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Results 91 to 120 of 221:

Investigation of the Tool Wear Progression in Parting Technology

Martin Drbal, Stepan Kolomy, Josef Sedlak, Jan Zouhar, Jiri Vitek

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(6):901-913 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.093

Parting-off stands as a fundamental method of turning, involving the cutting of the workpiece. The tool is most frequently a replaceable insert secured in a clamping bed. A pivotal set of observable metrics that ascertain the efficacy of a tool and its appropriateness for machining a specific material under defined cutting conditions is its durability. These durability parameters need to be determined for all new tools to ensure optimal performance and application in various machining scenarios. The primary objective of this research was analysis of the wear experienced by replaceable cutting inserts within the realm of parting technology. There were three distinct variants of replaceable cutting in-serts, all produced by esteemed manufacturer Dormer Pramet s.r.o. These cutting inserts were ap-plied in the parting process, consecutively machining two materials: bearing steel 100Cr6 and stainless steel 316L. The study not only encompasses the description of the cutting test procedure but also involves the meticulous execution of measurements and the subsequent analysis of the data procured from experimental activities. In the final phase of study, additional analyses are outlined to uncover the factors contributing to variations in certain obtained results. Those analyses, such as material or tool coatings analysis, provides more information about interplay between replaceable cutting inserts and the specific materials subjected to parting processes.

Analysis of the influence of surface condition on the corrosion behavior of alloy 2024

Iryna Hren, Sylvia Kusmierczak, Katarína Kurajdová, Milan Luňák

Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(5):603-611

Machining technology is a widely used chip technology designed for the production of segmented parts. It is widely used in almost all branches of industry, including the automotive industry. Here, the investigated alloy 2024 is widely used. A critical factor in the current design of many of these advanced systems is accurate knowledge of degradation behavior in the work environment in the context of surface condition after surface machining. If this environment causes surface discontinuities, they will significantly affect the life of the part. Corrosion behavior is considered to be an extremely critical factor due to its effect on the service life of the structure. Due to the many complexities that have developed in relation to surface condition and corrosion, little useful technical information is available. The aim of the article was to determine the effect of the surface condition on the corrosion behavior of alloy 2024. The chemical composition of the alloy was evaluated by spectral analysis. Furthermore, the samples were evaluated by confocal microscopy and the elemental distribution in the microstructure of the 2024 alloy was analyzed with emphasis on the Al2Cu phase distribution. The individual structural phases were performed using a scanning electron microscope with an EDS analyzer. This article is part of a larger experiment that will focus on the subsequent modification of this alloy, in order to change the microstructure and skin resistance of castings.

Influence of Stress State on the Yield Strength of Aluminium Alloy

Jiri Sobotka, Pavel Solfronk, David Korecek

Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(1):92-97 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.005

The basic mechanical properties of structural materials (e.g. yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, uniform and total ductility, anisotropy coefficient, etc.) represent fundamental material characteristics. These parameters are mostly detected by a static tensile test. From the stress state point of view, it is therefore a uniaxial tension stress state. However, the service load usually means acting of wide range of stress states. For this reason, the department of engineering technology at TUL developed a device enabling loading the sample by planar bi-axial loading with the possibility to change ratio of their loading. It is therefore possible to load the material from uniaxial tension to equi-biaxial stretching. The aim of this paper is to determine the change of one basic material mechanical properties (yield strength) based on the adjustment of various stress states - from the conventional uniaxial tensile stress state (static tensile test) to equi-biaxial stretching. The own evaluation is performed on the measured stress-strain curves for the tested aluminium alloy AA6111. The results can then be used not only to describe the effect of stress state on the deformation behaviour of tested material, but can also serve as input data in numerical simulations of forming technologies.

