Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2019 (vol. 19), issue 6
The Influence of Ionizing Beta Radiation on the Flammability Index and Ignition Temperature of Thermoplastic Materials
Martin Bednarik, Ales Mizera, Martin Ovsik
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):907-911 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/394.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/907 
Irradiation of polymeric materials is a modern method of modifying their final properties (for example, improvements in mechanical, thermal and chemical properties). The main used types of radiation to modify polymers include ionic and ionizing radiation. Due to its properties, ionization beta (electron) radiation is the most widely used. The interaction of ionizing radiation with polymeric materials manifests as radiation cross-linking, which is a result of recombination of migrating polymer radicals into the amorphous region. In this type of radiation, electrons are generated under high vacuum using a hot cathode. Electrons emitted from the cathode...
Possibilities of Using Tram Windscreen Impact Tests in Analysis of Human-Machine Accidents
Václav Bittner, Roman Ježdík, Petr Kubový, František Lopot, Ondřej Štoček, Martin Havlíček, Martin Svoboda, Karel Jelen
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):912-916 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/395.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/912
The main aim of this article is to show the possibilities of using tram windscreen impact tests in the analysis of human-machine accidents. Empirical experience shows that these accidents especially affect the head, which is at the same time one of the most vulnerable parts of the human body. Windscreen safety testing follows ECE standards and, inter alia, involves collisions with a headform. With regards to numerical simulations, however, it is essential to be able to determine the material characteristics of windscreens. Here it seems to be advantageous in terms of validity, reliability and the economic cost of using collisions with a rigid body...
Influence of Testing Method on the Course of Anisotropy Coefficient
Josef Bradac, Jiri Sobotka
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):917-922 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/396.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/917
The anisotropy coefficient rα [1] represents one of the main aspects of the materials deformation behavior, in addition to the basic material characteristics (such as e.g. yield strength, tensile ultimate strength, total ductility, uniform ductility). According to the standard, its value is calculated at a specific deformation value using the initial and actual measured length and width. However, modern materials testing methods offer the possibility to determinate its size throughout the deformation process that is however limited by the uniform ductility due to neck formation. In this paper, two such "modern" approaches are compared, where...
Research on Distribution Automation Based on Power Supply Reliability
Shuai Du
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):923-929 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/397.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/923
The development of economy can not be separated from sufficient energy supply. With the progress of technology, the distribution network gradually expands the capacity and transportation, but also brings security risks. The distribution automation system can effectively manage the power grid faults. This paper briefly introduced the calculation model of the economic cost and the reliability rate of the distribution automation, and then the assembly scheme of the distribution terminal was optimized by using the improved binary particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Next, the simulation analysis of the distribution terminal distribution on a 10KV...
The Application of DLC Coating on Convex-concave (C-C) Gearings
Ernest Gondár, Miroslav Bošanský, Juraj Rusnák, František Tóth, Jana Repková
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):930-935 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/398.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/930
This paper discusses the possibility of increasing the surface load capacity in C60E steel gearings by applying DLC thin coating. It describes the effect of tribological characteristics, such as friction coefficient, wear, adhesion and hardness of DLC coating on convex-concave gearing (C-C). The average thickness of DLC coating is 1.2 μm. Delamination of the DLC coating was recorded at a load of approximately 50 N. The friction coefficient of the DLC coating was 0.09. The nano-hardness of the DLC coating was 14.4 GPa. The results of the tests to scuffing on C-C gearings on the Niemann tester show that the DLC coating deposition occurred at load...
Effect of the Cascade Injection Molding on the Filling Behaviour
Martin Habrman, Karel Ráž, Tomáš Kalina
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):936-940 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/399.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/936
This paper deals with different ways of injection molding. A plastic part can be generally filled many ways. Use of more than one gate is common in a plastic industry. Cascade molding can affect the final properties of the product, especially by the number of gates, timing of closing - opening and by the order of individual gates. A simple plastic box is used as a reference part in this paper. It is a longitudinal part with one side longer than the others. There are ribs on the bottom side of the box. The injection system is located on the bottom side of the box. The filling process is considering five individual gates. All possible filling variants...
