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The work deals with the possibility of using additive technology in the production of positioning and clamping device. The designed clamping device will facilitate and accelerate the measurement of samples with inclined or different irregular surfaces. The designed device is manufactured by additive technology using composites. Onyx material reinforced with Kevlar fibers was used as material for composite printing. The designed device should achieve the required properties for the firm and stable clamping of the components during the measurement process, and its weight should be significantly reduced with the use of composite material.

A unique combination of properties makes aluminium one of the most versatile engineering and construction materials. The aluminium alloys can be machined easily and economically if suitable practice and proper tools are used. A statistical design of experiments was performed to investigate the effect of selected cutting parameters and a cutting fluid on the surface roughness of AlMgSi1 aluminium alloy (EN AW 6082) machined by end milling. For the experimental procedure, three cemented carbide end milling cutters of diameter 12 mm with 3 cutting edges were used. The input parameters taken into consideration were helix angle, cutting speed, and using a cutting fluid. With application of ANOVA, the helix angle was investigated as the most significant parameter. The other ones were not statistically significant. To eliminate the negative impact of the cutting fluid on the health and environment, dry machining is recommended in this research.

In order to quickly measure the straightness parameters of the deep hole/blind hole axis, a robot for measuring the straightness of the deep hole/blind hole axis based on the photoelectric prin-ciple is designed. Using the linearity of the laser as a reference, the straightness of the inner hole can be detected through the function that the PSD sensor can accurately locate the position of the energy center of the light. By studying the relationship between the position of the light spot and the output voltage of the PSD device, the measurement model of the straightness of the deep hole axis is derived. During the measurement, the robot spiral driving mechanism moves back and forth inside the deep/blind hole, and the automatic centering mechanism realizes the precise positioning of the deep/blind hole axis. The laser fixed on the axis of the automatic centering mechanism can illuminate the PSD target to obtain the current position data of the deep/blind hole axis. Use the least square median method to eliminate the gross error of the obtained data, and the least square principle fitting can obtain the measurement results of the current axis straightness. In order to ensure the measurement accuracy, the measuring robot is calibrated by a standard ring gauge and used for the age of the pipe with an inner diameter of 135mm to obtain an error accuracy of less than 0.05 mm for the axis.

In warehousing logistics, the sorting and transportation efficiency of goods is still one of the important factors limiting the rapid development of logistics. At present, most regions still use manual sorting with low efficiency and high cost. Especially in some special work areas, such as high temperatures, severe electronic radiation, and areas with heavy long-term work tasks, urgent need for small robots to replace manual labor. In order to solve the inconvenience that small places such as logistics only use manual sorting, It is necessary to design a small-sized weight sorting and transportation robot, which can wait for receiving goods at a designated location, judge and identify the weight of goods by itself through PID intelligent control algorithm, which can move forward at a constant speed, and transport its weight to the designated position and unload it. Constant speed can make the trolley travel more smoothly and load and unload goods more smoothly, which is of great significance.

The work aims to present a design method of cam five-bar paper taking mechanism of packaging machine based on position and orientation constraints to better meet the position and orientation requirements of the end paper taking actuator in the high-speed paper picking process. At the first stage, according to the given ideal position and orientation requirements of the end paper taking actuator, the mathematical model of the five-bar mechanism satisfying the position and angle constraints is established by using the kinematic mapping theory, and two cams are used to constrain the two freedom of the five-bar mechanism to obtain the cam five-bar paper taking mechanism. At the next stage, the relationship between the five-bar mechanism and the cam angle under the given position and angle constraints is solved, and the theoretical profile of the cam is established by using cubic spline curve function. Finally, the whole paper taking mechanism is optimized to obtain the best mechanism parameters. Through the design example of the cam five-bar mechanism of the high-speed packaging machine, it is verified that the designed value taking mechanism can accurately realize the given orientation point, and there is no contour distortion of the cam. This method can not only realize the given position and orientation of the end actuator, but also further optimize cam profile of the paper taking mechanism to improve the running stability and accuracy.

In this paper, the design of a robot is proposed to replace manual labor in completing tasks on vertical planes. The aim is to enhance automation in the workplace and eliminate direct human involvement to ensure personal safety. Firstly, the robot's structure is designed as a five-joint biped with vacuum adsorption capabilities. The forward and inverse kinematics of the robot are analyzed. Secondly, using simulation by ADAMS, five key performance metrics are quantitatively analyzed for both this robot and a Hexapod robot. These metrics include adsorption reliability, external load-bearing capacity, friction coefficient adaptability, obstacle-crossing capacity, and joint torque. Thirdly, the main control chip used for this robot is STM32F407. The circuit system design and physical implementation of the robot are based on this chip. Finally, experiments are conducted to study the actual performance of the robot in vertical cleaning tasks.

