Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2020 (vol. 20), issue 4
Investigation into damaged gear of off-road motorcycles
Dagmar Bublíková, Hana Jirková, Kateřina Rubešová, Zbyněk Bunda
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):417-422 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.076 
If failure occurs in gear wheels in a racer motorcycle gearbox, the possible causes are manifold: inadequate material, improper care (poor lubrication, incorrect assembly) or inadequate thermochemical treatment procedure. This investigation focused on spur wheels of chromium-nickel Czech Standard (ČSN) 16720 steel containing 0.18 % C, 0.4 % Mn, 1.5 % Cr, 4.25 % Ni and 1 % W. The steel had been quenched to 60-62 HRC and the case hardening depth was 0.8 mm. The client requested that these wheels have a life of 100 hours. The failure occurred while the wheels were in operation. The fracture surfaces in the wheels were examined in a scanning electron microscope...
Effect of the cutting conditions on surface roughness during 5-axis grinding of Maraging steel MS1
Jindřich Farský, Miroslav Zetek, Tomáš Bakša, Dana Kubátová, Yuan Hu
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):423-428 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.070
This work deals with the effect of the cutting conditions and the spindle tilt on the surface roughness when grinding complex shaped surfaces of Maraging steel MS1 on an ANCA MX7 5-axis tool grinding machine. It is necessary to grind complex shaped surfaces where high surface quality is important and requested. For this experiment was selected a component with a complex shaped surface which was printed on the 3D printer machine from maraging steel MS1. Since grinding of complex surfaces is being investigated, it is necessary to use CAM software for creat-ing an NC program. The aim of this work is to study the effects of the cutting conditions on the...
Experimental analysis of the universal continuous digging machine working processes
Juraj Gerlici, Volodymyr Musiiko, Andrii Koval, Volodymyr Nikolaenko, Jurii Lazaruk, Tomas Lack, Kateryna Kravchenko
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):429-435 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.066
The article presents the results of experimental research on creating the mobile continuous earthmoving machin-ery. Methods for performing field experimental studies and measuring equipment used are described. The article shows the data of experimental research, their analysis, the determination of physical nature of changes in exter-nal load characteristics of the machinery operating equipment. The conducted experimental studies of modern mobile earthmoving machinery enabled to establish its technical capabilities, the characteristics of the power load of the operating equipment when developing the soil. It also enabled to determine the ways and directions...
Comparison of high strength steels with different aluminium and manganese contents using dilatometry
Jan Hajsman, Ludmila Kucerova, Karolina Burdova
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):436-441 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.060
In this paper, the properties of three low carbon steels containing different percentage of manganese (1.5 or 3 wt%) and aluminium (1.5 or 2 wt %) were tested using dilatometric analysis and metallog-raphy. The steels had chemical compositions typical for TRIP (Transformation induced plasticity) steels and the two steels with an increased manganese content already belonged to the third genera-tion of AHS (advanced high strength) steels. The dilatometric measurement was employed not only to determine the characteristic transformation temperatures but also to simulate the heat treatment procedure commonly used for TRIP steels. Resulting microstructures...
Lightweight design of milling cutter with modified stiffness
Pavel Hanzl, Vojtěch Rulc, Hynek Purš, Miroslav Zetek, Ivana Zetková
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):442-447 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.099
The conventional milling cutter design is based on a solid body. A cutter designed in this way has a guaranteed rigidity, but at the expense of tool dynamics. Computational methods of designing reduce the mass of a cutter in locations with lower stress density. This approach increases stiffness relative to the weight of the cutter. This paper analyses the benefits of modifications in the design of a lightweight cutter. The design uses an envelope of a con-ventional milling cutter that is filled by walls. Each modification changes the elasticity in different directions. These changes are monitored by displacements at the centre of the cutting inserts...
Experimental testing of basic crash elements made of CFRP by additive technologies
Tomáš Kalina, Stanislav Špirk, František Sedláček
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):448-452 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.092
This paper deals with the experimental testing of the basic crash element, which is made of PA6 with short carbon fiber reinforcement by additive technology. Additive technologies allow the production of very complex, thin-walled and hollow shapes, which can be used to tune the desired characteristics of the deformation member. The variable size of the deceleration, the length of the deformed portion and the total amount of energy absorbed can be controlled by suitable geometry. The initial impact peaks can be reduced by gradually changing the geometry. Experimental testing of basic crash elements was performed on several specimens and average values...
Application of genetic algorithm methods for water turbine blade shape optimization
Martin Kantor, Milan Chalupa, Jiří Souček, Eva Bílková, Petr Nowak
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):453-458 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.072
The use of modern production techniques such as 3D printing brings new requirements for shaping ma-chine parts. In the case of the production of the runner blades of Kaplan micro-turbine using 3D printing technology from plastic, the emphasis is on the mechanical properties of the blade and hydraulic proper-ties of the entire turbine. Achieving the required parameters is conditioned by finding a suitable shape of the runner. Therefore the design, virtual testing, optimization and evaluation process is automated. The paper describes the whole process where virtual testing of hydraulic parameters is performed by CFD simulations, and the methods of genetic...