Microstructure and Properties of Polymer Composites
Jan Hajsman, Stepan Jenicek, Ludmila Kucerova, David Rieger
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):941-946 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/400.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/941
This work aimed to characterise microstructure and mechanical properties of polymer composite samples. The main task was to adapt the well-known techniques of metallography (i.e. sample preparation and microscopic examination) to documentation of multi-component polymer materials and to optimize the methods of light and electron microscopy for this particular purpose. There were several issues (e.g. low melting point, absence of electrical conductivity), which made the process different from metal samples preparation and observation and which needed to be addressed. Various mounting resins were tested for the samples to find the suitable one, then...
Influence of Strut Diameter and Building Direction on Strength of Lattice Structure
Pavel Hanzl, Ivana Zetková, Šárka Cajthamlová
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):947-951 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/401.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/947
Metal additive manufacturing provides an efficient way of processing metallic cellular structures. This relatively novel way of production is based on a powder bed which is melted using a powerful laser. Despite the advantages of this production technology, differences in geometry are observed between the CAD model and the manufactured structures. With this in mind, a series of thin struts were made and their geometry analysed using optical-scanning microscopy. Various building directions and strut diameters are studied. The effective stiffness of struts are measured and verified by tensile tests. The results point to higher strength of inclined struts...
Research on Hydraulic System Optimization of Loader Based on GA-BP
Zhang Hua, Zhao Lei, Chen Hua
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):952-958 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/402.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/952
Aiming to study the working efficiency and stability of the loader, the hydraulic system of the loader is studied. Taking the ZL50 loader as the research carrier, the working conditions of the loader and the working principle of the hydraulic system are analysed at first. AEMSim software is used to simulate and analyse the hy-draulic system, and the necessity of using the algorithm to optimize the hydraulic system is put forward. Secondly, the mathematical model of key hydraulic system optimization is deduced, and genetic algorithm and neural net-work algorithm are used to optimize the analysis of the objective function, and the simulation results...
Design and Dynamic Performance Study on Hydrostatic Lubrication System of High-speed Precision Roller Grinding Head
Wu Huai-chao, Zhao Li-mei, Yan Wen-meng, Xu Lei
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):959-965 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/403.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/959
To meet the need of high-speed steel roll grinding, a hydrostatic lubrication system for high-speed precision roller grinding head is designed and the dynamic performance of the system is simulated and analyzed in this study. The hydrostatic lubrication system was designed according to the lubrication characteristics of the eccentric sleeve and thrust bearing of the high-speed precision roller. Then the mathematical models of the main components of the system were established. And according to the schematic diagram of hydrostatic lubrication system, the dynamic performance of the lubrication system at high speed was simulated and tested. The simulation...
Treatment of High-strength CFB-QP Forged Parts by Stepwise Water Quenching
Štěpán Jeníček, Ivan Vorel, Michal Peković
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):966-972 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/404.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/966
The forging industry, and the production of high-strength forged parts in particular, saw no substantial progress in recent decades. High-strength parts continued to be made of well-tried steel grades which meet the economic and environmental production requirements, using mainly the conventional quenching and tempering. However, the latest findings in physical metallurgy of higher-silicon steels suggest that high-strength forgings can also be obtained by producing bainitic and martensitic microstructures. The first are of the CFB (carbide-free bainite) type and the latter comprise the QP (quenching-partitioning) microstructure. At greatly reduced...
Development of the New Generation of Clamping Jaws for Thermomechanical Simulator
Tomáš Kalina, Václav Marek
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):973-978 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/405.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/973
This paper presents a development and design of new multifunctional clamping jaws for thermomechanical simulator. In the article there is presented what the thermomechanical simulator is and what is it used for. The article also describes the requirements for the thermomechanical simulator jaws and how they were achieved. All important parts of which the thermomechanical simulator jaws are assembled and used are described in detail. Finally, thermal simulations of the jaws were performed under operating loads. This technical solution is protected as a utility model registered on The Industrial Property Office - Czech Republic.
