Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2019 (vol. 19), issue 4
Experimental Study of Copper Alloys by Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry
Dana Bakošová
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):547-551 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/332.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/547 
Electronic Speckle Pattern interferometry (ESPI) is a non-destructive optical method for studying surface deformations. It relies on the interference between diffusely reflected light from the test object and a reference beam. This is one of the most sensitive interferometric technique, so that we can measure sub-micron level displacements either in plane or out of plane. In this study, experimental investigation of vibration behaviour of square copper alloys plates by electronic speckle pattern interferometry is employed. Resonant frequencies and corresponding mode shape are obtained experimentally using the introduced method. Frequencies of resonant...
Effect of Zr on Selected Properties and Porosity of AlSi9Cu1Mg Alloy for the Purpose of Production of High-precision Castings
Dana Bolibruchová, Michal Kuriš, Marek Matejka
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):552-558 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/333.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/552
The effect of Zr was assessed on changes in the mechanical properties of the alloy under investigation by the addition of Zr with a graduated increase by 0.05 wt. % Zr. Experimental samples were cast into ceramic molds, half of which were hardened by precipitation after casting. The measured values indicate an improvement in the mechanical properties, especially in experimental alloys containing Zr ≥ 0.20 wt. %. In the evaluation of Rm, the most significant improvement occurred in the experimental alloy with the addition of Zr 0.25 wt. % after heat treatment and E in the experimental alloy with the addition of Zr 0.20 wt. % after heat treatment,...
The Crack Analysis of Fatigue Tested Steel Construction
Zbynek Bunda, Ludmila Kucerova, Miloslav Kepka
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):559-562 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/334.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/559
Laboratory fatigue testing is an important part of the fatigue design of machine components that are supposed to work under cyclic loading. These tests are used to confirm whether the tested component matches the required fatigue life and they also serve as a verification of the numerical calculations. This paper describes a fatigue life testing of a welded steel construction. The testing was carried out in the Regional Technological Institute (RTI) using an electro-hydraulic loading system, which allows realization of the tests simulating a real service. An integral part of the fatigue tests is a pre-scheduled inspection of the crack initiation and...
Assessment of Surface Structure of Machined Surfaces
David Dobrocký, Zbyněk Studený, Zdeněk Pokorný, Zdeněk Joska, Petr Faltejsek
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):563-572 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/335.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/563
This paper deals with basic methodology of surface evaluation of functional surfaces, which were prepared by various machining methods (turning, milling and grinding). Here are the basic 2D (profile) parameters and 3D (spatial) parameters and their properties in relation to the machined surface. Parameters of machined surfaces were obtained by CCI Lite Coherence Correlation Interferometer from Taylor Hobson and evaluated using the TalyMap Platinum software. The article further demonstrates the inappropriateness of the surface structure assessment with only the parameter Ra (mean arithmetic deviation of the profile), which is the most common method...
Measuring the Performance Characteristics of a Motorcycle
Adam Hamberger, Milan Daňa
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):573-578 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/336.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/573
This work deals with an experiment, whose output is the comparison of power characteristics which were measured in three ways. The first way used a commercially manufactured dynamometer. For the second measurement, a special dynamometer with our own computing system and a sensor within this project was created. The last way of measuring the performance characteristics was done without a dynamometer. The measurement works on the principle of acceleration the spinning of a flywheel. Due to this, the measuring is called an acceleration test. The basic principles are described before the experiment in order to grasp the characteristics. All explanations...
Specially Designed Lattice Structure for Milling Cutter Supported by FEA
Pavel Hanzl, Ivana Zetková, Miroslav Zetek
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):579-582 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/337.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/579
Lattice structures are one way to reduce the weight of a component while respecting its strength requirements. These structures are based on cubic cells, therefore, they are not fully applicable to rotating parts which should be lightweight. This article particularly addresses this issue. A solution is sought for how to adapt lattice structures for a milling cutter. The final redesign of the topology allows a continuous flow of generated stress into the whole body of the cutter. Further, the solid part of the milling cutter is modified for Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) and the functionality of the optimised cutter is verified by Finite Element...
