Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):912-916 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/395.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/912

Possibilities of Using Tram Windscreen Impact Tests in Analysis of Human-Machine Accidents

Václav Bittner1,3, Roman Ježdík2, Petr Kubový1, František Lopot1, Ondřej Štoček1, Martin Havlíček1, Martin Svoboda4, Karel Jelen1
1 Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, José Martího 31, Prague 6 , Czech Republic
2 Research Institute of Railway Rolling Stock - VÚKV a.s., Bucharova 1314/8 Stodůlky, Prague 5, Czech Republic
3 Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec , Studentská 2, Liberec, Czech Republic
4 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 1, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic

The main aim of this article is to show the possibilities of using tram windscreen impact tests in the analysis of human-machine accidents. Empirical experience shows that these accidents especially affect the head, which is at the same time one of the most vulnerable parts of the human body. Windscreen safety testing follows ECE standards and, inter alia, involves collisions with a headform. With regards to numerical simulations, however, it is essential to be able to determine the material characteristics of windscreens. Here it seems to be advantageous in terms of validity, reliability and the economic cost of using collisions with a rigid body where only the glass absorbs all of the kinetic collision energy. The outcome of these tests is a waveform of the cont act force's magnitude as a function of deformation in the direction the force acts. Along with the time course of acceleration of the bumper and its kinetic energy on impact, this information can serve as boundary conditions to verify mathematical models.

Keywords: impact tests; human-machine accidents; tram; windscreen
Grants and funding:

Support by the project of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic TRIO FV20441 "Research and development of Safe Tram Front end" and Analysis of Pedestrian-Tram Accidents project – validation of simulation models, reg. No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_026/0008401.

Published: December 1, 2019  Show citation

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Bittner V, Ježdík R, Kubový P, Lopot F, Štoček O, Havlíček M, et al.. Possibilities of Using Tram Windscreen Impact Tests in Analysis of Human-Machine Accidents. Manufacturing Technology. 2019;19(6):912-916. doi: 10.21062/ujep/395.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/912.
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