Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2025 (vol. 25), issue 6
Determining the Force Required to Remove a Screw from a Human Vertebra
Patrik Balcar, Petr Vachata, Martin Svoboda, Jan Lodin, Michal Lattner, Antonín Svoboda, Edita Pichlová
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):721-727 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.080 
The article describes a pilot experiment of mechanical testing of 3D printed vertebrae with an inserted screw. The main goal of this work was to verify the design of a measurement methodology for experimentally determining the mechanical properties of vertebrae produced using 3D printing and also for determining the load-bearing capacity of a screw when it is drilled into a vertebra. The work describes the construction of a special fixture with which it is possible to clamp test samples for tensile testing. The stud screws were pulled out of a real or printed vertebra using a tearing machine. Testing was performed on porcine and 3D printed vertebrae....
Tensile Behaviour of Zn–Mg Heterostructured Materials for Biodegradable Implant Applications
Anna Boukalová, David Nečas, Drahomír Dvorský, Jan Šťovíček, Jan Pokorný, Jiří Kubásek
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):728-734 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.078
Biodegradable zinc-based alloys have recently attracted attention as promising candidates for temporary implant applications due to their favourable corrosion behaviour and biocompatibility. In this study, three materials — pure Zn, Zn–1Mg alloy, and a Zn + Zn–1Mg composite — were fabricated via powder metallurgy and extrusion to evaluate their microstructural characteristics and tensile performance. The composite material was designed to combine ductile Zn regions with a reinforcing Zn–1Mg network, aiming to achieve a balance of strength and ductility. Microstructural analysis revealed coarse-grained Zn regions surrounded...
Characterization of microstructure and defects in the Ti-6Al-4V alloy produced by 3D printing SLM technology
Kateřina Caldová, Andrea Školáková, Jan Pinc, Dalibor Vojtěch
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):735-741 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.083
The Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely used as a material for medical implants. In the future, it may be employed for 3D printing using the selective laser melting method. The advantages of 3D printing are for example production of complex shapes or ability to create customized implants. One of the disadvantages of this method is the deterioration of mechanical properties, particularly the ductility of the alloy, caused by high residual stress resulting from rapid cooling during printing. This article aims to characterize the microstructure and defects of the printed alloy and the impact of hot isostatic pressing. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy,...
Heat Treatment-Induced Microstructural Changes in Selectively Laser Melted AlSi10Mg Alloy
Alice Chlupová, Jakub Poloprudský, Michal Jambor, Jaromír Brůža, Ladislav Poczklán, Jiří Man
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):742-750 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.077
The study examines the effect of various post-processing heat treatments on the microstructural evolution and hardness of the AlSi10Mg alloy produced by selective laser melting (SLM). The alloy was examined in the as-built (AB) condition and after three heat treatment regimes: direct aging (DA, 160°C/5 h), stress relieving (SR, 300°C/2 h), and solution annealing followed by artificial aging (SA, 520°C/2 h + 170°C/4 h) to better understand the solidification and consolidation processes. A multiscale characterization using OM, SEM, EBSD, TEM, and EDS was performed to reveal the changes in specific microstructures due to additive manufacturing and different...
Comparison and Verification of Stress Measurement Results Using the Barkhausen Effect during Three-Point Bending
Tomasz Domański, Wiesława Piekarska, Milan Saga, Zbigniew Saternus, Marcin Kubiak, Milan Vasko
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):751-757 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.084
Non-destructive stress measurement techniques are extremely important and are still being developed in engineering research and diagnostics of materials. They allow for a quick assessment of their condition without damaging the structure. Their development is crucial for the safety of structures and extending the life of materials. One of the new methods is the measurement of stress using the Barkhausen effect. The MagStress 5d device was used for the tests. In this work, stress measurements were performed using the MagStress 5D device during three-point bending of a steel flat bar. The results were verified using resistance strain gauges and numerical...
