Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2017 (vol. 17), issue 5

Impact of Contaminants in Motor Oil on the Wear of Aluminum Parts of the Internal Combustion Engine

Zdeněk Aleš, Jindřich Pavlů, Jaroslava Svobodová, Marián Kučera, Monika Hromasová, Martin Pexa

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):647-652 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/647  

The design of internal combustion engine use plain bearings, pistons and piston-rod which are based on aluminium, brass. Further are used steels with coating based on aluminium and bronze. The paper describes the impact of contaminants in motor oil on wear of materials, which are used in production of parts of internal combustion engine. Reichert tester M2 for evaluation the lubricity from Petrotest Company was used in order to assess ability of motor oils to create proper lubricating film. Reichert tester M2 belongs to a group of equipment simulating real frictional contact. Wear particles come into oil in lubrication system, where they cause contamination...

Improving the Tribological and Mechanical Properties of an Aluminium Substrate by Deposition of TiCN Coatings

Totka Bakalova, Nikolay Petkov, Hristo Bahchedzhiev, Pavel Kejzlar, Petr Louda, Marián Ďurák

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):652-658 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/652  

The article presents an investigation of the influence of coating deposition parameters, in particular a variation with 50% of both cathodic arc current and bias voltage, on the mechanical and tribological properties of TiCN coatings on an aluminium substrate deposited by the cathodic arc evaporation of metals at a constant gas flow ratio between C2H2 and N2 of 17.65 % / 82.35 %. The determined nanohardness values for the samples examined are in the range of 10 to 23 GPa. Surface morphology and chemical composition were estimated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) of SEM. The tribological behaviour of...

The SEM Investigation of Inconel 718 Fatigue Process at Various Loading Conditions

Juraj Belan, Michal Jambor, Lenka Kuchariková, Eva Tillová, Mária Chalupová, Miloš Matvija

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):658-665 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/658  

Fracture surfaces of specimens broken by cyclic loading provide valuable information about individual stages of fatigue process. Changes in the loading conditions (character of fatigue loading, stress amplitude level, influence of cycle asymmetry ratio R, testing temperature, environment of test, etc.) and in the structure of tested material as well cause changes in the fatigue process, whose have effect on fracture surface resulting in change of fatigue properties. In this paper, authors describe the changes of fatigue process of nickel base superalloy Inconel 718 as a result of loading conditions change using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) microfractography...

Phase Composition of Mechanically Alloyed Titanium and Iron Aluminides

Adriana Bernatiková, Filip Průša, Pavel Novák

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):665-668 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/665  

Aluminides belong in these days group of materials, which can be used as a good replacement of stainless steels, for whom they owe attractive mechanical properties, or nickel superalloys, which are too heavy. These materials are used in aerospace industry as well as in automotive industry. Good corrosion and oxidation resistance and high specific strenght even up to high temperatures predict them to be also used for high temperature applications. In this paper, mechanical alloying was used. During mechanical alloying differences between TiAl and FeAl systems were seen. Iron aluminide formed single phased structure, whereas titanium aluminide formed...

Evaluating the Attenuation in Ultrasonic Testing for AlSi Alloys Castings

Michal Bohacik, Milos Mician, Radoslav Konar

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):669-674 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/669  

This paper considers the assessment of attenuation in aluminium alloys castings prepared by gravity casting method and under pressure. The issue of ultrasound attenuation is important in setting the conditions of non-destructive testing, especially in casted materials. The characteristics of the ultrasonic technique, the calculation of the attenuation and the velocity of ultrasound are presented in the theoretical part of this paper. For experimental measurements, cylindrical castings from AlSi alloy were made. The ultrasonic records of the casting control, the calculation of ultrasound attenuation for individual samples as well as the microstructures...

