Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2022 (vol. 22), issue 1
The Effect of Boriding and Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of 100Cr6 Steel
David Bricín, Antonín Kříž, Jan Novotný, Zbyněk Špirit
Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(1):2-9 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.003 
The main aim of this case study is to present the changes caused by heat treatment on the structure and properties of 100Cr6 steel by annealing, hardening, and tempering in combination with previous chemical-heat treatment (CHT) by boriding. The boriding causes changes to the microstructure of the steel samples, which include a change in the morphology of the deposited cementite and a change in the volume of the chromium carbide particles. The cementite is transformed from its original granular form to a lamellar form. An increase in the proportion of chromium carbide particles in the sample occurs due to the higher affinity of chromium for carbon....
Durable Material Deposition via PTA upon Al-alloys
Klara Caisova, Michal Lattner, Jaromir Cais
Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(1):10-13 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.002
This study focuses on surface treatment of aluminium alloys by High Speed Steel (HSS30) via Plas-ma Transferred Arc. The main motivation of this research has been an assignment of local company in order to prolong the lifetime of a tire press molds, especially the interface of its segments. These segmented molds are made from aluminium alloy and their interface is exposed to multiple percus-sions, which leads to cracks. Therefore, PTA surfacing is considered as a suitable surface treatment for hardening its interface, yet benefit from lightweight of aluminium matrix. For purposes of this research AlSi9CuNiMn alloy was used as a matrix metal. Permeation...
Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructural Evolution in Additively-manufactured Parts of Various Heights from Maraging Steel
Hana Jirková, Kateřina Opatová, Ludmila Kučerová, Ivana Zetková, Štěpán Jeníček, Karolína Burdová
Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(1):14-19 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.008
Parts made by 3D printing must be subjected to heat treatment to achieve the required mechanical properties. With the development of additive manufacturing in various areas of industry, more and more complex components are being printed, which, in addition to their complicated shape, also have different printing heights. Sometimes, builds of different heights are created on a single build platform. When there is a height difference, the step region is characterized by a steep increase in hard-ness. It may lead to problems related to mechanical properties. MS1 tool steel was chosen as the material for this experiment. Using DMLS (Direct Metal Laser...
Study of Coatings Intended for Active Parts of Forming Tools Produced by Powder Metallurgy
Elena Kantoríková, Ján Moravec
Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(1):20-25 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.005
The article deals with new types of coatings and their mechanical properties. CTRN and CRONAL are newly developed coatings intended for active parts of forming tools. Their behavior and mechanical properties are still under investigation. Coatings are used for functional components in various areas of industries, their de-velopment is constantly in process. The aim of the study and the experimental solution provides a compari-son of the mechanical properties of the new coatings with the well-known coatings DLC, TiN and TiSiN. The aim of the work was to perform an analysis of CTRN and CRONAL coatings and compare their me-chanical properties with other...
Nanoindentation Analysis of Inconel 625 Alloy Weld Overlay on 16Mo3 Steel
Patrik Klučiar, Igor Barenyi, Jozef Majerík
Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(1):26-33 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.013
This article deals with nanoindentation analysis of welded overlay layer of Inconel 625 alloy on 16Mo3 steel and their interface (transition zone). The microstructure of weld metal is analyzed, as well as the weld-on steel and subsequently nanoindentation properties (nanohardnes, reduced modulus of elastic-ity) of selected structural components. The weld of Inconel 625 alloy is realized on a tube made of 16Mo3 steel, which is bent by the so-called critical bending (d≤0,7D). The article also deals with the change of investigated properties of the weld after that bending. The samples prepared from the areas with highest compressive and tensile...
Analysis of the Dual-phase Steel DP500 Stress-strain Characteristics During the Plane Shear Test
David Koreček, Pavel Solfronk, Jiří Sobotka
Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(1):34-38 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.015
Nowadays, the tendency to survey and accelerate technological processes in order to increase produc-tion efficiency on the one hand and to reduce the ecological impact of production on the environ-ment on the other hand is increasingly prevailing. These aspects encourage both the applilcation of mathematical modelling of production processes and utilization of new material types ensuring suffi-cient strength and ductility while reducing the overall weight of the final asembly. This paper focuses on investigation and evaluation of the mechanical properties of the material under plane shear stress conditions. Specifically, it concerns the testing of...
Stress Corrosion Cracking and Copper Alloy Products
Vladivoj Očenášek, Jan Luštinec
Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(1):39-44 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.012
Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a common cause of structural failure. The simultaneous action of the corrosive environment and tensile stresses creates cracks that have an intercrystalline or transcrys-talline character. These are cracks with a fragile morphology of the fracture surface without signs of plastic deformation in their vicinity. SCC cracks occur in several alloys. This paper focuses on copper alloys in which this type of failure occurs frequently. Examples from practice show cases where the occurrence of SCC violation was related to the conditions of use of components and their production technologies. The paper does not aim to capture...
Relaxation of Polyvinyl Butyral Film with Non-uniform Thickness
Aleš Mareška, Tereza Kordová, Martin Havlík Míka
Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(1):45-58 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.010
Polyvinyl butyral is a material that is widely used in the manufacture of laminated glass sheets. Polyvinyl butyral film is widely used as an intermediate layer for laminated automotive or architectural glass. The intermediate layer primarily ensures the safety function of the laminated glass. Other advantages of laminated glass with a polyvinyl butyral interlayer include that it can be adapted to perform other functions, including acoustic functions, anti-reflection functions or functions enabling information to be projected on the glass with this interlayer. In this work, the influence of further processing of polyvinyl butyral film with non-uniform...