Increased Cutting Conditions when Machining Heat-resistant Steel Using Indexable Inserts

Pavel Dostal, Marek Sadilek, Lukas Kusnir, Karel Kouril, Robert Cep

Manufacturing Technology 2021, 21(5):592-599 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2021.079

The topic of the article is the increase of cutting conditions in the machining of heat-resistant steel using exchangeable inserts. The main part is the design of a new technology for machining one of the heat-resistant materials using replaceable inserts, including a discussion of any defects and economic evaluation. The aim is to reduce production costs and contribute to the elimination of production times. These modifications of technologies have a positive effect on the overall economy of produc-tion and the use of new methods in practice. Heat-resistant steels have found application in many branches of production, especially in the aerospace industry for jet engine components. Their specific properties need a more detailed examination of the optimal conditions for their processing.

Possibilities of modification of ploughshares used for winter maintenance of forest roads

Miroslava Ťavodová, Monika Vargová, Ladislav Falat

Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(6):834-844 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.111

The article presents partial results of research to increase the service life of snow ploughshares, which are used for winter maintenance of forest transport roads. The main working tool of vehicles - snow plough is the arrow ploughshare. It is made as a weldment. The contact tool, when in contact with the road, is the rake blade, which is subject to abrasive wear. The experiment consisted of analysing the current state of materials, designing and exploring such options that would ensure a longer ser-vice life of the blades. Welding material was designed to be applied to the base material of the blade. Furthermore, the HARDOX 450 was designed for the production of the whole ploughshare. The last design was welding HARDOX 450 with an electrode OK 48.00 with the base material steel 11 484. This proposal is presented in more detail in the article. The hardness of HBW, HV and HRC was measured on the samples and microscopic analysis was performed using light and electron microsco-py. The aim was to determine the quality of the connection of materials, mixing in the connection zone and comparison with the condition on the original blade. It is assumed that a suitable choice of welding electrode or a suitable choice of abrasion-resistant steel can achieve an effective increase in the life of the snow plougshare, whether from a technical or economic point of view.

Application of the Method of Planned Experiment for the Evaluation of the Surface Roughness Parameter Ra

Ľudmila Timárová, Alena Breznická, Beáta Kopiláková

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):348-353 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.043

The basic process of acquiring new knowledge is trial/experiment. We can define an experiment as a certain process that we prepare, organize and plan in order to know the object under investigation. Each experiment requires a multifaceted activity associated with professional knowledge, preparation of material security, espe-cially security with measuring devices and measurement methods for determining the correct (objective) measured values. Planning experiments and analyzing the obtained results are important stages in revealing the nature and course of the technological process. With the planned experiment, we try to create such con-ditions that the range of experiments is as small as possible, but the volume and form of information are of the highest quality. The article presents the method of the planned experiment and its use in industrial prac-tice. The mentioned methodology of the planned experiment is applied to the calculation of the mean arith-metic value of the surface roughness Ra depending on the cutting parameters. The advantage of this method is that it increases the accuracy of the obtained results, but mainly reduces the number of performed at-tempts.

Machinability of UMCo50 Cobalt Superalloy

Oskar Zemčík, Karel Kouřil, Martin Slaný, Jan Zouhar, Josef Sedlák, Štěpán Kolomý

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(6):949-957 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.082

Testing of machinability of the UMCo50 superalloy was carried out within the project following the actual production of the semi-finished product by casting. Turning was chosen as the machining method to minimize the effect of an interrupted cut. Considering the machinability of a hard-to-machine alloy, the cutting material with the fine-grained WC-Co carbide with the TiN/TiAlN gradient PVD coating was selected. The progression of cutting forces, chip formation and tool wear were evaluated. Images of the material structure of the semi-finished product and the resulting chips were taken. From the measured values, graphs of the dependence of the chip thickness ratio on the cutting speed and the Taylor´s dependence of the tool durability on the cutting speed were obtained. The aim of the experiment was selection and verification of suitable cutting conditions for efficient machining of this superalloy, especially the appropriate value of the cutting speed. The recommended value of the cutting speed was 50-70 m.min-1, while the tangential component of the cutting force was in the values usual for corrosion-resistant steels.