Impact of the Elements Affecting the Negative Iron-Based Phases Morphology in Aluminium Alloys - Summary Results

Dana Bolibruchová, Marek Brůna

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):675-679 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/675  

The presented article includes a summary of the experimental works regarding the possibility of using and replacing more expensive primary alloys with secondary alloys. Although the use of secondary alloys is relatively widespread today, they are mostly used for the production of lower or medium quality castings, respectively with a low ratio of primary and secondary alloys. Experimental works was aimed at the additional processing of the secondary alloys by suitable methods or their combination, to achieve a secondary alloy with mechanical properties similar to the primary one, thus enabling the use of such an alloy to produce high-quality castings....

Influence of Moisture Content of Feedstock Materials on Briquettes Properties

Milan Brožek

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):680-685 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/680  

Current contribution contains of results of experimental measurements performed within the determination of initial raw feedstock materials moisture content and its influence on final properties of subsequently produced briquettes. A birch wood chips samples with five different moisture contents, specifically 5.0%, 7.6%, 16.7%, 19.0% and 27.7%, were used for experimental investigations. Investigated briquette samples were produced by hydraulic high-pressure briquetting press Briklis, type BrikStar 30-12 with cylindrical pressing chamber of 50 mm. All investigated briquette samples were produced under the same conditions with constant adjustment of...

Modification of the AlSi7Mg0.3 Alloy Using Antimony

Jaromir Cais, Jaroslava Svobodova, Dana Stancekova

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):685-690 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/685  

The paper describes the research focused on the influence of the antimony as the modificator in the one of the most common aluminium foundry alloys - alloy AlSi7Mg0.3. The aim of described experiment was to examine the antimony addition influence on the AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy microstructure changes. The description of the changes was performed based on the analysis realized using confocal laser microscope and electron microscope complemented by energy dispersive spectrometry in microstructure induced by the addition of antimony. The changes in the alloy microstructure, which were evoked by the addition of antimony, caused the mechanical properties changes...

Characterization of Composite Material with Magnesium Matrix Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

Drahomir Dvorsky, Jiri Kubasek, Dalibor Vojtěch

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):691-695 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/691  

Magnesium is biocompatible metal with mechanical properties similar to the bone tissue. Therefore it is suitable metal for biodegradable implants. There are high demands on mechanical and corrosion properties of materials for such use. Pure magnesium is usually characterized by poor properties which have to be improved. Properties are usually enhanced by alloying elements. However those elements are usually not biocompatible. Alternative way to improve both mechanical and corrosion properties is using composite materials. Reinforcement should improve mechanical properties and reduce corrosion rate by barrier effect. In present work, composite material...

Influence of Process Conditions on Additive Manufacture of Ti6Al4V Alloy by SLM Technology

Michaela Fousova, Dalibor Vojtech

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):696-701 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/696  

Selective laser melting (SLM) is the most widespread method of additive manufacture of metallic materials. Products are build up by selective melting of input powder material and joining it together successively in thin layers. The additive approach brings along many advantages of which the geometry freedom is the most outstanding and the most appreciated. Nevertheless, despite intensive research in the domain of additive manufacture, there are still some problems, such as insufficient shape precision and surface quality or occurrence of internal defects. These imperfections are related to a high number of variables entering the production process....

Natural Aging Behaviour of the EN AW 6082 and Lead Free EN AW 6023 Aluminium Alloys

Martin Fujda, Miloš Matvija, Miroslav Glogovský, Ivan Orišenko

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):701-706 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/701  

The natural aging behaviour of EN AW 6082 aluminium alloy and lead-free EN AW 6023 aluminium alloy with good free cutting machinability was investigated using Vickers microhardness measurements, tensile test analysis, and a light microscopy characterisation. The different chemical composition of the analysed alloys did not affect the alloys microhardness after quenching, but the solid solution grain sizes of the quenched alloys differed greatly. The microhardness and tensile strength of EN AW 6082 increased with aging time right after alloy quenching. On the contrary, microhardness and tensile strength of lead-free EN AW 6023 increased markedly until...