Preparation of the Ti-Al-Si with the Low Content of Silicon by Powder Metallurgy
Anna Knaislová, Jiří Linhart, Pavel Novák, Filip Průša
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):459-462 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.084
Ti-Al-Si alloys are among the most promising intermetallics, which show a combination of low density and good oxidation resistance. These positives predetermine Ti-Al-Si alloys for applications in the au-tomotive and aerospace industries. In the future, they could substitute existing materials for high-temperature applications (stainless steels, and especially nickel alloys), that high density significantly limits their application. The use of intermetallic compounds based on Ti-Al-Si would therefore lead in particular to a reduction of the weight of the structures, which is highly desirable in the aerospace indus-try. Due to the lightweight construction,...
Examination of surface wear on the timing chain tensioner depending on the engine oil contamination
Petra Kováčiková, Andrej Dubec, Daniela Koštialiková, Mariana Janeková
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):463-467 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.078
The given paper deals with the wear of the tensioner which is produced from aluminium alloy and used of the motorcycle timing chain. This component was made due to the unavailability on the spare parts market. The AlMgSi1 alloy was chosen for this purpose, taking into account the requirements for producing of the tensioner. After production, the tensioner was put into operation where its functionality was regularly controlled. The suitability of the selected material was checked after the tensioner was removed. Possible damages and structural changes in the material were assessed using a scanning thermoemission electron microscope. Detection of the...
Investigation of the Convection Drying Process in a Multistage Apparatus with a Differential Thermal Regime
Jan Krmela, Nadiia Artyukhova, Artem Artyukhov
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):468-473 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.062
This paper describes a search for an optimal organization of the drying agent motion in the convection dryers. An overview of the main methods on how to reduce the energy consumption for the convection drying of the disperse materials is presented. The use of the multistage shelf apparatuses with a differential thermal regime for the con-vection drying of the disperse materials is justified. The work contains the results of a computer modeling on de-termining the drying temperature and moisture characteristics with the use of various methods of the organization of the drying agent motion. The model is realized implementing the author?s software product...
High-Speed Sharpening and Thermo-activated Refinement of Blade Tools from Synthetic Diamonds
János Kundrák, Vladimir Fedorovich, Angelos P. Markopoulos, Dmitry Romashov, Ivan Pyzhov
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):474-483 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.083
Processing of synthetic diamonds is accompanied by low productivity and high values of relative con-sumption of diamond wheels. The coefficient of use of diamond grains in these processes does not exceed 5-10%. Using synthetic diamonds as a blade tool, requires sharpening and refinement. This study proposes to use ultra-high-speed machining modes and the same diamond grinding wheel at all stages of tool shaping. At the first stage, i.e. at high speeds, a rough productive sharpening of dia-mond blade tool is made with a wheel on an iron-based binder. At the second stage processing speed is reduced, as a result grains cease to self-sharpen and to wear...
Microstructural characterization and optimization of the ZnMg0.8(CaO)0.26 alloy processed by ball milling and subsequent extrusion
Jan Pinc, Andrea Školáková, Petr Veřtát, Jaroslav Čapek, Zuzana Žofková, Lenka Rieszová, Stanislav Habr, Dalibor Vojtěch
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):484-491 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.085
Zinc is one of the most promising elements for the preparation of biodegradable metallic implants. Despite low mechanical performance for load-bearing applications, the degradation characteristics of pure zinc belong to the best from all significant biodegradable metals (Zn, Mg, Fe). The enhancement of the mechanical properties is often reached using various methods of material processing, leading to grain refinement and subsequent enhancement of the mechanical properties. In this study, the microstructure, phase composition and the possible mechanisms of intermetallic phase formation in the ZnMgCaO alloy prepared by high energy ball milling and consolidated...
Topological Optimization of a Supporting Part of a 3D Printer Pad
Martin Pollak, Jakub Kascak, Monika Torokova, Marek Kocisko, Jozef Dobransky
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):492-499 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.067
Generative design is one of the most promising means of new product development in the world. It allows formation of organic structures that brings various benefits, e.g. in the form of savings of material and production costs. Generative design includes several types of technology, topological optimization included. The paper addresses the technology of topological optimization implemented on the support part of the 3D printing pad. The result of optimization is the creation of a new, more suitable design concept through the Altair Inspire optimization software.