Identification of Residual Stresses after Machining a Gearwheel Made by Sintering Metal Powder

Peter Kozový, Michal Šajgalík, Mário Drbúl, Jozef Holubják, Jaromír Markovič, Richard Joch, Róbert Balšianka

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):468-474 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.054

SLS additive technology is an innovative method of metal components production, using a high material proportion. Currently, gearwheels are still one of the most used engineering parts, not only in the automotive, but also in other industries. For example, milling is used to reduce their weight, but the material can be distorted after this operation. The occurrence of cracks propagating in the transition region after induction hardening was the reason for conducting experiments with an alternative machining technology. The article deals with the identification of the influence of machining on residual stress change of a gearwheel made of sintered metal powder. The research focuses on the effect of boring on the residual stresses using a non-destructive measurement method using röntgene diffractometry.

Influence of Thermomechanical Processing Parameters on Selected Properties of B-post Made of 22MnB5 Steel

Sylvia Kusmierczak, Radek Srb

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(6):837-845 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.105

With regard to the current economic situation, which deals primarily with energy prices, companies are trying to find reserves within individual technologies. The automotive industry is still a very important industry. One of the ways to improve the material properties of a body part is thermomechanical processing. This is how the B-pillar, which serves as a safety structural element of the car, was processed. The presented article aims to investigate the influence of selected thermomechanical processing parameters on the resulting properties of a B-pillar made of high-strength steel 22MnB5. At the same time, energy saving in the given production process should be used in such a way that it is not at the expense of the quality of the component. Three kinds of experimental production processes with different parameters of thermomechanical processing of steel were proposed for scientific investigation. Based on these proposed processes, several pieces of B-pillars were produced and subjected to further investigation. Changes in material properties were monitored using hardness measurements and subsequently the resulting microstructure of the material was examined for each experimental post.

Investigation and Measurement of Nanomechanical Properties of the HSS Powder Metallurgy ASP2017 and ASP2055 Steels

Jana Escherová, Juraj Majerský, Jozef Majerík, Igor Barényi, Henrieta Chochlíková

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):143-152 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.022

The intention of the team of authors in the presented scientific article was experimental measurement with subsequent evaluation of nanomechanical properties of selected microstructural components of the investigated high-speed steels type ASP2017 and ASP2055 produced by powder metallurgy. The whole experiment was performed under laboratory conditions on an experimental apparatus called Hysitron TI 950 Triboindeneter. The used device is a part of the laboratory equipment of the Center for Diagnostics and Quality Testing of Materials. The proposed process of experimental research of the mentioned properties of PM steels was carried out precisely because of the relatively high require-ments for the use of this type of steel for the needs of special applications in the engineering industry. Therefore, the research of nanomechanical properties such as nanohardness H and the reduced and real Young's modulus Er and the Young's modulus of elasticity Es were therefore the subject of the authors' research. The authors proposed the use of a Berkovich geometry tip as a test or indentation body, respectively. In terms of the proposed structure of the article, the authors describe the current state of research from the assigned problem using database sources. The experimental part of their research already solves the obtained nanomechanical properties of individual components of the struc-ture of the tested PM steels, as well as the distribution of individual positions of indents. These were designed using so-called SPM scans (Scanning Probe Microscopy). Nanoindentation curves were generated from them using the Triboscan evaluation software. Based on the performed measurements and the Er obtained from them, and the Es was also calculated using mathematical relations. The authors graphically expressed the final values of nanomechanical quantities and described them in a discussion of the experiments.

Austenitic Steel AISI 304 under Static and Cyclic Loading

Veronika Chvalníková, Milan Uhríčik, Peter Palček, Martin Slezák, Lukáš Šikyňa, Petra Drimalová

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):623-629 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.086

Austenitic steels are among the most widely used materials in industries such as automotive, food, energy, chemical, etc. They are mainly used due to properties such as corrosion resistance, good strength, hardness, or weldability. Microstructural analysis was performed on a light microscope Neo-phot 32. AISI 304 austenitic steel has a microstructure formed by a large number of polyhedral austenite grains of different sizes. The steel microstructure, mechanical and fatigue properties, and areas of the plastic zone after the bending impact test were investigated. The surface hardness of samples was measured on a Zwick Roell ZHVμ microhardness measuring device using the Vickers method. After the bending impact test, fractures were formed with a significant deformation with a typical dimple morphology. The fatigue test, performed on a Zwick Roell resonant pulsator, monitored the plastic deformation causing changes in mechanical properties. Finally, fractographic evaluations of the fracture surfaces were performed on a Tescan Vega LMUII. scanning electron microscope.