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Milled Carbon Fibers Reinforced EN AW 6082 Aluminium Matrix Composites after Hot Extrusion

Miroslav Glogovský, Martin Fujda, Martin Balog, Matej Štěpánek

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):706-710 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/706  

The microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fibers reinforced EN AW 6082 aluminium matrix composites after hot extrusion were investigated. The distribution of carbon fibers in matrix was homogenous and their alignment was in the extruded direction. The microstructure of aluminium matrix alloy in the composites was fine grained, without defects. The heat treatment (annealing at 550 °C for 1 hour, water quenching and artificial aging at 170 °C for 8 hours) caused formation of fine solid solution grains of aluminium alloy and dissolution of Mg2Si particles. The highest value of ultimate tensile strength was achieved in composite reinforced...

Determination of Oil Change Interval for Gasoline Engines According to the Amount of Non-Ferrous Metals

Vladimír Hönig

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):710-717 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/710  

Friction is closely related to every moving machine and fundamentally affects efficiency and service life. Wear tracking of moving and non-moving parts of the engine mechanism is important for expressing the wear trend. The wear and tear trend is specific for gasoline engines in urban traffic. The increase in the number of abrasive non-ferrous particles (Al, Cu, Ni, Cr, Sn, Si) is monitored in Škoda Octavia vehicles. The statistical evaluation of nomogram the wear and the determination of the optimum oil change interval of a vehicle group with sparkignition engines are performed for individual non-ferrous particles. The main aim of the article is to...

Analysis of the Properties Aluminium Casting Motorcycle Forks Arm after Compression Test

Daniela Kalincová, Miroslava Ťavodová, Sylvia Kuśmierczak

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):717-722 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/717  

The article describes the course of a pressure test that was made to determine the maximum force in the case of breaking the integrity of the casting. Observation of the forks arm deformation can be done with using sensors on the universal tensile testing machine. Using a high-speed camera to monitor this test will provide results in digital form that can serve to further research. Subsequently, analysis of the material properties of the AlSi7Mn0.3 casting is described, using the methods of evaluation of mechanical and structural properties. Periodic tests check the castings status to ensure recurrent quality in order to achieve the required safety...

Microstructure of Polymer Composite Materials

Martina Kalova, Sona Rusnakova

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):722-728 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/722  

This paper deals with problems connected with defects in polymer composite materials and the causes of their occurrences. The microstructure of polymeric materials with carbon and hybrid (carbon / aramid) reinforcement with an epoxy matrix is examined. The evaluation of the microstructures of the two types of composites was performed with the aid of a scanning electron microscope, as well as a 3D light microscope. Defects (dry spots, bubbles, pores,…) in the structure of the material significantly affect its properties, and the question of their elimination is also considered. In order to achieve the most favourable physical and mechanical properties,...

Dust Concentration in Air during the Aluminium Alloy AlCu4Mg Milling Operations

Pavel Kic, Miroslav Müller

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):729-733 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/729  

During the metal machining amount of dust is generated which can influence significantly surroundings, but mainly workers are exposed to dust pollution. The aim of this paper is to present results of microclimatic research focused on dust pollution in workshop during the milling of aluminium alloy workpieces. The concentration of air dust was measured by the DustTRAK II Model 8530 aerosol monitor. Using the special impactors the PM1, PM2.5, PM4, PM10 size fractions were also measured. Obtained results of measurements and concentrations of different size of dust particles were analysed. Results of measurements under different milling conditions are...

High-Temperature Behaviour of Ti-Al-Si Alloys Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

Anna Knaislová, Vendula Šimůnková, Pavel Novák, Filip Průša

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):733-738 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/733  

Nowadays, there is effort to substitute in aerospace industry so far commonly used alloys (especially nickel alloys) with new low-density materials, which will have comparable mechanical properties and good resistance against high-temperature oxidation. Ti-Al intermetallic alloys are in this trend modern, already-used material. The results of the tests show that further enhancement of properties can be achieved by addition of silicon. The disadvantage of these materials is a low fracture toughness at room temperature and difficult production. Powder metallurgy seems to be a way to replace still used melting metallurgy. In this work, cyclic oxidation...