Modelling of Roller-raceway Contacts in the Slewing Bearing Taking into Account Asymmetrical Load Transfer Through a Roller
Marek Krynke
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):979-983 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/406.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/979
During the operation, a slewing bearing is always subjected to a set of combined loads. It is the source of deformation of ball-raceway contacts, rings, and even supporting structures. In practice, deformation of rings and supporting structures is often neglected for simplification, that is, they are supposed to be ideally stiff. To take elasticity of rings and supporting (fixed) structures into consideration, the finite-element method (FEM) is applied. In slewing bearings, a great number of contact pairs are present on the contact surfaces between the rolling ele-ments and raceways of the bearing. In order to improve the computational efficiency of...
Effect of Edge Geometry on Cutting Forces in Face Milling with Different Feed Rates
János Kundrák, Angelos P. Markopoulos, Tamás Makkai, Nikolaos E. Karkalos
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):984-992 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/407.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/984
The fundamental goals of face milling such as high surface quality, dimensional accuracy and productivity can be attained by proper regulation of process parameters, mainly feed rate, depth of cut and cutting speed, but also by taking into consideration the particularities of workpiece material and by selecting the cutting insert with the appropriate geometrical characteristics such as angle κr, rake angle and nose radius. In the present study, the focus is set on the comparison of three different commonly used milling insert types, namely rectangular, round and square regarding cutting forces under various process conditions, with a view to quantitatively...
Formwork Support Design of Roof of Subway Interval Engineering Based on Finite Element Analysis
Sujuan Li
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):993-997 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/408.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/993
The design of the formwork support for a certain section of the Beijing subway project was carried out in this paper. And the disk lock formwork support was used in the engineering.It was analyzed on the the design of the formwork support for the roof with the thickness of 1.5m of the interval engineering. The manual calculation and the sap2000 finite element analysis were also used in the paper.The effect of the diagonal brace and its number were analyzed in addition to the design of the formwork support. It was showed that the axial force of the standing tube tends to be uneven with the increase of the number of slant bars in the framework. And the...
Collision between a Pedestrian and Tram - Pilot Experiment
Lopot, F., Kubový, P., Jelen, K., Šorfová, M., Tlapáková, E., Rulc, V., Purš, H., Ježdík, R., Svoboda, M.
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):998-1002 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/409.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/998
This article intends to present the first results of a long-term research project, which will result in developing a validated model of a pedestrian for the simulation of crash tests involving tram fronts and, where applicable, the fronts of other urban rail vehicles. The current phase of research includes results of the pilot experiment with a crash-test dummy, and these results supplement the results from simulations, thus demonstrating how important it is to pay special attention to the individual stages of a collision event and how important the localisation of and moulding by an individual tram's front panels are for the nature of the monitored...
Dynamic Analysis of the Crank Mechanism through the Numerical Solution
Marián Minárik, Ferdinand Bodnár
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):1003-1009 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/410.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/1003
Dynamic analysis of crank mechanism is realised by relaxation method, where a connecting rod is modelled with three manners. In the first case the connecting rod is modelled as a rigid body, in the second case this one is modelled with two mass points and in the third case the connecting rod is modelled with three mass points. Results of all manners of modelling are compared and evaluated.
Experimental Study and Optimization in Modified Air Abrasive Jet Machining on Nickel-233 Alloy Using MCDM Techniques
S. Rajendra Prasad, Dr. K.Ravindranath, Dr.M.L.S. Devakumar
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):1010-1019 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/411.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/1010
This paper demonstrates the new multi criterion decision making (MCDM) techniques were used, i.e. the weighted aggregated sum and product assessment (WASPAS) technique. This involves the modified air abrasive jet machining (MAAJM) of Nickel 233 alloy using carbide coated nozzle in 3mm dia with three responses are considered as against the process variables of injecting pressure, standoff distance, and abrasive mesh size. The optimal combination of MAAJM process parameter for simultaneous minimization of taper angle, surface roughness and maximization of MRR are injecting pressure of 0.686MPa, standoff distance 9mm and abrasive mesh size 400μm...