Influence of Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 42SiCr Steel after Q&P Process
Tomáš Janda, Hana Jirková, Štěpán Jeníček, Ludmila Kučerová
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):583-588 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/338.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/583
Using innovative methods of heat treatment (HT) for high-strength steels, such as the Q&P process, very favourable ratios of ductility and strength can be achieved. Materials processed by this technology have higher content of retained austenite, and therefore better ductility. This experiment deals with HT of 42SiCr steel. The conventional HT and the Q&P processing are compared with respect to material properties. Metallographic analysis, hardness measurement, X-ray diffraction phase analysis (of retained austenite content) and tensile testing were performed. For the hardened samples, the effects of the cooling rate on their microstructure...
The Investigation of the Influence of Modern Coating Applied to the Cutting Inserts During Machining
Ales Jaros, Josef Sedlak, Petr Jasek, Jozef Majerik, Igor Barenyi, Jan Bezecny
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):589-595 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/339.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/589
This article deals with benefits of PVD and CVD coatings applied to cutting inserts during face milling technology. The coatings deposited on applied cutting inserts were used to extension the tool life. Machining process was carried out on the conventional vertical milling machine tool. This machining process was performed without coolant. The set up of cutting conditions were constant throughout the machining and low-alloy Cr-Mo steel DIN 42CrMoS4 (W. Nr. 1.7227) was used as workpiece material in the realized process of experiments. The aim of this investigation was to compare coated and uncoated changeable cutting inserts clamped in the milling...
Assessment of Selected Operating Characteristics of Polymer Composites with Non-Ferrous Materials Used in Friction Pairs
Jerzy Józwik
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):596-603 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/340.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/596
The paper investigates selected operating characteristics of polymer composites used in friction pairs. Eight polymer composites were investigated: PE with MoS2, PTFE with graphite, PPS with glass fibre, PA6-G with mineral oil, POM with aluminium, PTFE with MoS2, PTFE with bronze and PEEK with glass fibre. Results of hardness, compressive strength and porosity of the analysed composite materials are presented. The paper also presents test results of the friction force, friction coefficient, temperature near the friction node, and linear wear. The results are plotted in diagrams and discussed in the context of friction and wear assessment of the tested...
Noise and Vibration Analysis of Conveyor Belt
Frantisek Klimenda, Josef Soukup, Jan Sterba
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):604-608 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/341.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/604
The article deals with the measurement of conveyor belt noise and vibration. The conveyor belt was supported on six rollers fixed on three plates of stand, return and drive drum. These six rollers were produced in two sets (convectional tube and accurate tube). Rollers were driven by a rubber belt. The noise was measured and evaluated on both sides of the conveyor. Vibration of the conveyor was measured at four locations of the conveyor construction. All measurements were performed in an unloaded condition. In conclusion of the article is a summary and evaluation of all measurements. The vibration of the conveyor is comparable in both cases, however,...
Microscopic Evaluation of Cast Iron with Flake Shape of Graphite
Petra Kováčiková, Andrej Dubec, Ján Vavro
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):609-612 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/342.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/609
This paper deals with investigation of vibration damping properties of grey iron by means of modal analysis in SolidWorks software environment. Modal analysis is accompanied by material study of metal matrix and graphite particles evaluation. Grey iron is one of the most used cast materials, in relation to good damping properties and high pressure strength. To obtain the required mechanical properties it is necessary that the graphitic particles be evenly distributed in the metal matrix and had the optimum size and shape. Flake shape of graphite decrease tensile strength of grey iron, but a suitable method of inoculation, it can cause an increase of...
Influence of Production Parameters on the Properties of 3D Printed Magnesium Alloy Mg-4Y-3RE-Zr (WE43)
Patrícia Krištofová, Michaela Roudnická, Jiří Kubásek, David Paloušek, Jan Suchý, Dalibor Vojtěch
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):613-618 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/343.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/6013
This paper reports on the influence of production parameters on the properties of 3D printed magnesium alloy Mg-4Y-3RE-Zr (WE43) produced by the selective laser melting method. We present microstructures and mechanical properties of four selected samples prepared under various production parameters. Optical and scanning electron microscopy together with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry were used for microstructure analysis. Porosity was evaluated based on image analysis. To represent differences in mechanical properties, microhardness measurement and compression tests were performed. Based on our observations of microstructure quality and performed...