The Microstructure Evolution of Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloy after Deformation by Equal Channel Angular Pressing

Barbora Křivská, Michaela Šlapáková, Olexandr Grydin, Miroslav Cieslar

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):738-741 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/738  

Equal-channel angular pressing is a method of severe plastic deformation, which implies high deformation into the material and leads to grain size reduction and strength increase. It was applied on a twin-roll cast Al-Mg-Sc alloy, which contained Al3(Sc,Zr) particles formed during annealing at 300 °C for 8 hours. The evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties after deformation was studied during isochronal heating 50 K/50 min. Strengthening occurred during annealing at lower temperatures and was followed by prominent microhardness drop, which was connected with formation of new grains and recrystallization. The presence of Al3(Sc,Zr)...

Influence of Laser Beam on Polymer Material

Milena Kubisova, Vladimir Pata, Libuse Sykorova, Jana Knedlova

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):742-746 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/742  

The article deals with the area of non-conventional technologies, specifically with the effect of concentrated radiant energy on the polymer material. There was studied the laser beam and its application to two different types of polymeric materials in details. PMMA, as a representative of the amorphous polymers and POM, which is a crystalline polymer, was used for experimental cutting as they are frequently applied in industrial practice. The input technological parameters were changed during machining followed by evaluation of their interaction with the concentrated radiant energy of the laser beam. The results were subjected to statistical evaluated...

Influence of the Heat Treatment on Corrosion Behaviour and Mechanical Properties of the AA 7075 Alloy

Vojtěch Kučera, Dalibor Vojtěch

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):747-752 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/747  

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys possess excellent mechanical properties, and therefore are used in aerospace and automotive industry. However, they are susceptible to localized corrosion such as pitting, intergranular and exfoliation corrosion, which is closely related to the precipitate size and distribution. Because the size and distribution of the precipitates are controlled by heat treatment, we investigated the influence of the heat treatment on corrosion behaviour and mechanical properties of the AA 7075 alloy. Audi test, internal Audi standard PV 11 13 for automotive industry, was chosen to evaluate the corrosion behaviour of the as-cast, T5 and T6 heat...

Effect of Deformation Conditions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low Alloyed Steel

Ludmila Kučerová, Martin Bystrianský, Štěpán Jeníček, Pavel Francisko

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):752-756 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/752  

Low carbon, low alloyed steel 0.2%C-1.8%Si-1.5%Mn-0.06%Nb underwent thermo-mechanical processing routes typical for TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steels. Deformation conditions were varied, i.e. various numbers of deformation steps of the same size were applied to the steel during the cooling at 50 °C/s to room temperature. This processing enabled comparison of recrystallization ability of the steel at various deformation temperatures. In the next step, two 10% deformations were carried out at the temperatures of 900 °C and 720 °C and the deformation rate was varied from 0.025 s-1 to 2.5 s-1 to evaluate the effect of deformation rate on...

High-cycles Fatigue of Different Casted Secondary Aluminium Alloy

Lenka Kuchariková, Eva Tillová, Milan Uhríčik, Juraj Belan, Ivana Švecová

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):756-761 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/756  

Nowadays manufacturers currently use about 35 % of secondary aluminium and about 65 % of primary aluminium to meet their needs. The production of secondary Al alloys have significant advantages. Most important is saving of natural resources with a consequent material cost reduction and a considerable energy-saving associated to reduction in pollution and CO2 emissions. The positive fact is that secondary Al alloys has comparable mechanical properties with primary aluminium alloys. Therefore it is necessary to study properties such alloys especially those which are used for transport industry in order to keeping the quality of casting. One of the major...