Parametric Optimisation of Micro Plasma Welding for Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing by Response Surface Methodology
Nor Ana Rosli, Mohd Rizal Alkahari, Faiz Redza Ramli, Mohd Fadzli bin Abdollah, Syahibudil Ikhwan Abdul Kudus, Safarudin Gazali Herawan
Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(1):59-70 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.001
High deposition rate with minimal heat input is one of the primary emphases in wire arc additive manufacturing. This study aims to determine the optimal input parameters of micro plasma welding for single-layer deposition. The stability of a single layer is crucial as it serves as the foundation relative to the deposition of layers to avoid a discontinuous multi-layer material. The study focuses on wire feeding speed, welding speed, and pulse and their interaction between the input and response variables. Based on the study, the regression equation between the three key parameters and the response using the Box-Behnken Design response surface methodology...
Testing the Effect of Bending Moment on Wheel Bearing Heating
Dana Stancekova, Jozef Mrázik, Miroslava Ťavodová, Alžbeta Sapietová, Anna Rudawska, Filip Turian
Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(1):71-79 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.004
Leading manufacturers and sellers of products in the field of rolling bearings for the automotive in-dustry guarantee their quality. Extensive product testing is required to guarantee quality. When test-ing wheel bearings, bending fatigue test stations are used, among other things, to verify the strength of components. The content of the presented work is the analysis of the effect of bending moment on the temperature of a newly wound wheel bearing of the 3rd generation, based on experimental measurements. These are dynamic tests of the strength of wheel bearing components at a resonant test station. This verification is very important and has the...
Analysis of Damaged Delimber Knives and the Possibility of Increasing their Service Life
Miroslava Ťavodová, Monika Vargová, Jozef Krilek, Dana Stančeková
Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(1):80-88 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.011
The article deals with the wear of the blades of the delimber device of harvester head. An input analysis of the materials of the fixed knife and movable arm parts was performed. It consisted of chemical analysis, evaluation of microstructure and hardness measurement by HRC and HB methods. The original welded joint was analyzed, which ensured the connection of the blade and the fixed, resp. movable arm mechanism. Based on the findings, two blade replacement solutions have been proposed. The first was the application of hard metal by an OK 84.58 electrode and second use HARDOX 450 by welding with a fixed part or a mechanical gripping with screws. This...
Kinematic Analysis of the Tram-pedestrian Collision – a Preliminary Case Study.
Lubos Tomsovsky, Petr Kubovy, Frantisek Lopot, Karel Jelen
Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(1):89-94 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.007
The goal of the study was to conduct a preliminary analysis of the kinematics of tram-pedestrian collision in case of a side impact. A T6A5-type tram, traveling at the speed of 10 km/h, was used for the crash analysis and reconstruction of the collision. The pedestrian response was analyzed using a crash-test dummy. For the purpose of this study, the postimpact dummy movement was approximated by the motion of its center of mass (COM) and only the translation movement in the frontal plane of the dummy (along the horizontal and vertical axes) was considered. The results showed a significant change in the coefficient of restitution after the initial impact....
The Influence of Cr Addition and Heat Treatment on Dilatometric Characteristics of Cast Fe-Al-Si Intermetallic Alloys
Věra Vodičková, Petra Pazourková Prokopčáková, Martin Švec, Pavel Hanus, Jaromír Moravec, Libor Čamek
Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(1):95-101 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.014
The cast Fe-Al-Si type intermetallic alloys (with or without chromium content) were investigated with the aim to obtain the values of thermal expansion coefficient and describe the dilatometric behavior of alloys. The effect of chromium addition, as well as the influence of heat treatment on the structure and dilatometric characteristics (thermal expansion coefficient, CTE), were described. It has been shown that the presence of chromium does not significantly influence the values of thermal expansion coefficient of as-cast alloys so that chromium addition can be substituted by higher silicon content. The annealing used for phase stabilization slightly...
Methods and Mechanism of Powder Mixing for Selective Laser Melting
Guang Yang, Yilian Xie, Shuo Zhao, Yuhang Ren, Chao Wang
Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(1):102-110 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.006
Selective laser melting (SLM) technology has strict demand to its powder materials which is needed to be spread evenly and conducted laser sintering layer by layer. Therefore, the uniformity and flatness of powder bed are the basic conditions for processing. Ball milling is an important composite powder preparation process of SLM. Three kinds of ball milling processes, dry ball milling, wet ball milling and hollow milling with various parameters are adopted to prepare TC4 / TiB2 composite powder. It is concluded that a balling time 8 h at a speed of 230 rpm without milling ball is proved the optimal working condition to make the composite powder maintain...
Development of a Surface Roughness Prediction Model for Slow Tool Servo Turning Machining
Wei Zhou, Min Kang, Hangyan Guo
Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(1):111-122 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.009
To investigate the effect of slow tool servo turning process parameters on surface roughness, we es-tablished a high precision surface roughness prediction model. A guide to the selection of turning process parameters was compiled, and a turning test was conducted based on a response surface method (RSM) central composite design. ANOVA explores the influence law of process parameters on surface roughness. A RSM BP neural network model, and MEA-BP surface roughness model were established and the prediction performance of the three models was evaluated. The results show that the significant process parameters affecting surface roughness are tool radius,...