Corrosion Resistance of Low Temperature Plasma Nitrided X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 Martensitic Stainless Steel
David Kusmič, Petr Faltejsek
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):619-623 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/344.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/619
This paper deals with affecting of corrosion resistance of X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 martensitic stainless steel after plasma nitriding. This steel was subjected to plasma nitriding at lower temperature of 400 °C for 15 h in the reverse nitriding atmosphere 1H2:3N2 (l/h), tested and then compared to untreated one. The microstructure and microhardness of the untreated and nitrided stainless steel were evaluated. The anodic potentiodynamic polarization tests in neutral 2.5% NaCl deaerated solution were executed and the corrosion properties of the untreated and plasma nitrided steel samples were evaluated. The results showed a nitride layer, consisting of nitrogen...
Influence of Heat Treatment Regime on Corrosion Resistance of Clad Aluminium Alloy
Sylvia Kusmierczak, Frantiska Peslova, Natasa Naprstkova
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):624-631 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/345.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/624
Al-Cu-Mg based alloys are often used in the automotive industry. There are characterized by high strength characteristics but poor corrosion resistance, which appears to be problematic in this sector. The manufactured blanks of these alloys may be protected by some of the barrier protection methods, including cladding. Semi-finished products made of these methods can be protected against corrosion by a thin layer of aluminium oxides - called clad Durals. The surface layer creates a stable and durable Al2O3 layer, which provides corrosion resistance, which leads to an extended service life of the piece.However, this type of protection is adversely...
Zinc-based Degradable Biomaterials - Limitations and Enhancements
Tomáš Lovaši, Jan Pinc, Ilona Voňavková
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):632-636 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/346.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/632
Nowadays there is a high trend and effort to find a suitable biodegradable metal, whose mechanical properties would be the same or higher to those of currently used biomaterials. Current biomaterials, such as stainless steels, cobalt-chromium alloys, and titanium alloys have superior mechanical properties, machinability, and durability, but are considered nondegradable, and long-term clinical complications may occur. Their biggest disadvantage is that the patient must have undergone a second removal surgery. Therefore, new biodegradable materials have been developed to eliminate the shortcomings of current biomaterials. Magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and...
Residual Stresses and Cracks in Forgings of Heat-treatable Aluminium Alloys
Jan Luštinec, Vladivoj Očenášek
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):637-643 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/347.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/637
The heat treatment of the heat-treatable aluminium alloy forgings includes cooling from the solutionising temperature. After heat treatment, residual stresses remain in the forging, which are due to temperature gradients during cooling. The effect of these residual stresses on the forging properties can be significantly influenced by other technological operations, including artificial aging, machining, and surface treatments. The influence of the surrounding environment can also play an important role. Because in connection with the residual stresses after heat treatment we often encounter cracks in forgings, this paper is devoted to an overview of...
Microstructure Study of the Stainless Steel Layer on AlSi Cast Alloy Prepared by Laser Deposition
Štefan Michna, Iryna Hren, Lenka Michnová, Michal Lattner
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):644-646 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/348.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/644
The main aim of this study is structural changes on the layer of Al-Si cast alloy by laser austenitic stainless steel 17 246 deposition. In order to remelt the Al-Si alloy surface the laser of 1, 9 kW has been used for facing area, and 1.6 kW for the edge. The linear laser scan rate of the beam was set 450 mm.min-1 for facing area, and for the edge 550 mm.min-1. We observed that the thin surface made of austenitic stainless steel had a lot of splits. The purpose of this study is also to enhance inherent properties of the surface materials to create new product or improve on existing one.
Effect of Waterjet Machining Parameters on Cut Quality of Polymeric Composite Materials Based on Biological Reinforcement in Form of Cotton Post-harvest Line Residues
Miroslav Müller, Viktor Kolář, Petr Valášek
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):647-654 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/349.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/647
Composite materials are prospective materials. An intensive research on biological reinforced composite materials has taken place in recent years. The paper deals with utilization of just this biological filler in an area of the composite materials based on a synthetic laminating resin. A microparticle and short-fibre filler based on cotton post-harvest line residues was used within the research. Many research studies devote to an evaluation of mechanical properties and an interaction of the filler and the matrix. Also a production of a final product is an integral part of the composite material development, namely in terms of a practical application....