Analysis of Mechanical Properties of AlSi9Mg Alloy with Al, Ti and B Additions

Tomasz Lipiński

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):761-766 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/761  

The initial structure of AlSi9Mg alloy is composed of granular and acicular β phase, with α phase as matrix. The hard, irregular, often pointed β phase is responsible for the poor mechanical properties of said alloy. This composition is responsible for the alloy's low strength parameters, and it limits the extent of practical applications. This study presents the results of modification of an AlSi9Mg alloy with aluminum, boron and titanium in different ranges produced as a melted modifier. The influence of the analyzed modifiers on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the silumin was presented in graphs. Thermal analysis...

The Effect of Homogenization Parameters on the Structure of EN AW-6082 Alloy

Jan Luštinec, Vladivoj Očenášek, Miroslav Jelínek jr.

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):766-772 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/766  

High temperature homogenization annealing of DC cast billets from aluminium alloys used for extrusion pressing is considered as one of substantial technological operations during extrusion processing. The structure of DC cast billets consists of dendrite cell structure and contains coarse and inhomogeneously distributed intermetallic phases of β-AlFeSi and α-Al(Fe,Mn)Si type.Structure after a homogenization annealing is quite decisive for both the final properties of extrusions and the extrudability of the cast structure. The present paper deals with the medium strength heat-treatable EN AW-6082 alloy. It is investigated the effect of heating...

Structure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloys AlSi10 and AlSi5Mg

Jiří Machuta, Iva Nová, Pavel Kejzlar

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):772-777 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/772  

The article presents the microstructure and mechanical properties of two types of aluminium alloys AlSi10 and AlSi5Mg. The structure and mechanical properties as a tensile test of two alloys AlSi10 and AlSi5Mg were studied and compared. Gravity casting is very good process for making complex mechanical parts of low density metals like aluminium alloys. Therefore our samples are prepared by gravity casting technology. Light metals have come to the forefront in the automotive industry and improved fuel economy. Therefore, we compared the AlSi5Mg alloy with a commonly used alloy AlSi10. This type of alloy AlSi5Mg has excellent casting and technological...

Possibilities for Change of Thermoplastic Tensile Properties Using Admixture of Recyclable Material

Ján Majerník, Ján Kmec, Monika Karková, Martin Podařil

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):778-782 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/778  

Polymeric materials are thanks its processing and utility properties materials in demand of common and special use. They are also largely replacing conventional materials. As the popularity of polymeric materials grows, also the amount of its waste increases. For this reason, there is introduced the term recycling as a method of processing, re-use of the waste, into technologies of polymeric processing. So, this paper deals with the possibilities of introduction of recycled material. The main part of this paper is created by an experiment that explores the changes of tensile properties of test specimen according to the selected percentage of additives...

Powder Metallurgy Prepared Al Alloys and Their "Self-Healing" Possibilities

Alena Michalcová, Anna Knaislová, Ivo Marek, Zbyněk Veselka, Jaroslav Vavřík, Tadeáš Bastl, Tomáš Hrdlička, Daniel Kučera, Luana Luwan Sun, Dalibor Vojtěch

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):782-786 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/782  

Microstructure and mechanical properties of powder metallurgically prepared AlSi24Fe3 alloy are presented in this article. The alloy was prepared in form of rapidly solidified ribbons by melt spinning process. Consequently, the ribbons were crushed into powder in a ball mill and compacted by spark plasma sintering. Grain size of prepared alloy was less than 1 μm, Vickers hardness HV0.1 reached value 214, yield strength and ultimate compressive strength were 611 and 778 MPa, respectively. To obtain material with possible self-healing proprerties, it was necessary to enrich material by fine dispersed Ag2Al particles. The AlSi24Fe3 powder particles...

Defects in the Surface Layer of Pure Molybdenum after WEDM

Katerina Mouralova, Libor Benes, Radim Zahradnicek

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):786-790 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/786  

The utilisation of pure molybdenum in high-temperature applications in a vacuum requires very precise machining. Considering the fact that conventional machining methods do not achieve the required geometrical and dimensional accuracy in several cases, it is necessary to use the unconventional technology of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). This study aims at analysing the surface and subsurface layer of pure molybdenum after WEDM in terms of the occurrence of defects. Profile and areal parameters were evaluated by means of a contact 3D profilometer. The occurrence of individual defects both on the surface and underneath it was studied by...