Identification Method of Vibration Drilling Bit Wear State Based on Signal Im-aging and Deep Learning

Yingyu Du, Zhiyi Lu, Enquan Chang, Qinghua Li, Yaochen Shi

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):392-398 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.055

In vibration-assisted drilling, the wear state of the drill bit affects the processing quality of the hole. The traditional method of identifying the wear state of the drill bit adopts the method of packet de-composition, ignoring the timing characteristics of the signal. In this paper, the force and acoustic emission signals in vibration-assisted drilling are used. The Gram angle field converts the one-dimensional time series into a two-dimensional image, while retaining the trajectory of the time se-ries in the high-dimensional space. Based on the Graham difference field (GADF) image of force and AE, the Inception improved convolutional neural network (IN-CNN) is used to identify the wear state. The experiment proves that compared with the traditional convolutional neural network, BP neural network and support vector machine, the recognition rate of IN-CNN drill wear state based on GADF is 93.1 %, which is increased by 2.5 %, 10.6 % and 8.1 % respectively. It provides a reliable condition monitoring method for the state identification of the drill bit in semi-closed vibration-assisted machining, and has practical engineering significance for improving the machining accuracy and efficiency of composite equal-holes.

Research on Elastic Characteristics of Negative Pressure Rubber Isolator

Jianwei Wang, Jinlong Feng

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(6):1006-1012 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.115

Aiming at obtaining ultra-low kinematic stiffness and improving the isolation property of low frequency vibration, it is necessary to solve the coupling parameters and rated load of air negative pressure characteristics and rubber characteristics, in order to achieve an ideal elastic characteristic curve of air negative pressure spring. Firstly, the background and working principle of the negative pressure rubber isolation were introduced. In addition, the FEA model of isolator is built based on Mooney-Rivlin constitutive model of rubber. Furthermore, to testify the validity of the mathematical model, the static characteristic and simulation analysis of isolator are studied. The experimental data and characteristic curve of different negative pressure were obtained, the simulated results show a good agreement with those of corresponding experiments. Finally, they also illustrate the validity of the vibration isolation, which realizes better performance of low-frequency vibration isolation.

Effect on Surface Properties of H13 Mold Steel Cladding Layer by Scanning Strategy

Changlong Zhao, Junbao Yang, Ming Li, Qinxiang Zhao, Hongnan Ma, Xiaoyu Jia, Haifeng Zhang

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):380-390 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.035

Laser cladding technology is used to clad the surface layer of H13 mold steel with Ni60A metal powder coating to solve the failure problem. The study used JMatPro software to extract and fit the thermophysical property parameters of the substrate and the clad material, and then used ANSYS APDL software to qualitatively analyze the distribution of melt pool morphology, nodal temperature versus time course curve and residual stress magnitude during the laser cladding process. Based on the results of the minimum residual stress in the cladding, reasonable scan paths were derived for the preparation of metal coatings on the surface layer of the die steel. The results show that the maximum peak temperature of the cladding process is 2515°C using short path scanning. The cladding layer can form a good metallurgical bond with the substrate at this temperature, with a stress of 406.68 MPa in the scanning direction and 284.45 MPa perpendicular to the scanning direction, which is significantly smaller than the residual stresses of other scanning methods. The residual stress values for the different strategies are from largest to smallest: spiral scan > block scan > long path scan > short path scan.