Prediction of Foaming Process in the Production of Aluminium Foams
Iva Nová, Jiří Sobotka, Karel Fraňa, Pavel Solfronk, David Koreček, Iva Nováková
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):655-659 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/350.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/655
The paper deals with the physical-chemical effects of a blowing agent on production the cellular metal systems (in this case aluminium foams). Based on the isothermal concertation and pressure curves for the H-Ti system and by using the maximum gas volume obtained from equation of state, there was applied the blowing agent to 1 kg of AlSi12 aluminium alloy. Moreover, using relation to determine aluminium foam relative density (ρ REL) from alloy AlSi12, there was done prediction to determine density of 1 kg metal foam from AlSi12 alloy at different blowing agent contents from 0.1 up to 1.5 wt% of titanium hydride TiH 2. These isothermal calculations...
Fe-Al-Si coatings for the Protection of Steel Against High-temperature Oxidation
Pavel Novák, Abir Lamchaouri, Kateřina Nová, Filip Průša
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):660-663 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/351.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/660
Fe-Al-Si alloys based on Fe-Al, Fe-Si and ternary Fe-Al-Si phases have been recently proved as the materials highly resistant to high-temperature oxidation. However, high brittleness limits their application as bulk materials. Therefore this work aims to test them as the protective coatings for the carbon steel and to test the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the coated samples. The coatings by FeAl32, FeAl35Si5 and FeAl20Si20 alloys were produced uncoventionally by the combination of mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. It has been shown that the best resistance against the oxidation in the air at 800 °C was reached in the case...
Effect of Hydraulic Oil Entering the Cutting Fluid on the Tool Life and Roughness in Turning of Stainless Steel
Alexey Popov, Mikhail Khramenkov
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):664-667 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/352.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/664
The use of cutting fluid should positively influence on the quality of the machined surfaces and durability of cutting tools. However, during the machining the oil from the hydraulic system of the machine often gets into the cutting fluid, which can alter the properties of the cutting fluid. In scientific literature there is no information about the effect of the hydraulic oil entering the cutting fluid on the tool life and roughness in turning. In this regard, at the laboratory of the Department of Machining and Assembly of the Technical University of Liberec, there has been conducted a study to ascertain the effects of hydraulic oil getting into...
Differences in the Response of Additively Manufactured Titanium Alloy to Heat Treatment - Comparison between SLM and EBM
Michaela Roudnicka, Michal Misurak, Dalibor Vojtech
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):668-673 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/353.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/668
Additive manufacturing (AM) of metals is expanding and already starts to reach industrial scale. Among many different technologies of AM, powder-bed technologies are the most widespread as they provide the highest resolution and so the widest options in the production of complex parts. Selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) both belong to this technological group. In this paper, we describe the differences between these two technologies on the example of titanium alloy production. Due to different material states in the as-built condition, the material shows a different response to heat treatment. We depict the differences by...
Formation of Intermetallics Layers in Ni-Ti System Prepared by Direct Energy Deposition
Pavel Salvetr, Jaroslav Vavřík, Andrea Školáková, Pavel Novák
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):674-679 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/354.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/674
The Ni-Ti alloys with approximately equiatomic chemical composition are one of the most important materials from the shape memory alloys. Excellent properties such as shape memory effect and superelasticity are based on the phase transformation between austenite and martensite structure of the NiTi phase. In the past the investigation of the preparation methods was focused on melting metallurgy - vacuum induction melting and arc re-melting and powder metallurgy routes like self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, hot isostatic pressing and spark plasma sintering. In the last several years importance of the additive manufacturing has increased significantly....
The Preparation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by a Self-combustion Method
Ondřej Seibert, Jan Grégr, Pavel Kejzlar
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):680-684 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/355.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/680
This paper deals with problematic of preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles according to a self-combustion method. Iron oxide nanoparticles can be used e.g. for catalysators and gas sensors or in MRI. The Self-combustion method is based on rapid chemical reaction between a fuel and iron oxide precursor. Glycine, urea and citric acid were used as fuels and iron nitrate nonahydrate was used as an iron oxide precursor. The self-combustion method doesn't require any special equipment, is environment-friendly due to minimize pollution and the results are easily reproducible. The shape, size, and phase of resulting particles were investigated studied using...