Effect of Surface Treatment of Adhesive Bonded Sheet of Aluminium Alloy EN AW 2024 T3 on Adhesive Bond Strength Created by Means of Structural Two-Component Adhesive

Miroslav Müller

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):791-796 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/791  

When constructing traffic means, agricultural machines etc. it is necessary to create a bond, namely from thin semi-products, i.e. sheets of metal. Namely light and strong materials such as e.g. aluminium alloys EN AW 2024 T3 (AlCu4Mgl) are used in the constructions. A research namely on the adhesive bonded surface treatment is necessary at a rise of the quality adhesive bond. The aim of the research is an evaluation of the adhesive bonded surface treatment of the aluminium alloy EN AW 2024 T3 (AlCu4Mg1) by means of mechanical tests and a surface analysis by means of SEM. A cyclic degradation loading of the adhesive bond after exposing the adhesive...

The Influence of Microalloying on the Thermal Treatment of Aluminum Bronzes

Iva Nová, Jiří Machuta, Luboš Raur

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):797-804 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/797  

At present, with the development of electric vehicles, great attention is paid to alloys which have very good electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and resist to high temperatures. These alloys include aluminum bronzes. The electrical conductivity is the higher the finer is the grain or the less it contains almost non-conductive oxides, non-metallic inclusions, porosity, etc. Aluminum bronzes are foundry alloys that exhibit good electrical properties, very good sliding properties at high mechanical values, are resistant to corrosion and heat, have high resistance to acids and alkalis, so they are successfully used to work in aggressive environments....

Metallurgy of the Aluminium Alloys for High-Pressure Die Casting

Iva Novakova, Jaromir Moravec, Pavel Kejzlar

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):804-811 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/804  

The paper deals with the monitoring the metallurgical purity of alloy AlSi9Cu3(Fe) both in the dependence on the input material quality and on the manner of the melt metallurgical treatment. Experiment was divided into two phases. During the first phase there was monitored the metallurgical purity of the input material delivered from the different suppliers. During the second phase was at the standardly prepared melt observed the influence of the degassing time on its metallurgical purity. To evaluate the input material metallurgical purity, Drosstest was performed and subsequently also the metallurgical evaluation of samples. To determine the influence...

Research of Application Possibilities of Selected Mechanically Alloyed Metal Powders

Jan Novotný, Irena Lysoňková, Štefan Michna, Nataša Náprstková

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):811-815 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/811  

Paper is interested in the study of basic theoretical knowledge from the problems of preparation of nanoparticles and microparticles and their mechanical synthesis. Also, the possibility of producing of new materials by mechanical alloying of metal powders evaluation of these newly created materials from the point of morphology and surface condition, as well as physical (eg. electrical charge) and chemical (surface treatment).

The Influence of Manganese on Elimination Harmful Effect of Iron with Different Level of Iron in the Alloy Based on Al-Si-Mg

Radka Podprocká, Dana Bolibruchová

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):815-819 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/815  

Manganese is the most widely used and it can modify the β-Fe platelet-like morphology to more compact and harmless forms (i.e. Chinese script, skeleton-like and/or polyhedral α-Fe phase) Furthermore, the Mn and Fe content can influence the type, the size and the ratio of different Fe intermetallic compounds. The present study investigates the effect of manganese concentration on the formation of iron compounds in an AlSi7Mg0.3 with levels of iron 0.3 and 0.7 wt. %. The manganese was ranking in amount of 0.1, 0.2, 0.6 wt. %. The morphology iron intermetallic phases has been investigated using cooling curve analysis, optical microscopy and...