Effect of Temperature and Deformation on the Stability of Retained Austenite in Closed-die Forgings from High-strength Martensitic Manganese-silicon Steels

Dagmar Bublíková, Hana Jirková, Adam Stehlík, Štěpán Jeníček

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):269-275 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.030

In advanced steels, retained austenite is an important phase in the final microstructure, which provides a favourable combination of strength and ductility. Advanced methods capable of achieving this include the Q-P process (Quenching and Partitioning). By this means, strength of around 2000 MPa and elongation of 10-15 % can be obtained. The main factors that determine whether retained austenite remains stable in the mar-tensitic matrix include its morphology, particle size and distribution. A closed-die forging was made from an experimental steel containing 0.42 % C, 2.45 % Mn, 2.09 % Si, 1.34 % Cr and 0.56 % Ni and Q-P processed. Based on previous data measured in a real-world process, two basic heat treatment sequences were created and tested on a thermomechanical simulator. The two sequences differed in the cooling rates. Upon heat treatment, a martensitic microstructure with a retained austenite content of 13-17 % was obtained. The ul-timate strength was in the range of 2100-2200 MPa with elongations A5mm 8-15 %. Austenite stability was tested by bringing the material to various temperatures (200, 300, 400, -18, -196 °C) and by cold forming at various strain rates (10-3, 10-1, 10 s-1). The volume fraction of carbon in austenite was calculated from the lattice parameters determined by X-ray diffraction.

Devising a Multi-camera Motion Capture and Processing System for Production Plant Monitoring and Operator’s Training in Virtual Reality

Joanna Gąbka

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):399-417 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.057

The paper presents work aimed at building practical applications of virtual reality (VR) in manufacturing environments. It contains studies of the optical properties of cameras and lenses aimed at the selection of an optimal set (camera, adapter, lens) for the realization of recordings and video transmissions in stereoscopic format for VR. In response to the increasing trend in the number of applications of VR systems in the industry, works have been initiated with the purpose of building a system levelling image noise identified thus far as an obstacle to the effective utilization of VR in production systems. It was considered that picture error correction can significantly increase an already big data stream from the recordings. Based on it, a set of parameter values was defined which determined the selection of study equipment. Three research areas were set: the verification of the optical correctness, the study of image defects and their correction and the determination of the maximum optical resolution and the achievable image parameters in various lighting and environmental conditions. An example was presented for the application of a projected system for the monitoring of undesirable events/movement at work stands and key areas of production halls as well as training in the high-risk production zones.

Research on the Application of Mirror Moulds for Masks

Weiwen Ye

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(6):1020-1030 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.111

Precision mirror mould CNC machining is a technology of great importance in industrial manufacturing. Precision mirror moulds are usually used to produce high-precision, high-quality parts and products, which are widely used in automotive manufacturing, aerospace, electronic equipment and other industries. However, the traditional mould polishing process often fails to meet the manufacturing needs of precision moulds, so the application of CNC machining technology has become an effective way to solve this problem. Through the use of CNC machine tools and computer control systems, etc., the detailed formulation of the process plan, so that precision mirror mould CNC machining can achieve high efficiency, accuracy and stability of the machining process, to improve the quality and productivity of the mirror mould. Therefore, the applied research on CNC machining of precision mirror mould is of great significance and economic value.

Overall Equipment Effectiveness-related Assembly Pattern Catalogue based on Machine Learning

Péter Dobra, János Jósvai

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):276-283 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.036

Nowadays, a lot of data is generated in production and also in the domain of assembly, from which different patterns can be extracted using machine learning methods with the support of data mining. With the help of the revealed patterns, the assembly operations and processes can be further opti-mized, thus the profit achieved can be increased. This article attempts to explore the patterns related to the most used Key Performance Indicator (KPI) in manufacturing, the Overall Equipment Effec-tiveness (OEE) metric. The patterns and relationships discovered will be sorted into Assembly Pattern Catalogue (APC). Firstly, a literature review demonstrates scientific relevance. Secondly, it examines the circumstances and methods of samples in the Manufacturing Execution System (MES) data source and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. In the third section, the detailed pattern catalogue is defined in the area of assembly. The novelty of the article is that beyond the generaliza-tion of patterns, it characterizes the pattern catalogue with mentioning practical industrial examples.

