Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2013 (vol. 13), issue 2
Properties of Briquettes from Paper Waste
Milan Brozek
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):138-142 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/138 
Worldwide increasing energy demand is today permanently covered by a majority of non-renewable energy sources, namely by coal, crude oil and natural gas. This causes the rapid decline of their reserves and the time gets near when they will be run out. Therefore in last years the exploitation of renewable energy sources is permanently preferred. One of alternative fuel forms is the fuel on the basis of paper waste. In this paper the results of tests are published, which were carried out using five sorts of paper waste, pressed in form of briquettes. During the tests following briquettes parameters were watched: moisture content, ash amount, length and...
Hard Machinable Machining of Cobalt-based Superalloy
Robert Cep, Adam Janasek, Jana Petru, Lenka Cepova, Andrej Czan, Jan Valicek
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):142-147 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/142
The main aim is testing the basic properties of cobalt super alloys, under its own brand name HAYNES, marking No. 188, at machining and propose the most suitable cutting materials and machining parameters. The superalloys are developed for elevation of temperature service where relatively severe mechanical stressing is encountered and high surface stability is frequently required. The cobalt-based alloys have been in use for several decades in the manufacturing of various components. Although technology development rises in chipless machining such as moulding, precision casting and other manufacturing methods, the machining is still number one, at...
CRM as a competitive advantage
Helena Čierna, Lucia Bárdošová
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):147-152 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/147
In order to increase their own competitiveness, companies have to adapt to market conditions and factors that directly affect them - suppliers, competitors, customers. In particular, at present - in a society of excess, the issue of competitiveness is growing. Enterprises have only a limited amount of resources to serve them as a competitive advantage, and it is essential that they invest as efficiently as possible. The companies can implement this only if there is a full understanding of customer needs and the environment in which they carry out their business. Products are converging by their quality and characteristics, and no one can achieve a...
Nondestructive micromagnetic evaluation of surface damage after grinding
Mária Čilliková, Marián Mičúch, Miroslav Neslušan, Anna Mičietová
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):152-157 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/152
This paper deals with investigation of surface damage induced by grinding operation as a result of dry grinding through micromagnetic technique based on Barkhausen noise. This study presents information about wet and dry grinding and associated surface integrity expressed in such term as residual stresses, structure alterations beneath the ground surface and corresponding magnetoelastic responses. Lack of coolant or insufficient coolant supply can be found as a reason of surface burn during grinding. Therefore, this paper compare magnetoeslatic responses of surface obtained during wet and dry grinding. Results of experiment indicate that properly suggested...
Postprocessing of CL Data in CAD/CAM system Edgecam using the Constructor of postprocessors
Nadežda Čuboňová
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):158-164 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/158
Introduction into problems - the present CAD/CAM systems integrate part modelling and engineering design, proposal of technological documentation in the form of NC programs and operational management of production within a one computer system. Their utilization allows the programmer to create machining technology, to define the tool paths and to generate NC programs for very complex shape parts [7]. Final product of CAM system is CL Data files, which include all the steps of toolpaths and technological process. If we want to connect the information produced by the CAM system with the concrete CNC machine, we need to use NC postprocessor. Generator...
Application of Electron Scanning Microscope in the Analysis of the Structure of Casting Non-Conformities Aimed at Optimization of Technological Process Parameters
Czajkowska Agnieszka, Kossakowski Paweł, Wciślik Wiktor, Stasiak-Betlejewska Renata
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):164-169 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/164
The structural content of castings and non-conformities that might occur in pressure die casting is mainly connected with technological parameters. Analysis of the casting structure helps identify a group of causes of non-conformities which are connected with improper choice of technological parameters. The non-conformities identified in the pressure die castings discussed in the paper were analysed by means of metallographic examinations. A electron scanning microscope was used in the study for the analysis of the structure of casts. This analysis allowed for identification of the causes of e.g. shrinkage depressions or misruns. The analysis of the...
Increasing the accuracy of the effect of processing materials and cutting tool wear on the ploughing force values
Andrey Dugin, Alexey Popov
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):169-173 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/169
The determination of the ploughing forces is necessary for wear monitoring of the cutting tool in micro cutting. The extrapolation method on zero cut chip thickness is used very often to determine the ploughing forces. But there are many opponents of the extrapolation method on zero uncut thickness. The aim of this research was to increase the accuracy of determination of the ploughing force and to investigate the effect of processing materials and cutting tool wear on the ploughing force values. To achieve this aim was used the method comparing total forces at different flank levels of wear to determine the ploughing forces. The experiments were performed...