Ultra-High Strength Ti Grade 4 Prepared by Intensive Plastic Deformation

Filip Průša, Adriana Bernatiková, Jan Palan

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):819-822 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/819  

The aims of the present work were focused on evaluation of the processing steps on the microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium grade 4 material. The rod was subjected to Conform SPD processing which combined multiple passes throughout the ECAP with consequential cold working which reduced the sectional area by 80%. The microstructure of the prepared material was well-refined showing presence of phases whith sub-micrometre dimensions. The mechanical properties of these materials were evaluated by hardness measurements and by compressive strees-strain tests and by tensile stress-strain tests, both performed at laboratory temperature. The...

Unconventional Materials Usage in Design of Vehicle Bodies

Karel Raz, Jan Hora, Petr Pavlata

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):823-827 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/823  

This article deals with unconventional materials usage in design of vehicle bodies. Main focus is on sandwich materials (with honeycomb structure) for walls of the main body. These panels are designed from polypropylene. Joining of theses sandwich panels is also solved here by special aluminium profile. Virtual simulations and stress evaluation are used methods for design evaluating. Research is focused also on material properties testing. Tested are sandwich materials and also connecting aluminium profiles. All material properties and testing principles are here clearly described. Lower weight of vehicle body leads to possibility of floor optimization....

Influence of Alloying Elements on Properties of Ni-Ti-X5 Alloys Consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering

Pavel Salvetr, Andrea Školáková, Filip Průša, Pavel Novák

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):827-831 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/827  

This paper deals with the preparation of highly dense Ni-Ti alloys with addition of alloying elements like iron, vanadium and zirconium. The alloying elements were added in an amount of 5 wt. % into Ni-Ti46 wt. % powder mixture. The prealloyed NiTiX5 powder was prepared by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis with following milling of the product. The prealloyed powder was consolidated by spark plasma sintering. The microstructures, mechanical properties and abrasive wear of prepared alloys were investigated. The results were compared with Ni-Ti and NiTiX alloys and other materials prepared by powder metallurgy. The undesirable changes in...

Dispersion of Mechanical Properties of Commercial Aluminum Alloys within Their Material Standards

Jan Serak, Dalibor Vojtech

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):831-837 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/831  

Material standards of commercial alloys are key documents for casting producers as well as for their customers. Compliance with the prescribed chemical composition of alloys should be the basis for achieving their constant and reproducible properties. Material standards, however, in many cases tolerate contents of alloying elements within a relatively wide range, which can lead to very significant differences in mechanical properties of alloys. The differences in behavior of selected aluminum alloys with chemical composition on the lowest and highest contents of alloying elements prescribed by their material standard are documented in this paper. Significant...

Formation of Phases in Ti-Al System at 800 °C

Andrea Školáková, Pavel Salvetr, Pavel Novák, Michaela Nývltová

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):838-842 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/838  

In this work, kinetics of the intermediary phase formation in Ti-Al system during reactive sintering at 800 °C was investigated. Because it is very difficult to determine the kinetics on the powder mixture, special model system was utilized. This model consisted of solid titanium and molten aluminium and the intermediary phase formation was observed on the interface solid - liquid state at various times. Only TiAl3 phase formed during the test. The thickness of the layer was changing and based on these results it can be estimated how the process is controlled. It was revealed that the formation of TiAl3 phase is controlled by the rate of chemical reaction...

New Application in Technological Preparations for Investment Casting Production in Aircraft Industry

Augustín Sládek, Richard Pastirčák, Marek Brůna, Anna Remišová

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):842-847 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/842  

Nowadays, foundries do not sufficiently utilizes computer support during the creation of technical documentation. Instead of computer documentation, foundries are using classical method for designing technological documentation and the computer aid is only discrete. For the area of foudry technology, it is inappropriate to use conventional CAPP systems which use group technology because they work with a simple representative selection from the database according to the characteristics. The submitted article shows a solution for systems interconnection and the possibilities of using the simultaneous engineering for aircraft industry. A new system was...