The Influence of Accelerated Electron Irradiation on the Change of Tribological Behavior of Polymeric Materials PET, PTFE & PE2000C

Lenka Bartosova, Marcel Kohutiar, Michal Krbata, Jana Escherova, Maros Eckert, Milan Jus

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):589-596 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.068

The presented work deals with the study of the effect of increasing the doses of irradiation by accel-erated electrons on the sliding properties of polymer materials. Due to the influence of radiation, sur-face roughness changes occur on the surface of the experimental materials, which lead to changes in the properties of the coefficient of friction on the selected polymer materials. Three types of polymer materials PET, PTFE and PE2000C were used for the experimental research, which, due to their properties, are used for different types of sliding products. A steel ball of G40 material was used as a pressure material, which moved along a linear path on which the load was increased from 10 N to 100 N. Electron beam accelerators with the conversion of electrons to X-rays combine the advantages of a high ability to penetrate gamma photons sources and high performance of electron beam devices. The application possibilities of the device are wide due to the dual mode of operation (electron beam or X-ray beam) and a wide range of applicable doses and also dose rates.

The Effect of Mixing the Additive Material with the Substrate During the Renovation of the Foundry Mold by TIG Welding Hardfacing

Jozef Sutka, Radoslav Konar

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):341-347 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.033

The article is focused on the effect of mixing the additional material with the substrate (base materi-al) on the properties of the weld metal during arc welding with TIG technology. The research is aimed at the use of arc welding with TIG technology in the repair of foundry molds. These are repairs of permanent steel foundry molds. The parts of the mold in contact with the liquid metal are subject-ed to heat-chemical-mechanical stress. This load causes mold wear, which causes a decrease in sur-face quality and a change in the dimensional accuracy of the casting. The main cause of wear on the functional surfaces of the mold cavity is tribological processes. From the study of professional works dealing with mold wear [5,11,22], it is clear that one of the main parameters for determining the in-tensity of wear is surface hardness. The theoretical part deals with wear and the factors that affect wear. The experimental part compares the properties of one, two, and three-layer TIG welds, specifi-cally the chemical composition, hardness, and coefficient of friction determined by the "ball-on-flat" method.

Method for Controlling Production Cost of Nano Ti-based Materials based on DMAIC

Aobing Wang, Haiyan Zhang, Xin Li, Xin Zhang, Wenjing Wang

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):354-365 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.039

In order to reduce the production cost of nano titanium based functional materials, a production cost control method of nano titanium based functional materials based on DMAIC is proposed in this paper. The DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) model was used to analyze the production of nanoTi-based functional materials and define the main factors affecting the production cost of nanoTi-based functional materials. The indicators for measuring the quali. The regression model was established to determine the main factors affecting the rod content and yield of nanoTi-based functional materials. The appropriate experiments were used to determine the best control conditions and to improve the technical parameters. Through the control methods of monitoring, coordination and improvement, the phased results are consolidated and improved. The experimental results show that the quality and yield of nanoTi-based functional materials are significantly im-proved after using this method, and the cost reduction of each production link is also significantly higher than that of the comparison method.

Effect of PWHT of X6Cr-NiNbN 25-20 Steel on the Evolution of the Sigma Phase during Creep Exposure at 700 °C

Jakub Rehorek

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(6):893-899 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.091

Superheaters and reheaters made of heat–resistant austenitic steels are being replaced in existing fos-sil fuel power plants to operate at Advanced Ultra Super Critical (A-USC) parameters of steam. New-ly developed and used high nickel content austenitic steels, such as in X6Cr NiNbN 25-20, are pre-dicted to significantly suppress the precipitation of a hazardous σ-phase during long-term creep expo-sure. The σ-phase causes premature failure of the component during creep, which is usually support-ed by a local change in hardness in the case of welded assemblies. Experimental results show that PWHT significantly improved reduction of area. However, for the PWHT specimen with a shorter exposure time of 15,712 hours, there was an acceleration in the precipitation of σ-phase particles dur-ing creep at 700 °C compared to the specimen in the AW state, after 20,557 hours.