Identification of the cause of damage to the firefighter ladder
Filip Průša, Vít Jonák, Angelina Strakošová, Karel Doubrava, Miroslav Španiel, Václav Vystrčil, Dalibor Vojtěch
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):500-506 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.068
Two extendable firefighter ladders, both made of AA 6063 alloy, has been destructively tested accord-ingly to the ČSN EN ISO 1147 to determine the maximal load before their failure. For this purpose, two brand new ladders with a complex profile were compared to the 5-year old one with a far simpler profile. It was found, that the new ladder broke already at a load of 366 (365 kg) while the 5-year old ladder could withstand a much higher load of 426 kg. Since both the ladders broke nearby the guides acting as a mechanical support for their extension, it was of high interest to investigate the cause of different behaviour. Considering the fact, that...
Aspects of Selective Laser Melting technology considered in the preparation of trabecular structures for bone tissue substitution
Michaela Roudnicka, Dalibor Vojtech, Matej Daniel
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):507-515 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.065
In this paper, the possibilities of selective laser melting (SLM), one of metal additive manufacturing technologies, in the preparation of trabecular structures are discussed. Despite great advantages in geometrical freedom, there are specific process-inherent aspects that must be considered before the production of such structures. To verify SLM capabilities, we tested different orientations (horizontal and vertical) and thicknesses (0.2-4.0 mm) of single struts. Significant irregularities in strut thickness and deviations from the designed cross-sectional area were observed. Horizontal struts showed greater geometrical deviations. Based on our observations,...
Influence of Si and Cu content on tempering and properties of 54SiCr6 steel
Pavel Salvetr, Zbyšek Nový, Aleksandr Gokhman, Jakub Kotous, Jan Zmeko, Petr Motyčka, Jaromír Dlouhý
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):516-520 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.079
The 54SiCr6 steel belongs to spring steels which excel high strength and at the same time reaches high values of reduction of area and sufficient value of elongation. Nowadays, new methods are searched and examined how to get better properties from materials, higher strength and toughness, longer fatigue resistance or better corrosion properties. In the case of silicon-chromium spring steels, innovative heat treatments are investigated such as quenching and partitioning which enables to achieve higher ductility of steel due to higher content of retained austenite. The way of modification of the chemical composition of the 54SiCr6 steel was chosen in...
The influence of thermal history on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlSi8Cu2Fe alloy
Jan Šerák, Dalibor Vojtěch, Cyril Šimon
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):521-526 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.071
In this work the influence of cyclic thermal tistory on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlSi8Cu2Fe alloy was studied. The commercial aluminum alloy was subjected to a special heat treatment dur-ing which the alloy repeatedly changed from a liquid to a semi-solid state. During this process, samples were taken, and the castings were subjected to another study. Gradual changes in the microstructure, chemical com-position of the alloy, hardness and mechanical properties under pressure at normal temperatures have been documented. With the increasing number of cycles, the content of alloying elements, especially magnesium, decreased significantly,...
Simulation Models of Production Plants as a Tool for Implementation of the Digital Twin Concept into Production
Erika Sujová, Daniela Vysloužilová, Helena Čierna, Roman Bambura
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):527-533 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.064
The aim of the paper is to introduce the digital twin concept as part of the Industry 4.0 strategy. In the form of a case study, the procedure and outputs of the simulation of a specific production plant to-gether with its intermediate storage and output for the next plant are presented. In the research part is presented a simulation model of production lines and intermediate stock with material flow represen-tation. At the beginning of the research the analysis of production and logistics processes was carried out. The next part describes the programming methods used to record and redirect material flows between individual lines and stock. The simulation...
Changes in Steam Pipeline Properties after Long-term Exposure
Jaroslava Svobodova, Libor Benes, Jaroslav Brabec
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):534-537 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.104
The article deals with a practical problem solution of the steel 15 128 steam pipeline properties change after prolonged exposure. Steam pipelines made of steel are stressed for a long time at higher temperatures and pressures and under conditions that are not constant throughout the pipeline operation. During operation, it occurs in the degradation processes, which are accompanied by changes in structure and mechanical properties. In terms of mechanical properties, it is mainly important the impact strength. The paper examines steam pipeline after long-term exploitation and results from microstructure evaluation, fractographic analysis, and comparison...
Influence of CMM scanning speed and inspected feature size on an accuracy of size and form measurement
Jan Urban, Libor Beranek, Michal Koptiš, Jan Šimota, Ondřej Košťák
Manufacturing Technology 2020, 20(4):538-544 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2020.074
Modern production systems requires high effectivity and flexibility with always increasing demands for precision as an imperative for more efficient components. The same apply for quality inspection providing data for feedback regu-lation of production processes. CMMs (coordinate measuring machines) which are flexible and universal in use yet very accurate and easy to automate are a standard mean for quality inspection. With many sensors available on the market, central fixed scanning heads with tactile scanning probes are a reference equipment for inspection of precise production of engine and transmission components. Tactile probes are right choice...