniew Bałaga, Sylvia Kuśmierczak, Joanna Wachowicz, Piotr Reszka
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):738-746 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.076
Today's machining requirements cannot be met without the right tool materials. An ideal universal tool material should combine the highest abrasive wear resistance and hardness with high strength and good toughness, while being chemically inert to the workpiece material. Despite the intensive development of materials sciences the fundamental contradiction between hardness, which guaran-tees resistance to abrasive wear, and toughness, which determines impact and fatigue strength, has not been satisfactorily resolved on a global scale. This paper presents the results of tribological wear testing of commercial cutting inserts of S20S, U10S and CC6090...
Flexible Strain Sensor Based on Metallized Polyurethane Conductive Sponge Using Laser Direct Writing Process
Liang Dong, Chen Li, Peiying Han, Longgang Song, Yangyang Chen
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):747-754 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.080
Flexible strain sensors show great potential in the field of wearables and health monitoring. However, the application of traditional strain sensors on flexible substrates is still limited, and the development of sensors with high sensitivity, excellent stability and good durability is a current research focus. Aiming at the limitation of traditional strain sensor in flexible materials, a flexible strain sensor based on Kirigami structure is proposed. In this study, a Metallized Polyurethane Conductive Sponge (MPCS) was used as the sensor substrate. In the preparation process, we used laser direct writing process to achieve the preparation of highly...
Corrosion of Inconel 800HT Alloy in Molten Fluoride Salts
Zdeněk Fulín, Josef Strejcius, Zbyněk Špirit
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):755-764 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.087
Molten salt reactors are one of the technologies developed under GEN IV nuclear research. The mol-ten mix of LiF and BeF2, LiF, NaF nad KF, or NaBF4 and NaF act both as a reactor coolant both in primary and secondary loop. The combination of molten fluorides and high temperature creates high-ly corrosive environment. The aim of this work was to test corrosion resistance of Inconel 800HT alloy in molten FLiNaK, FliBe and NaBF4-NaF mix. The testing tube was filled with salt mixture and heated to 600-725 °C for a total of 1800 hours. The material exposed to NaBF4-NaF mix shoved mild corrosion attack on grain boundaries. Samples exposed to FLiNaK salt...
Quantification and Verification of Swingarm Structural characteristics through Numerical Simulation and Photogrammetry
Lukas Gregor, Jan Zouhar, Radim Kupcak
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):765-778 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.085
Composite materials have consistently been applied in areas where a combination of properties such as strength, stiffness, and low weight is crucial. Motorcycle construction is no exception, as these parameters significantly impact riding characteristics, safety, and overall performance. This article focuses on quantifying the torsional and vertical stiffness of a single-sided swingarm made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) using finite element analysis (FEA) and verifying these results through experimental measurements. To enhance the accuracy of the simulations, which involve complex geometries and anisotropic materials, the material properties...
Effect of Normal Ageing in Bundle on the Mechanical Properties of Tempcore Treated Reinforcing Steel Rebar
Mohamed Karroum, Marwa A. Abbas, Ahmed Ramadan, Mohamed A. Gepreel
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):779-790 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.088
Reinforcement steel rebar is produced by several ways but most importantly the tempcore process. Due to mass production in steel rolling plants, the rebars are gathered after tempcore process at a specific temperature in bundles stack in the warehouse. The bundling temperature varies from 200 to 300 o C. The rebars need relatively long time, up to one day, to reach the room temperature in the bundles stack. This work investigates the effect of prolonged ageing time on the rebars mechanical properties after the tempcore process of both ageing in bundle and designed artificial ageing. The results of mechanical properties of ageing in bundle compared...
The Influence of Temperature on the Production of Antioxidant Tin-Phosphorus Alloy
Jana Körmendy, Ján Vavro jr., Ján Vavro
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):791-801 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.083
The restriction of lead content in alloys for the production of the solder based on the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union of 08.06.2011 which is also known as RoHS (Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment), had a very positive impact on the research of lead-free solder alloys as well as on the economic impact on the production of solders. It opened the door to issues relating to the mechanical properties of lead-free solders and the microhardness of formed joints, increasing their quality and efforts to reduce production costs. Lead, as an element that...