The main topic of the presented paper is review of the mostly used tools in designing of composite structures. Consequently, practical demonstration of their using has been done on an example of a bending test of the wound, thin-walled composite rod. Further methods of definitions individual layers and the associated interface properties using the cohesive elements, based on that it is possible to detect arising delamination. Unlike conventional approaches, there is not possible to define a definite strength limit or nonlinear plasticity. For this purpose, the so-called failure criteria exist for the composite materials. In this way, it is possible to describe the real stress/ strain situation for the composite parts. Composite materials, due to their anisotropy, offer by suitable layer composition the possibility of significantly improving the efficiency of material utilization. Just in such cases, some advanced numerical tools like e.g. DOE, response surface and genetic algorithms could be used. Based on the above described methods, the experimental results of the carried three point flexure test have been numerically verified and the properties of the tested rod optimized.

The presented paper deals with the design of a knee simulator that uses pin-on-ball configuration, ie cartilage and CoCrMo head. The translational motion consists of the cartilage and the rotating head when the load of the articulating pair is derived. The simulator meets the predetermined kinematic conditions according to the ISO 14243-3 standard, including dynamic loading. The simulator is able to record the coefficient of friction during the test, which helps to understand the biotribological processes in the knee. The structural part of the simulator is preceded by a research part, in which the existing simulators and tribometers, which helped to create this design, are analyzed. In the experimental part, specific elements (drives, sensors, etc.) are selected that meet the defined boundary conditions, and the method of friction measurement is determined. The paper concludes with an overall evaluation of the proposed knee joint simulator, which will be able to achieve the conditions according to ISO 14243-3 and at the same time record the course of the coefficient of friction between the cartilage surface and the CoCrMo head.

In order to cultivate students' professional skills and enhance students' practical ability, this paper proposes to create a virtual simulation experiment system of NC machine tool based on SolidWorks software platform, taking vertical machining center as the research object, which is integrated by three modules of NC machine tool structure, machine tool operation and machine tool processing. Firstly, the detailed assembly relationship of each subsystem of the machine tool, the assembly rela-tionship of the overall equipment and the system composition are displayed intuitively by 3D modeling, so that students can understand the 3D modeling method and structure composition of complex CNC machine tools. Secondly, according to the machining process characteristics of vertical machining center, using typical parts to create the virtual simulation platform to carry out complex parts programming and machining methods and steps based on vertical machining center. Through the full combination of virtual simulation experiment and actual equipment, it has significant results in improving students' interest in learning, ensuring teaching effect, reducing material waste, avoiding machine tool accidents and so on. And combined with the actual processing, operation of CNC machine tool experiment to achieve the combination of virtual and real, vivid image, rigorous and realistic, open and sharing, expand the numerical control technology class teaching and talent training. It also provides a good reference for similar curriculum development.

The aim of this work is to verify the reliability of optical inspection of tires during their transport on a roller conveyor, with an emphasis on the accuracy of 3D scanning in real and simulated operating conditions. A measuring box was designed and constructed to eliminate environmental interference, and measurements were subsequently compared with different degrees of site coverage. Testing was carried out using a 3D sensor O3D302 operating on the Time-of-Flight principle, and spatial data in the form of point clouds were obtained and compared with the reference dimensions of the Nokian WR D4 tire. The effects of solar IR radiation, rain, surface moisture, and natural lighting conditions were analyzed, which caused different levels of deformation, noise, and measurement deviations. The results show that significant errors occur without coverage, while the measuring box significantly reduces these deviations and increases the stability of point data. Complete coverage from above and below proved to be the most effective solution, but the wet tire surface remains a significant source of interference. The work further proposes structural modifications to the box and recommends the application of a matte surface and the expansion of tests to include the effects of vibrations and real conveyor operation. The result is a technical evaluation of the measurements and recommendations for improving optical tire detection in the industrial process.

Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) printers are usually designed to create a product with one single ma-terial. Some of them allow fabricate items in multiple colours but creating a single product consisting of two different materials remains an advantage of industrial 3D printers only. The aim of this research was to develop a design of a device with two printheads which enables to print products with two different materials, compatible with a cheap and commonly available FFF device Prusa i3MK2S, and the subse-quent production of a prototype. A key aspect of the design was the hardware compatibility of the device with the given printer while maintaining the maximum possible printing area.