The Utilisation of Physical Diagrams for the Modelling of Electric Vehicle Charging
Vladislav Síťař, Tomáš Vysloužil
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):1020-1026 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/412.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/1020
The paper describes the utilisation of several physical diagrams for the modelling of chosen electric car charging in alternative simulation software for an electric power system. The description and evaluation of possible ways for modelling of electric vehicle charging with the results that are sutable for basic energetic analysis are performed, and for all cases given models are used in chosen simulation circuits. Modelling of electric vehicle charging becomes important with the increasing trend of used electric cars and installed charging stations. Electric vehicle charging represents the rising amount of loads with nonstandard behaviour which has...
Development of Simulation Model for the Propagation of Pressure Wave
Josef Soukup, Milan Žmindák, František Klimenda
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):1027-1033 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/413.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/1027
Detonation is a specific type of a rapid exothermic reaction, which always involves a detonation wave (in the explosive) and the shock wave (in the environment). Modelling of the pressure wave falls in the fluid flow and interference with obstacles in the flow. The purpose of this paper is to development of simulation model based on the finite element method (FEM) for shock wave propagation in air form the explosion of a spherical charge from TriNitroToluene (TNT) material. The air is the classical ideal gas and explosive material TNT is defined using Jones-Wilkins-Lee (JWL) equation. The computational model is 2D-dimensional model with four node axisymmetric...
Influence of the Damping System on the Vehicle Vibrations
Martin Svoboda, Václav Schmid, Milan Sapieta, Karel Jelen, František Lopot
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):1034-1040 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/414.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/1034
The aim of the work was to evaluate the whole system of the springs of a passenger car. The influence of inflation and the type of tires on the acceleration of the various parts of the car (axle, steering wheel, driver's seat attachment, body shell and acceleration affecting the driver) was investigated. The types of shock absorbers and springs of the passenger car were also examined. The sensors used acceleration and pressure sensors between the wheel and the road using test stands. The benefits and reserves of the individual systems were compared, and in the systems with the cushioning rigidity, all the suspension setups were evaluated. The work...
Analysis of the Increased Iron Content on the Corrosion Resistance of the AlSi7Mg0.3 Alloy Casting
Jaroslava Svobodova, Milan Lunak, Michal Lattner
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):1041-1046 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/415.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/1041
Aluminium alloys are, due to their properties, an important part of all shaped castings made especially for the aerospace and automotive industry. One of the widely used alloys, for the production of castings in the automotive industry, is the AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy. In the experiment, which is the content of this paper, two castings from AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy were tested. Iron is a common contaminant in aluminium alloys and its content in the alloy is increased by the use of secondary aluminium alloys or by various causes during the production process itself. In the experiment, the corrosion resistance of castings was evaluated (in one of them the increased...
Analysis of Amplitude Dependence of Internal Damping of AZ31 and AZ61 Alloys in Initial State and after Deformation
Milan Uhríčik, Zuzana Dresslerová, Peter Palček, Mária Chalupová, Patrícia Hanusová
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):1047-1053 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/416.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/1047
The article is focused on the analysis of amplitude dependence on the internal damping of magnesium alloys in initial state and after deformation. Resonance method, based on continuous excitation of oscillations of the specimen, was used in experimental measurements, with the entire apparatus vibrating at a frequency close to the resonance. The damping capacity, characterized by dissipation of mechanical energy, was examined in magnesium alloys of AZ31 and AZ61 type. These alloys have different contents of the main alloying elements and it is expected that they will have a significant impact on the measured course of amplitude dependencies of internal...
Economic Aspects of Robotization of Production Processes by Example of a Car Semi-trailers Manufacturer
Robert Ulewicz, Magdalena Mazur
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):1054-1059 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/417.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/1054
A constantly growing competition in world economy results in an increasing demand for solutions enhancing both the effiiency of enterprises and the quality of goods produced. A solution which meets both requirements is robotization of production processes, i. e. replacing human labour with the work of industrial robots on the positions where tasks are monotonous, onerous or dangerous. The paper presents the economic analysis of the use of robots in production processes, as well as its technological conditioning. On the example of robotization of processes in the enterprise producing semi-trailers, the method of calculating the re-turn on investment...