Measuring the Quality of Driving Characteristics of a Passenger Car with Passive Shock Absorbers

Martin Svoboda, Milan Chalupa, Vít Černohlávek, Adam Švásta, Artur Meller, Václav Schmid

Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(1):118-126 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.023

The article deals with the quality of the driving characteristics of a passenger car with passive shock absorbers depending on the tire pressure. The work was solved using experimental methods using the AHS test bench. The main goal of the work was to assess the vehicle suspension system using acceleration sensors and pressures between the wheel and the road using shock absorber test benches using the EUSAMA and CAP methodology. The results of the work demonstrated the possibilities of using the measurement of acceleration values in selected places in the vehicle. The obtained results were also verified for the possibilities of further development in the area of reducing the dynamic load when driving a passenger car on the road.

The Crack Analysis of Fatigue Tested Steel Construction

Zbynek Bunda, Ludmila Kucerova, Miloslav Kepka

Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):559-562 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/334.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/559

Laboratory fatigue testing is an important part of the fatigue design of machine components that are supposed to work under cyclic loading. These tests are used to confirm whether the tested component matches the required fatigue life and they also serve as a verification of the numerical calculations. This paper describes a fatigue life testing of a welded steel construction. The testing was carried out in the Regional Technological Institute (RTI) using an electro-hydraulic loading system, which allows realization of the tests simulating a real service. An integral part of the fatigue tests is a pre-scheduled inspection of the crack initiation and propagation. The tested construction was checked using non-destructive magnetic particle testing before the fatigue test and also during and after the performed test. Some cracks were observed, especially in the weld area. The biggest crack had the length of approximately 40 cm. This crack was cut out and underwent detailed metallographic and fractographic analysis to estimate the effect of material purity and quality of the weld on the fracture.

Influence of Heat Treatment Regime on Corrosion Resistance of Clad Aluminium Alloy

Sylvia Kusmierczak, Frantiska Peslova, Natasa Naprstkova

Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):624-631 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/345.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/624

Al-Cu-Mg based alloys are often used in the automotive industry. There are characterized by high strength characteristics but poor corrosion resistance, which appears to be problematic in this sector. The manufactured blanks of these alloys may be protected by some of the barrier protection methods, including cladding. Semi-finished products made of these methods can be protected against corrosion by a thin layer of aluminium oxides - called clad Durals. The surface layer creates a stable and durable Al2O3 layer, which provides corrosion resistance, which leads to an extended service life of the piece.
However, this type of protection is adversely affected by the effect of copper diffusion, which is dependent on the heat treatment mode of the alloy. Temperature and temperature hold are the main factors influencing the diffusion process. In the solution annealing of aluminium alloys, the temperature is in the range of (470-500) ° C, resulting in intense diffusion processes at the inter phases interfacial.
The paper deals with the analysis of the influence of the heat treatment regime on the corrosion resistance of Al2024 alloy sheets (AlCu4Mg1 type alloy) provided with an Al1050 alloy clad coating on both sides in a corrosive salt mist environment in accordance with EN ISO 9227, which is supposed to have a positive effect on extending the service life of a car component.

Predictive modelling and optimisation of surface roughness in turning of AISI 1050 steel using polynomial regression

Riad Harhout, Mohamed Gaceb, Sofiane Haddad, Salah Aguib, Benattia Bloul, Adelhamid Guebli

Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(5):591-602

Surface integrity plays an important role in the functional performance of mechanical components and is one of the most particular consumer requirements in machined parts. Customarily, surface roughness is considered to be the principal parameter in evaluating surface integrity and surface quality on machined parts and has a significant effect on service reliability and component durability. It is dependent on a large number of machining parameters, such as tool geometry (i.e. nose radius, edge geometry, rake angle, etc.) and cutting conditions (feed, cutting speed, depth of cut). The effects of these parameters have not however been adequately quantified. So in order to identify the optimum combination of cutting conditions corresponding to better roughness, accurate predictive models for surface roughness must, as a first step, be constructed. An investigation in this regard has been conducted to address the surface integrity optimisation and prediction issue by applying the polynomial regression method for a variety of experiments and cutting conditions. A higher correlation coefficient (R?) was obtained with a cubic regression model, which had a value of 0.9480 for Ra. The use of the response surface optimisation and composite desirability show that the optimal set of machining parameters values are (250m/min, 0.2398 mm/rev and 2.3383 mm) for cutting speed, feed and depth of cut, respectively. The optimised surface roughness parameter and productivity are Ra =2.7567 ?m and Q = 95.341*103 mm3/ min, respectively. Results show that the models developed can accurately predict the roughness on the basis of measured cutting conditions as input parameters, and can also be used to control the surface roughness by making a comparison between measured and estimated values. Furthermore, operators can benefit from the proposed models if the aim is the reverse determination of the cutting conditions corresponding to the requested roughness profile.