The aim of the paper is to describe the design of the manipulation system for the raw ceramic chimney pipe raw blank to avoid deformation of the pipe during handling and to increase the productivity of the manufacturing process. The process of manufacturing of a ceramic chimney pipe begins with extrusion of the raw refractory material. The extruded semi-finished product is then processed and then transferred by hand to a kiln car on which it is dried and fired. It is this manipulation that heavily contributes in the deformation of the fired chimney pipes. Due to the low stiffness of the raw ceramic chimney pipe, deformation occurs by manual handling. In order to avoid these deformations, it is necessary to design a suitable concept and construction solution of the manipulation system. Due to the nature of the chimney pipe, the automation of manipulation is rather difficult. The pipe is very soft in the raw state, its surface is rough, wet and greasy. This paper deals with the design of an optimal solution for the manipulation of ceramic chimney pipes, which will prevent the chimney pipe from deforming, negatively affecting its quality and making it possible to increase the productivity of ceramic chimney pipes production.

Fast control coil is one of the most important components for EAST device to control the vertical stability of plasma. However, once the heating power of EAST is updated to 36 MW, fast control coil doesn't adapt to the new operation state and couldn't provide effective control for plasma vertical instability. Thus, insulation material with ITER-like magnesium oxide is developed to withstand high radiation and the coil position is also relocated to obtain more effective instability control. Given the relocation of fast control coil, electromagnetic load acting on coil-self and feeders are calculated based on elliptical integral and Ampere force law. The electromagnetic load as volumetric force is interpolated into the finite element analysis model to analyze the stress state on fast control coil. Finally, the design-by-analysis method is adopted to evaluate whether the stress could satisfy the specified acceptance criteria. The study will provide theoretical reference for the update of fast control coil from the perspective of electromagnetic load.

The goal of the study was to analyze the kinematic and dynamic response of the human head during the primary impact of tram-pedestrian collisions. The anthropomorphic test device (dummy) was used for two collision scenarios: the frontal (dummy facing the approaching tram) and side impact (dummy standing with its shoulder towards the tram). The crash tests were conducted with four different types of tram, typical for Prague’s public transportation, and at four different impact speeds (5, 10, 15, and 20 km/h). The primary outcome variable was the resultant head acceleration. The risk and severity of possible head injuries were analyzed using the head injury criterion (HIC15) and the corresponding level of injury on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). The results of the kinematic analysis showed that during the primary impact, the head of the dummy always got hit by trams’ front ends in the case of frontal impact while in the case of a side impact, the head got only hit at higher speeds (15 and 20 km/h) with modern tram types. The results of the dynamic analysis showed an increasing trend of head impacts with higher speeds for all tram types and collision scenarios. However, the head acceleration was higher in the case of frontal impacts compared to side impacts. The HIC15 did not exceed the value of 300 in any case and the probability of AIS3+ did not exceed 10%. The results suggest that the outcomes of tram-pedestrian collisions can be influenced by the tram type (its front-end design), impact speed, collision scenario, and the site of initial contact.

This work deals with the construction of a steel hangar with a sheet metal shell for storage sports flying equip-ment (SPE) or general aviation aircraft. The design of the building was made to ensure an individual approach to each aircraft. The construction was designed with price and safety in mind. An available option is an electronic security system connected to the central security desk via the Internet, mobile phone or other data transmission.

In order to address the pollution caused by petroleum-based plastics and increase the added value of agricultural waste, this study aims to develop an environmentally friendly wood composite material using agricultural waste corncob (CC) and biomass material chitosan (CS) as the matrix, and optimise its molding process to improve its physical and mechanical properties. Based on the single-factor test, the relatively optimal process parameters were preliminarily determined as follows: the CS concentration is 1.8%, the pressure is 25 MPa, and the temperature is 135 °C. At this time, the comprehensive properties of the material reach a density of 1.47 g/cm³, a hardness of 16.67 kgf/mm², a flexural strength of 42.2 MPa, and an elastic modulus of 7.2 GPa. Furthermore, the response surface experimental design and analysis method was applied to optimize the composition ratio and molding process parameters, and a response surface model with flexural strength, apparent hardness, and density as response values was established. Through the analysis of the Design-Expert software, a quadratic regression equation was obtained, and its determination coefficient R² is higher than 0.9, indicating that the model is significant and reliable. The response surface analysis shows that the optimal parameter combination is a CS concentration of 1.7%, a molding pressure of 26 MPa, and a molding temperature of 138 °C. In the verification test, the flexural strength is measured to be 49.419 MPa, the hardness is 16.585 kgf/mm², and the density is 1.507 g/cm³, which is highly consistent with the optimized predicted values. The study shows that the response surface method can effectively establish a quantitative relationship model between process parameters and performance indicators, providing a reliable process optimization method and theoretical support for the green preparation of biomass composites.