The GIST of Thermal Stresses of Cast Iron Castings
Peter Futáš, Imrich Jelč, Iveta Vasková, Gabriel Fedorko, Vieroslav Molnár, Peter Kačmáry
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):173-178 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/173
This paper deals with problems concerning to the lifetime of thermal-stressed castings used in general practice. It is necessary to know in details the purport of thermal-stress of cast iron as well as conditions of the thermal-stress (the level of operational temperature, or its fluctuations, i.e. thermal duty cycle) for the right choice of chemical composition and structure (macro and micro) of a material. The successful solution of this problem is now provided by means of computer (simulation programs), including optimization of construction of components (castings). It requires comprehensive theoretical analysis of the purport of the thermal stress...
Possibilities of prediction of service life of forming tools
Jiří Hrubý, Josef Rentka, Vladimíra Schindlerová, Lucie Krejčí, Xenie Ševčíková
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):178-181 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/178
The paper deals with stress of forming dies in complex conditions of concrete processes during their service life. Possibilities of assessment and prediction of tool service life based on comparative analysis of dynamic fatigue and abrasive wear are presented. Classical solution of dynamic fatigue is complemented by analysis of the situation of cyclic contact of rotating instruments. In this case super-position of cyclic pressure effect dominates, as well as abrasion on the surface of the functional surfaces of the rotating forming tool. Specific in this case is the different speed in the contact line and also the dynamics of development of size, shape...
Welding of Normalized Heat Treated Steels S355NL Large Thicknesses by Method FCAW
Marie Kolaříková, Ladislav Kolařík, Karel Kovanda, Rudolf Hrabina
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):181-188 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/181
Welding of thick plates of heat treated steels present difficulties, because of decrease of mechanical properties caused by welding heat input. At Welding Department of FME of CTU in Prague experiments researching influence of use cored wire on FCAW welding of thick plate welding was done. Plate of fine grained structural steel S355NL of thickness 50 mm used for crane fabrication was subjected to FCAW welding. Double-V butt joint was welded using flux cored wire (Coreweld 46 LS) as filler metal. The welded crane structure needs WPS certification, so WPQR tests were done. The paper presents welding procedures and results of non-destructive (visual,...
Surface Integrity in Notches Machining
Jan Madl, Vitezslav Razek, Vaclav Koutny, Jindrich Kafka
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):188-193 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/188
Precision machining and especially hard machining is a topic of high interest at present. Surface integrity requirements increase. Precision machining (mostly turning and milling) may substitute some abrasive operations. There are some advantages of precision machining over the abrasive machining. Abrasive machining has traditionally performed the finishing process of hardened steel. But, the availability of hard and super hard cutting tools enable the machine tools to reach surface quality of hard machining like to those obtained in grinding processes. But, precision machining is possible to apply also in machining common materials, not only hard...
Artificial Neural Network Application for Surface Roughness Prediction when Drilling Nickel Based Alloy
Ildikó Maňková, Marek Vrabeľ, Pavel Kovac
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):193-199 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/193
Article deals with design of appropriate artificial neural network for prediction of surface roughness as one of the very important indicators of machined surface quality. The drilling of nickel based super alloy UDIMET 720, was applied as test material. This type of material is most frequently used for jet engines components such as discs etc. Experimental data collected from tests were used as input parameters into neural network to identify the sensitivity among cutting conditions, tool wear and monitoring parameters and surface roughness. Selected parameters were used to design a suitable algorithm for control and monitoring of the drilling process...
Influence of surface geometry and structure after non-conventional methods of parting on the following milling operations
Anna Mičietová, Miroslav Neslušan, Mária Čilliková
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):199-204 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/199
This investigates influence of non-conventional methods of parting of steel 11 373.0 on structure transformations and associated geometry. Wire electro discharge machining (WEDM), plasma and laser cutting methods were used and compared as competitive methods from the point of view of structure transformations, associated geometry of a part and associated cutting forced produced during the following milling process. Results of this study indicate that significant differences can be found among the mentioned technology since the different thermal load of machined surface. Furthermore, structure and geometry alteration occurring after parting strongly...
Comparison of variables influence on adhesive bonds strength calculations
Miroslav Müller, Petr Valášek
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):205-210 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/205
In the sphere of the metal sheet bonding namely single overlapped adhesive bonds are used. Their production costs less and they confirm strength requirements in many cases. The great part of the single overlapped adhesive bonds research was focused on a geometrical setting of adhesive bonds, an adhesive layer thickness and on mechanical properties of adherents. The analysis of the adhesive bonds strength calculations is ignored. The calculations stated according to the standards are often simplified and they do not take into the regard an adhesive bonded material and an adhesive layer thickness. The aim of the research is to define if the adhesive...