Influence of Sn, Pb, Bi and Sb on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Commercial AlSi8Cu2 Alloy
Jan Šerák, Dalibor Vojtěch, Matěj Reiser
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):685-691 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/356.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/685
In this work the influence of selected elements (Sn, Pb, Bi and Sb) on microstructure and mechanical properties of commercial AlSi8Cu2 alloy at four different temperatures (20, 100, 200, 300 and 350 ° C) was studied. The influence of individual elements and their combinations was studied. The content of elements in the range of 0.1-1 wt% was studied. Significant influence of these elements was found from 0.5% content especially at elevated temperatures.
Measurement of the Anisotropy Coefficient Development in Dependence on Deformation
Jiri Sobotka, Josef Bradáč
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):692-699 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/357.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/692
There are a lot of basic material characteristics that can generally describe the behavior of material. Among them, anisotropy coefficient rα [1] represents a very important material parameter - especially in the area of metal forming. Acc. to standard is such quantity determined as width and thickness strain values under the given magnitude of deformation. It means that anisotropy coefficient rα is always determined at one point (magnitude of deformation). In this paper was applied the contact -less optical system ARAMIS to determine values of rα through the whole static tensile test - more precisely from yield strength up to uniform...
Microhardness and Nano-hardness Measurement of Composite Coatings Applied to Aluminium Substrate
Jaroslava Svobodová, Irena Lysoňková, Miroslav Krejčí
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):700-705 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/358.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/700
In recent years, significant success has been achieved in surface treatment research, particularly in the field of physics, which deals with the surface properties of metals and their alloys, as well as new methods of coating preparation and thin films. These coatings and layers can modify material properties, i.e. increase oxidation and corrosion resistance, and improve frictional surface characteristics and other physical properties (e.g. electronics and optics). This article focuses on the mechanical properties of the coating, in particular on the hardness of composite PTFE coatings with WC micro and nano particles. In the experiment, samples of...
Proposal of Use of Welded Joints EN AW-6082 for Adapters of Forest Technic
Miroslava Ťavodová, Michaela Hnilicová, Tomáš Švantner
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):706-711 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/359.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/706
Forestry is characterized by a diversity of natural conditions, which need to be adapted not only to the selection and application of technological processes, but also to the materials used in the construction of individual parts of the equipment. The article deals with the possibility of replacing steel elements with aluminium ones for selected parts of the adapter frame designed for liquidation of forest fires. The aim is to achieve a gradual reduction in its total weight. The aluminium sheet AlSiMgMn EN AW-6082 was selected a replacement for the steel parts. The filler material was solid wire AlMg5Cr. Welding was performed by the MIG method. The...
Turning with Linear Tangential Tool Shift and Its Results
Karol Vasilko
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):712-717 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/360.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/712
Machining, mainly turning, si characterised by the highest labour input among the technological methods. This leads to the conditin when, for instance, in line production at hammering power press, which produces forginngs in the stroke of 1 second, tens of lathes follow and their gradual turning with the stroke of tens of seconds up to minutes. Whole history of material machining has been lead with the effort to shorten machining time by the improvement of cutting materials, tool geometry, integration of machining of several workpiece areas in one stroke, etc. The article analyzes an effectiv way to signaficantly sorten machine time, based on the application...
New Methodology for Evaluation and Project Management in Engineering
Daniela Vysloužilová, Karel Sellner
Manufacturing Technology 2019, 19(4):718-722 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/361.2019/a/1213-2489/MT/19/4/718
The goal of the proposed methodology is to manage and evaluate investments across the portfolio of projects in the company, with extra focus on selecting engineering projects into the portfolio. In order to design an objective methodology, several analyses were conducted to verify a general validity of the methodology. The starting point is using methods which allow a high degree of flexibility in solving problems. The ANP method is suitable for the determination of priorities in network systems with different types of dependencies between the elements of the system. The DEMATEL method is used in this methodology to formulate the structure of relationships...