There are regional differences, variety differences and maturity differences in fresh lotus seeds. The parameters of husking and peeling machine working parts need to be adjusted in real time according to the processing effect. In response to the problems with the machine on the market including complicated transmission, difficult interconnectedness and adjustment of various working parts, etc., an automatic husking and peeling machine for fresh lotus seeds with the husking module and peeling module as the core devices has been designed. On the basis of the kinematic analysis of fresh lotus seed circulation process, a grooved wheel feeding mechanism and an arc track have been designed to realize the feeding and circulation of fresh lotus seeds. Experimental research has been conducted on the influence of working parameters on the film removal effect and the interaction between working parameters using the response surface method. In addition, the correctness of the above analysis has been verified by husking and peeling experiments. According to the experiment results, processing qualification rate and damage rate processing efficiency of this machine can meet the use requirements of lotus farmers. This research can provide a theoretical basis for the structural design and parameter optimization of related equipment.

Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) based on Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) has emerged as a cost-effective and high-deposition process for fabricating large-scale aluminum components. However, its application to non-heat-treatable aluminum 5083 remains limited by thermal-cycle in-stabilities, porosity, and non-uniform mechanical performance. This study presents an integrated experimental and artificial-intelligence framework for optimizing key GMAW parameters—welding current, wire-feed speed, and welding speed—to enhance the mechanical properties of WAAM-fabricated aluminum 5083 walls. An L9 Taguchi design was employed to quantify parameter effects, followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify dominant factors. Results indicated that weld-ing speed exerted the greatest influence on tensile strength (≈ 58.8 % contribution), whereas wire-feed speed and current primarily affected hardness through solidification behavior. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was then developed to predict tensile strength and hardness with high accuracy (R > 0.99; MAPE < 1 %), demonstrating superior predictive performance over Taguchi and regression models. Integration of the trained ANN with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) enabled global optimization of process parameters, yielding an optimum set of 85.3 A current, 7.7 m/min wire-feed speed, and 3.8 mm/s welding speed, corresponding to predicted properties of 242.5 MPa tensile strength and 108.4 HV hardness. Experimental validation confirmed deviations below 1 %, verifying the model’s robustness. The proposed ANN–GA hybrid framework effectively captures nonlinear process–structure–property relationships, providing a reliable, data-driven pathway for achieving high-strength, defect-free aluminum components in WAAM and other additive manufacturing sys-tems.

The aim of this article is to calculate and compare the modal properties of the frame of the standard and modified freight wagon bogie design. Analysed frames represent the main support parts of the bogie, which are most often used in the Central Europe region. Determination of the modal properties belongs to the fundamental but very important step in the engineering design. In our case, modal analyses of bogie frames structures were carried out using the Finite Element Method. In order to perform numerical calculations based on FEM approach, Ansys package was used. Modal analyses of individual parts as well as substructures of rail vehicles is an inseparable part of the rail vehicles design process. In this article theoretical and practical consequences of obtained results from the modal analysis, i.e. eigenmodes and eigenfrequences of the analysed part of the bogie on its dynamic properties are presented.

Determining the productivity and quality of precision AWJ machining requires routine and careful inspection of nozzle condition. The degradation of the inner bore of the nozzle adversely impacts the mixing efficiency and uniformity of the water jet, thereby affecting its cutting performance. In this study, new nozzle was designed and manufactured using additive manufacturing and were made of 316 L stainless steel. The new nozzle consists of two combined parts with the peculiarity of being easy to install using a screw thread. The wear behavior of the new nozzle was examined using an accelerat-ed wear test. An accelerated wear test was conducted on the hard abrasive silicon carbide (SiC) and compared to garnet, the abrasive commonly used in the AWJ industry. The aim of the test was to de-termine the wear pattern of the nozzle. The cumulative mass loss and nozzle diameter increase for different abrasives were measured. The geometric change in the nozzle is made visible through de-structive examination. The findings indicated that the type of abrasives significantly affects nozzle wear. As the hardness of the abrasive increases, the diameter of the nozzle enlarges, resulting in accel-erated nozzle wear. The mass loss factor of SiC abrasives is three times higher than that of garnet abrasives. This research allows practitioners to monitor the nozzle wear behaviour during the AWJ process. The results obtained were used to estimate the nozzle life based on the observed wear history.