Thermal Treatment Influence on the Change of Alloy EN AW-6082 Mechanical Properties

Pavel Solfronk, Jiri Sobotka, Michaela Kolnerova, David Korecek

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):848-853 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/848  

Thermal treatment of the aluminum alloys significantly affects their final mechanical properties. However, the process of such thermal treatment is influenced by many variables and the correct choice of these technological parameters is a prerequisite for achieving their required properties in the manufactured part. This paper evaluates the effect of thermal treatment conditions on the time course of hardness for EN AW-6082 alloy during artificial aging. For the experiment, the solution annealing temperature of 520°C was chosen in combination with three different holding times at this temperature and then also 3 different initial temperature of the...

Difference between Cutting Surface of Al Foam and Solid Al Machined by WEDM Technology

František Špalek, Marek Sadílek, Robert Čep, Jana Petrů, Jiří Kratochvíl, Tomáš Čegan

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):853-858 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/853  

The article deals with a comparison of machining of two chemically very similar materials of aluminium alloy, however, with various internal structures by means of non-conventional machining technology of electro-erosive wire cutting (WEDM). The first material used was a right parallelepiped of ALPORAS aluminium foam with porous structure produced by a method of powder metallurgy. As the second material designed to the comparison EN AW 5005 alloy was chosen owing to high aluminium content and therefore a very near chemical composition of the compared material. The samples with circular section of identical height and nominal diameter were produced....

Quality Analysis of AlTi5B1 Master Alloys

Jaroslava Svobodova, Peter Hajdúch

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):858-863 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/858  

Grain refinement in commercial aluminium alloys can be achieved by addition of AlTi5B1 master alloy, containing α aluminium matrix, TiB2 and Al3Ti particles. These particles act as nucleation points for α Al matrix, resulting in a uniform fine, equiaxed as cast microstructure. Current grain-refinement practice involves the addition of master alloy (e.g. Al-Ti-B, Al-Ti-C) before casting introducing inoculants particles to the melt. The final size SDAS in aluminium cast alloys depends on the kinetics of both nucleation and growth of solid in the liquid. As per the classical nucleation theory, the critical activation energy (ΔG*) to...

The Structure of the Aluminium Alloy and Its Influence on the Fatigue Properties

Milan Uhríčik, Peter Palček, Mária Chalupová, Tatiana Oršulová

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):863-869 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/863  

The article will be focused on monitoring the influence of the structure on the fatigue properties of aluminium alloys for the casting of type Al-Mg, especially EN AC 51200 and EN AC 51500. These alloys were selected on the basis of the chemical composition, where the content of most alloying elements is comparable, only in the case of the concentration of magnesium are these alloys significantly different. Fatigue properties of aluminium alloys were tested by three-point bending cyclic loading. The fracture surface of the testing sample was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where samples were observed on various stages of the fatigue...

Tensile Strength of Al Particles/Sisal Fibres Hybrid Composite with Epoxy Matrix

Petr Valášek

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):869-874 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/869  

The hybrid composite polymer system was prepared by a vacuum infusion. The reinforcement phase of the composite consists of natural fibers and inorganic aluminum particles. Hard inorganic particles are used in composite systems to optimize certain mechanical characteristics such as hardness, wear resistance or even strength. Hybrid system with an epoxy matrix and a variable concentration of reinforcing phases of aluminum min. purity of 99% (average particle size 31 μm) and sisal fibers was used in the experiment. Sisal fibers were used without a preferred orientation - it was a disordered long-fiber composite system and fibers were treated with...

Dynamic Planning for Product Platform and Module Based on Graph Theory

Yongming Wu, Han Zhang, Lifei Luo, Yanxia Xu

Manufacturing Technology 2017, 17(5):875-880 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2017/a/1213-2489/MT/17/5/875  

Aiming at the problem of platform planning and module identification in product family design, modular theory, implementation methods and objectives are studied in mass customization(MC), and a dynamic planning model is established for product platform and module. Firstly, the versatility and physical consolidation of existing variants are analyzed and expressed using directed and undirected graphs. And then a dynamic planning algorithm, in which the platform threshold and the module boundary parameters are set dynamically based on market demands, is proposed in product platform and module design. Secondly, potential parts are extracted for more variant...