Numerical and Experimental Study into forming of the longitudinal Externally Spline Sleeves by internally rotary Ballizing Process
Ayman Ali Abd-Eltwab, Emad A. Fahmy, Mohamed N. El-Sheikh, Ahmed M.I. Abu-Oqail, Hammad T. Elmetwally, Eman S. M. Abd-Elhalim
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):758-770 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.076
longitudinal externally splined parts have garnered increasing attention due to their critical role in power transmission across various industrial applications. This study explores the use of the internally rotating ballizing technique for manufacturing these components. The process was analyzed both experimentally and numerically through a mathematical model. The experimental investigation focused on key process parameters, including die rotational speed (50, 63, 80, 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, and 315 rpm), axial feed rate (0.13, 0.15, 0.18, and 0.21 mm/rev), interference between the balls and the tubular sample (cross in-feed: 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5...
Sinterhardening Process of Lean Cr-Mo Prealloyed Steel for Moderately Loaded Applications
Dmitriy Koblik, Miroslava Ťavodová, Monika Vargová, Richard Hnilica, Nataša Náprstková
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):771-777 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.082
The article deals with sinterhardening process of lean Cr-Mo prealloyed steel for moderately loaded applications. New material Astaloy CrS with low alloying volume of chromium and molybdenum was analyzed as possible basis for sinterhardening process. Standard mechanical properties of frequently used and more expensive materials such as DistaloyDH and Astaloy CrM are chosen as a compara-tive criterion. Astaloy CrS+0.85%C samples with different compaction densities and Ni content were studied, mechanical properties and hardness after sinterhardening process were compared. The influ-ence of additional high-temperature sintering on mechanical properties...
Innovative Design of a Transtibial Prosthetic Socket through Integration of QFD, Reverse Engineering, and 3D Printing
Rosnani Ginting, Aulia Ishak, Fadylla Ramadhani Putri Nasution, Rinaldi Silalahi
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):778-787 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.085
This study focuses on addressing the challenges faced by individuals with physical disabilities, particu-larly lower body impairments, by developing a stump socket using Reverse Engineering (RE), 3D Printing, and QFD. The integration of these three methods is something new in product design devel-opment, especially prosthetic products. The research adopted a three-step methodology: 3D scanning the stump, obtaining precise measurements, and fabricating a stump socket using fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. QFD will produce technical requirements (TR) derived from consumer needs and brainstorming with prosthetists. TR will be the basis for...
Formation of TiO2 Hollow Nanoparticles Studied by in Situ TEM
Nikoleta Štaffenová, Lucia Bajtošová, Elena Chochoľaková, Jan Hanuš, Miroslav Cieslar
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):788-793 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.079
Hollow TiO₂ architectures are attractive for catalysis and sensing but typically produced by wet-chemical templating and sub-micron sizes. Here we demonstrate a dry, template-free route to nanoscale hollow shells by combining DC magnetron sputtering with in situ TEM heating. Heating to 900 °C produces sub-50 nm TiO₂ hollow shells with ~20 nm compact walls via oxidation-driven Kirkendall hollowing. The oxide evolves from amorphous at low temperature to anatase locally (~500 °C) and then to a rutile/brookite mixture by ~600 °C. The hollow architecture withstands a temperature of 900 °C without measurable sintering. Beam-off regions and ex-situ...
Study on the Molding Process of Corncob/Chitosan Composites
Yuping Xia, Zhe Luo
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(6):794-806 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.081
In order to address the pollution caused by petroleum-based plastics and increase the added value of agricultural waste, this study aims to develop an environmentally friendly wood composite material using agricultural waste corncob (CC) and biomass material chitosan (CS) as the matrix, and optimise its molding process to improve its physical and mechanical properties. Based on the single-factor test, the relatively optimal process parameters were preliminarily determined as follows: the CS concentration is 1.8%, the pressure is 25 MPa, and the temperature is 135 °C. At this time, the comprehensive properties of the material reach a density of 1.47...