Effects of Heat Treatment on Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel

Karolína Burdová, Hana Jirková, Ludmila Kučerová, Ivana Zetková, Josef Mach

Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(3):261-266 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.042

The microstructure and mechanical properties of selectively laser melting (SLM)-manufactured 316L stainless steele were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing at ambient tempera-ture and Charpy impact test. These samples were compared with as-built samples. Following heat treatment conditions were used: 500 °C for 2/4 hours, 650 °C for 2 hours and 900 °C for 1 hour. Coo-ling took place in furnace and in furnace with opened valve. Compared to as built samples the heat treatment at lower temperature negatively influenced elongation but increased the amount of energy absorbed by material during fracture.

Perspectives of the Low Force Friction Welding Process

Paweł Żurawski

Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(5):633-643 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.067

The conventional solid-state friction welding process involves imparting a movement to one of them, bringing them closer together so that there is friction from the clamping force. By overcoming the frictional resistance on the surface of the workpieces, work converted into heat is generated. The obtained heat heats the elements to a temperature close to the melting point but not exceeding it. After stopping the movement in relation to each other, the process of pressing the elements with the force P with a greater force causes plasticization of the material and the formation of a flash. In low pressure friction welding, most of the heat required for the joining process comes from the induction coil. This means that two key process parameters such as friction time and contact force are significantly reduce. This affects the course of the process and the end result of the process of joining materials. The shape and size of the flash as well as the size of the heat-affected zone in the weld will change. Among the many advantages of this method of joining metals, one should mention the possibility of welding smaller parts, thin-walled, with complicated geometry, which the friction butt welding process would not be able to cope with. Additionally, there is a possibility of heat treatment. In order to verify the feasibility of the friction welding process with low pressure in industrial conditions, a number of tests presented in this study were carried out, together with the analysis of the results. A number of proposals for the optimization of low-force friction welding with the use of artificial intelligence have also been developed has also been developed. A simpler but less effective solution is application of neural networks. It is possible due to multiple digital recording and process automation parameters with digital recording and process automation This solution approach is not as productive as the proposed hybrid algorithm combining neural networks, fuzzy logic and genetic algorithmsThe hybrid method enables you to take advantages of all three algorithms in the position optimization.

Erosion Modelling of Structural Materials in the Working Space of Multistage Convective Dryers

Jan Krmela, Kristina Berladir, Oleksandr Pozovnyi, Nadiia Artyukhova

Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(3):307-318 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.044

The application of different structural materials to manufacture basic parts of drying units of various types was analyzed. It has been established that surface erosion of materials resulting from solid par-ticles' impact is a serious problem for many industrial equipment types using multiphase flow. It is shown that the value of the erosion rate depends on the local particle impact velocity and the impact angle and can be calculated using the software Ansys Fluent 18. The basic principles and criteria for selecting materials for the manufacture of chemical equipment were substantiated. The behavior of steel and polymer material for shelf contact of the convective dryer in the conditions of erosion wear was modeled, the comparative characteristic was made, further research was planned.

Technological Modernity Management in Anti-Corrosion Protection Processes

Renata Stasiak-Betlejewska

Manufacturing Technology 2022, 22(6):645-654 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2022.090

The article presents results of the use ABC method applied to technological machines modernity level assessment in anti-corrosion protection of steel structures. Research findings enables identifying and analysis of the technological modernity level of machines used in the anti-corrosion protection process that is crucial for the final quality of the process and product manufactured in the steel construction production. The paper proves effectiveness of using ABC method of the machines modernity level as-sessment in the analysis and improvement of the steel construction corrosion ensuring process.

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