Tribological Mechanism in Chip Formation and Its Use to Improve Machining Process
Karol Vasilko
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):1060-1066 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/418.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/1060
It is a well-known fact that during cutting there occurs an extremely high degree of chip plastic deformation. These deformation structures require attention as they influence technical and economical results of cutting (cutting forces, quality of machined surface, tool wear, cutting temperature). Intensive friction between the tool and the chip as well as inside the deformed chip trigger the mechanism of plastic deformation. The paper analyses the mechanism and suggests the possibilities of its use to influence the deformation field inside the chip with the aim to improve cutting process.
Numerical Modal Analysis of the Turbo-jet Engine Rotor Blades
Ján Vavro, Ján Vavro jr., Marta Kianicová, Alena Vavrová, Beáta Pecušová
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):1067-1070 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/419.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/1067
The given paper is closely connected with the numerical modal analysis of eigenfrequencies and eigenshapes for turbine blades of the turbojet engine with the help of the mathematic modelling. The mathematic model was created in Pro-Engineer program and it was subsequently created to the ANSYS program in order to apply finite element method. Distribution of the stress in the turbine blades is presented in [Pa]. The presented results of the eigenshapes and distribution of the stress are obtained in the graphic form.
Cores Produced by Geopolymer Technology and Impact to Casting Quality in Comparison with PUR Cold Box Amin
Michal Vykoukal, Alois Burian, Markéta Přerovská, Milan Luňák, Štefan Kyselka
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):1071-1079 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/420.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/1071
The article deals with geopolymer binder system for core production, especially by dehydration technology and comparison with PUR cold box amin technology. A sodium-potassium type of geopolymer binder is the subject of the research. The goal of the article is the core production and observing of technological properties, storing cores, usage of refractory coating evaluating of properties during the pouring and decoring of casting. The main target of the experiment is casting quality. It was stated that the final surfaces are much more better than PUR cold box amin technology and the internal casting quality is the same, it means without inadmissible...
Research on Engine Speed Control System Based on Fuzzy Adaptive PID Controller
Hairui Wang, Lu Wang, Yongyi Liao, Hongwei Yang
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):1080-1087 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/421.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/1080
Traditional PID fails to meet the requirements in control precision and response speed while implementing a nonlinear control. Such problem can be easily solved by adaptive fuzzy PID, which indicates that the adaptive fuzzy PID will realize the precise control in engine speed control system, a typical nonlinear system. This paper first discusses the mathematical control model of diesel engine speed-control system and the characteristics of the traditional PID control. Then, the speed control principle of the adaptive fuzzy PID controller is analyzed. Besides, the membership function of fuzzy logical, the fuzzy logical variable and the fuzzy reasoning...
The Necessary Parameters Calculation for CSMC Mechanical Analysis
Xianewei Wang, Zhaoliang Wang, Qing He, Xiulian Li
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):1088-1093 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/422.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/1088
The Central Solenoid Model Coil is a hybrid superconducting coil being developed in Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences. The R&D of Central Solenoid Model Coil will lay the foundation for the fabrication of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor Central Solenoid coil. One of the main purposes during the R&D of Central Solenoid Model Coil is to verify its mechanical performance under the complicated load cases. In order to efficiently and accurately carry out the mechanical analysis, some necessary parameters such as the electromagnetic state under assembly error, the thermal contact resistance and the equivalent material...
Impact of Technological Parameters of CO2 Laser Cutting on oxide adhesion forces on the Base Material
Andrej Zrak, Szymon Tofil, Jozef Šutka, Ján Moravec
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(6):1094-1099 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/423.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/6/1094
The setting of laser cutting technology parameters affects the resulting state of the final surface. When cutting low-carbon steel using conventional parameters - oxidative cutting, surface oxide layers are formed on the cutting edges resulting from an exothermic reaction by burning material. The oxide layers are undesirable and can cause complications if the components so produced are further coated. The color coat creates an adhesion layer on the surface oxide, and when the oxide has low adhesion to the base material, the paint drops out of the surface with the oxide. Mechanical removal of oxide by grinding, punching or brushing is another manufacturing...