Possibility of Eliminating Iron in Aluminium Alloy Through Sedimentation
Štefan Michna, Anna Knaislová, Jaroslava Svobodová, Jan Novotný, Lenka Michnová
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):802-810 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.082
The article is dedicated to research on the elimination of high iron content (above 3-4%) in aluminium alloys through sedimentation. The aim was to determine the effect of sedimentation time on reducing the iron content in material from a refining bath with high iron content and to identify the phases formed in the structure. Melts were prepared from the material obtained from the refining bath, which consisted of an AlSi12 alloy with 3-4% Fe content. After melting, sedimentation was carried out for 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours. Sedimentation was conducted while maintaining the alloy in a liquid state throughout the entire sedimentation period. After...
Evaluation of the Degradation of Combustion Engine Valves
Pavel Novak, Jan Růžička, Ester Duchková
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):811-816 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.084
This work aims at the description of the degradation of the intake and exhaust valve of the combus-tion engine during operation. For the experiments, new valves from Ford Fiesta were used, as well as the used ones with known mileage. In order to simulate the valve long-term operation and to esti-mate the temperature of the valve during the use, the new valves were annealed at 700 – 900 °C for 1000 h (corresponding to the mileage of 70,000 km with average speed of 70 km/h) and the grain size was compared with the used valves. It was found that this model experiment can easily predict the operation temperatures of the exhaust valves, which were...
Effect of Solubility of Alloying Elements on Selected Properties and on the Structure of AlSi5Cu2Mg
Martina Sýkorová, Dana Bolibruchová, Marek Brůna, Mária Chalupová
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):817-826 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.078
The paper deals with the solubility and influence of the melting method of alloying elements (Zr, Mo and Sr) on selected properties and structure of the hypoeutectic aluminum alloy AlSi5Cu2Mg. Alloy-ing elements in the form of master alloys (AlZr20, AlMo10, and AlSr10) were melted in two different methods. The first method consisted in melting the master alloy together with the batch material in an electric resistance furnace, the second method consisted in separately melting the master alloy in an induction electric furnace and then introducing the master alloy into the molten batch. The presence of alloying elements led to an increase in the porosity...
Numerical Simulation of a Cylindrical Outer Flanging Spinning
Xuhui Yang, Zhen Jia
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):827-833 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.089
The use of spinning technology for the outer flanging of cylindrical parts can save moulds, reduce labour intensity, and improve production efficiency. Therefore, two finite element models for the outer flanging spinning with the flange radius of 4 mm and 5 mm are established in this article. The deformation process, stress-strain field, and wall thickness distribution of the flange during the spinning period are analyzed. It can be found from the simulation results that, the blank of both working conditions cannot fit the contour of the roller until the until 2.5 s before the end of the spinning process, and it is more difficult to achieve fitting...
Effects of Laser Shock Peening Technology on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Steel
Jana Zavitkovská, Zdeněk Fulín, Zbyněk Špirit
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):834-842 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.079
This article deals with the modification of surface properties of austenitic steels using laser shock peening (LSP) technology. This technology introduces residual compressive stresses into the surface layer. These stresses improve the technical properties of the material not only by affecting the re-sistance of corrosion cracking under stress. The aim of the work was to influence the austenitic steel 08CHN10T by LSP technology, to perform a corrosion test in a boiling MgCl2 solution and the sub-sequent evaluation of these tests. Furthermore, the hardness was measured of the peened part of the material by LSP technology and unpeened part.
Advancing the ductile behaviour of heavy-wall API X70 pipeline steel by a “Slab/Sheet” thickness ratio increase
Vadym Zurnadzhy, Yuliia Chabak, Ivan Petryshynets, Alexey Efremenko, Ivan Sili, Ruslan Sagirov, Vasily Efremenko
Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):843-854 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.090
The present work was aimed at studying the effect of a “Slab/Sheet” thickness ratio (SSTR) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of API 5L X70 steel sheets intended for heavy-wall oil/gas pipelines. The 25 mm-thick and 40 mm-thick steel sheets were rolled from the cast slabs of different thicknesses (250 mm and 300 mm) and their mechanical properties were compared. The sheets were subjected to thermo-mechanical controlled processing followed by accelerating cooling, resulting in the structure of quasi-polygonal/acicular ferrite with minor amounts of granular pearlite and martensite-austenite constituents. Increasing the cast slab...