Differences at the Surface Roughness by the ELID and Grinding Technology
Martin Novak, Hiroshi Kasuga, Hitoshi Ohmori
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):210-215 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/210
This paper deals with surface roughness and surface profile in high precision methods of materials finishing. One of them is ELID grinding process and the second method is fine grinding. There is surface profile and roughness compared of the three materials samples - carbide steel and two aluminium alloys. In the paper are shown the principle of the ELID grinding and fine grinding, results of surface measurement between ELID and ground surface. Both methods are very precision in the focus on surface roughness - measured units in nano scale. The paper shows also real topology of the surfaces and visible tool marks especially by the fine grinding method....
Using of the Virtual Reality Application with the Scanning Device Kinect for Manufacturing Processes Planning
Jozef Novak-Marcincin, Veronika Fecova, Jozef Barna, Miroslav Janak, Ludmila Novakova-Marcincinova
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):215-219 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/215
Introduction into problems - This article is focused on the area of virtual reality, in the concrete to the creation of application and its using. The applications are usually used with the expensive display devices and expensive motion tracking devices. For the application of virtual reality technology is currently available the several motion tracking devices, which have different prices. This contribution describes the using of application with the Kinect device, which is affordably priced. Kinect is a device that needn't for control any physical controller, because uses only the user's movements, which are transferred to the application. By using...
Selected Experimental Tests of Materials Used in Rapid Prototyping Area
Ludmila Novakova-Marcincinova, Jozef Novak-Marcincin, Jozef Torok, Jozef Barna
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):220-226 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/220
Introduction into problems - Rapid Prototyping (RP) presents the automatic production of physical parts using by additive manufacturing technology. The start techniques for Rapid Prototyping became available in the late 1980s and were used to produce models and prototype parts. Today they are used for a much wider range of applications and are even used to manufacture production-quality parts in relatively small numbers. Rapid Prototyping is widely used in the automotive, aerospace, medical, and consumer products industries. In this paper are presented selected experimental test of materials used in different Rapid Prototyping Technologies. Main part...
Development and applications of a rotating turning tool
Jozef Pilc, Karol Vasilko
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):226-231 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/226
Technical literature presents numerous experiments with rotary turning tools application. Their advantages include extremely high durability, better quality of the machined surface as well as good chip shaping. Their wider industrial utilization was prevented due to the fact that a bearing is extremely dynamically stressed by a cutting force. Antifriction bearings have to big sizes and cause oscillation in the system, while sliding bearings manifested short durability and slackness inside. The authors of the paper tried to solve the mentioned problem by the application of an adjustable tapered roller bearing, ensuring a stable machining process. The...
Tool Wear and Machinability of Wood-based Materials during Machining Process
Eva Šebelová, Josef Chladil
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):231-236 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/231
The article is focused on the machinability classification of wood-based materials resulting from experimental work targeted on the wear procedure of cutting edge. These types of materials are not currently classified into groups of machinability. Two representatives of the materials - laminated chipboard (DTD-L) and medium density fibreboard (MDF) were tested in the project. The process of material classification from the view point of machinability is well processed in engineering materials contrary to materials from wood processing. Experimental measurements were based on the determination of the radial tool wear. Tested materials were included...
The surface quality of materials after cutting by abrasive water jet evaluated by selected methods
Miroslava Ťavodová
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):236-241 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/236
Surface roughness is assessed on the basis of various criteria either qualitative or quantitative. The principle of qualitative methods is a subjective comparison of machined surface with the model (the standards) of the surface. The standard board is used, which corresponds to the type of surface technology, the type of an instrument, i.e. the way in which the surface was created. Its accuracy is not sufficient. Methods for expressing roughness numerically based on the defined parameters of roughness are classified as qualitative. Contact or non-contact measurement equipment is used here. Cutting material by abrasive water jet (AWJM) is one of the...
Polyurethane resins filled with inorganic waste particles
Petr Valášek, Miroslav Müller
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):241-247 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/241
Polyurethane resins belong to a group of polymers which can be easily filled with inorganic particles. Filling of the polymeric materials, either with particles or fibres, influences resulted properties of the arisen material - composite. The particle fillers can improve a wear resistance, they can optimize tensile characteristics and reduce the polymer price. The paper describes the polyurethane resin as a material recyclation bearer of the waste inorganic particles of the corundum, the artificial garnet and the silicon carbide. The experiment results certified that the mutual interaction of stated phases creates the wear resistant material which...
Analysis of geometric accuracy of turned workpieces
Karol Vasilko, Zuzana Murčinková
Manufacturing Technology 2013, 13(2):247-252 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2013/a/1213-2489/MT/13/2/247
Each construction of cutting machine tool activates geometric inaccuracies of the workpieces as a result of different stiffness of its joints. The acting of cutting force and the moving of its position leads to the deformation of the elastic joints of cutting machine tool and the elastic deformation of the workpiece appears. The aim is to maintain geometric modifications of the workpiece in required tolerances. The paper tries to identify these inaccuracies for case of a centre lathe.