The geometric accuracy of a machine is primarily determined by the accuracy of assembly, manufactur-ing, and overall setup. Standardized procedures for assessing geometric accuracy are established and detailed in delivery protocols for various types of machining machines. To effectively monitor and ana-lyze machining machine errors, the most suitable approach is to construct a comprehensive error balance that accounts for the overall performance of the machine. This error balance methodology, a tool within the realm of system analysis, is utilized for predicting and managing systemic errors. The errors ob-served in machined components are intimately connected to the errors present in the machining ma-chines themselves. These errors are further intertwined with the design and physical properties of indi-vidual machine components, as well as their interactions. In the case of multi-axis machines, they col-lectively determine the overall accuracy of the produced components. The objective of this study is to analyze machining machine errors using the Renishaw XL-80 laser interferometric system. The findings of this study reveal that errors in machining machines can also be the result of the dynamics of the cut-ting process, which may have a significant impact on accuracy.

The push-type rotary steerable core bearing has high load capacity and high precision, and has been widely used in oil and gas drilling field. Its service life is difficult to predict due to various complex working conditions. Based on the finite element method, this paper establishes a three-dimensional rotating guide mandrel model to calculate and analyze the mechanical simulation of the guide mandrel under different working conditions, and establishes the corresponding life prediction model to predict its life. The results show that reducing the torque and speed in the range of drilling requirements is conducive to improving the overall life of the spindle, and the life matrix and life distribution are consistent with the characteristics of S-N curve, which is consistent with the characteristics of high cyclic stress of the spindle. The research results can be used to reliably predict the life of the push-type rotary steering mandrel and simulate its working state with high precision. This data is critical for reliability analysis and design optimization.

The optimization of process parameters plays a critical role in controlling temperature and velocity fields during centrifugal casting, which is essential for mitigating shrinkage porosity defects caused by uneven cooling in thick walled bearing alloy layers. In this study, two sequential numerical models were devel-oped using ProCAST software to simulate gravity filling and centrifugal solidification stages. The effects of key parameters, including inlet cross-sectional area and centrifugal rotational speed, on flow field characteristics were systematically analyzed. By using an orthogonal experimental design, we deter-mined the optimal parameters: a melt temperature of 440 °C for the Babbitt alloy, an initial temperature of 280 °C for the bearing blank, a filling inlet diameter of 16 mm, and a rotational speed of 340 r/min. Bearing alloy layers manufactured according to these optimized parameters exhibit no evident shrinkage or cracks on their surfaces. The high quality finished products meet the design requirements, thereby validating the accuracy of the numerical simulation.

Design of a Casting Die made of aluminium alloy components using CATIA software is described in the article. Computer aided design and construction is necessary for the creation of each part. A lot of tools are implemented in the CATIA program. These tools are used to design cast parts easily. A few aspects are necessary for this technology. To achieve a quality fine-grained structure without porosity and the oxide inclusions, a possibility to observe the casting, solidification, tempering, easy creation of core and cavity, possibility of rapid design whole mould. This factors influence efficiency of construction, quality of the product and production economy. Use of CAx technologies is necessary to meet the requirements [7]. Simulation in some simulating program occurred before this construction. These programs work on basis of Navier-Stokes law and law of conservation of momentum [4]. Combination of these products influences efficiency, productivity and financial expenses.

The work presents the possibilities of using the thermomechanical analysis to design composite systems with carbon fibers, which should have a low coefficient of longitudinal thermal expansion will be potentially valuable in the form of calibrated length gauges. ChS Epoxy 520 epoxy resin (hardener T0492) was used as a matrix for composite production. Carbon fibers were tested in the form of short recycled fibers and continuous fibers in roving and fabric. The values of the coefficient of longitudinal thermal expansion of all prepared systems were determined below the glass transition temperature of the polymer matrix in the temperature range of 5º to 40ºC, i.e., in the range suitable for use in technical practice. From the obtained results, it is evident that carbon fibers significantly influence the epoxy matrix behavior. The coefficients of longitudinal thermal expansion of the epoxy resin in this temperature range from 47.6 to 65.2 [10-6 /K], the coefficients of the composite system with recycled carbon fibers with a random arrangement from 38.6 to 47.6 [10-6/K], coefficients of systems with a parallel array of fibers from to 3.4 to 2.7 [10-6/K] for carbon fibers in the form of roving and 4.3 to 2.0 [10-6/K] for carbon fibers in fabric form.

Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V fabricated using Selective Laser Melting (SLM) has gained significant attention in biomedical and aerospace applications due to its superior mechanical properties and design flexibility. However, its machining characteristics, particularly in milling, remain challenging due to the material's hardness and thermal conductivity. This study investigates the milling performance of SLM-manufactured Ti6Al4V by optimizing surface roughness using the Taguchi method. An L9 orthogonal array was employed, considering spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut as control factors. Surface roughness measurements were analyzed using Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratios, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results indicate that spindle speed significantly affects surface roughness, contributing over 83.67% of the total variation. The optimized milling parameters resulted in a notable improvement in surface quality, highlighting the effectiveness of the Taguchi method in achieving better machinability for additively manufactured titanium alloys. This study offers useful insights to improve the milling process of SLM-made Ti6Al4V, helping boost performance in industrial use.

Fused silica is a key material for high-precision applications such as micro-optics and microfluidics. One route to improving direct laser writing (DLW) of fused silica is the use of shorter laser wavelengths, which enable tighter focusing and enhanced absorption. In this study, the influence of process parameters on surface quality and material removal during DLW using a deep ultraviolet (DUV) ultrafast laser (257 nm, 1 ps) was investigated. A full-factorial design of the experiment was used to identify conditions that optimise both surface quality and ablation efficiency. Surface roughness as low as Sa ≈ 200 nm and material removal rates up to 0.048 mm³∙min-1 were achieved. Conditions that led to surface degradation were also identified. Finally, the optimised parameters were applied to fabricate a microfluidic demonstrator. These results confirm that DUV ultrafast DLW is a powerful technique for fabricating high-fidelity features in fused silica with exceptional precision and quality that can be used for micro-optics or microfluidics devices.

The given paper deals with the defects propagation in car tires for passenger vehicles under dynamic loading. The occurrence of defects has the significant influence on the lifetime and quality of the tire, especially during its operation as a part of the vehicle. The given defects are closely connected with a safety in road traffic. The aim of the study was to carry out a non-destructive analysis of the car tire for the purpose to analyze the defects propagation as well as to introduce the defects classification and their location along with the whole course of rupture as a result of increasing speed, loading and the number of hours or kilometers driven. During the analysis, we used a non-destructive method for detecting defects using a non-destructive analyzer that works on the principle of shearography. The experimental measurement was carried out for 12 car tires. The measurement results are displayed from the non-destructive analyzer in the form of protocols from measurement and video display. The evaluation of the results of the measurement for the propagation of defects is displayed graphically. In relation to the tire casing, the analysis of the defects propagation can help design engineers to solve critical issues by choosing the right material, modifying dimensions of individual components or even by redesigning the overall construction of the tire casing and thus to increase the safety from the as-pect of vehicle operation.

Casting with a disposable pattern is a method employed to produce intricate-shaped castings. This manufacturing technique falls into the near-net shape methods category, which ensures that the result-ing castings closely resemble the final components. Its primary application lies in industries where pre-cision and complex castings are of paramount importance. Typically, castings manufactured using this method utilize higher-cost materials. The focus of this study centres on the utilization of reverse engi-neering in the production, modification, and inspection of wax injection moulds during the casting pro-cess. Within the scope of this investigation, a non-contact method employing the Kreon arm with the Aqulion scanner was implemented. This method facilitated the generation of a digital scan, serving as the foundation for designing and validating the mould for subsequent practical application.

Detection system of infrared thermography technology was designed, taking a non-refrigeration focal plane infrared camera and the pulse flash heating system with high energy as the core. Combining with the performance parameters and structure features of the hardware equipment, integrated control system was designed. Meantime, the cover and reflector for the detection system were fabricated, which improved the uniformity and the utilization rate of energy for the thermal excitation source of the flash lamp. Based on the Delphi program, control, acquisition, processing and analysis system for the infrared image sequence were developed. And defect identification software was also researched which could implement the quantitative calculation and analysis for the parameters of defect size, location, perimeter, area and depth. Finally, experiments for metal and composite with flat bottom defects were carried out by the use of the detection system proposed in this study. The results show that the detection system has the advantages of well controllable performance, convenient operation, perfect detection effect, powerful image processing functions, which can meet the testing demand for engineering application.