Manufacturing Technology Journal - Latest articles
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Milling Performance of Selective Laser Melted Ti6Al4V: A Taguchi Approach for Surface Roughness Optimization
Ikhsan Siregar, Juri Saedon, Mohd Shahriman Adenan
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):230-238 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.030 
Titanium alloy Ti6Al4V fabricated using Selective Laser Melting (SLM) has gained significant attention in biomedical and aerospace applications due to its superior mechanical properties and design flexibility. However, its machining characteristics, particularly in milling, remain challenging due to the material's hardness and thermal conductivity. This study investigates the milling performance of SLM-manufactured Ti6Al4V by optimizing surface roughness using the Taguchi method. An L9 orthogonal array was employed, considering spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut as control factors. Surface roughness measurements were analyzed using Signal-to-Noise...
Research on Gradient Temperature Rolling Process and Deformation Uniformity of 10Ni5CrMoV Heavy Plate
Weiwei Wang, Baoshan Wang, Hongliang Zhang
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):265-272 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.029
In order to solve the problem of heterogeneous deformation in the rolling process of 10Ni5CrMoV heavy plate, the effects of uniform temperature rolling (UTR) and graded temperature rolling (GTR) on the microstructure and deformation uniformity of 10Ni5CrMoV steel were studied by means of numerical simulation and verification experiment, and the strengthening mechanism of high permeability rolling process on the rolling deformation of 10Ni5CrMoV heavy steel was clarified. The results show that compared with the uniform temperature rolling process(UTR), different gradient temperature rolling processes (GTR) make the deformation area gradually expand...
A Synthetic Geometric Performance Index for Parts Manufactured by VAT Photopolymerization
Valentina Vendittoli, Wilma Polini, Walter Michael Simon Josef, Giovanni Moroni
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):244-251 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.028
Geometric deviations play a crucial role in the quality of additive manufacturing, particularly in parts made with biodegradable resins. Accurately controlling dimensional and geometric variations in manufactured components is critical for achieving defect-free production and meeting functional standards. However, defining a final quality score can be challenging due to numerous dimensional and geometric deviations associated with a part. An innovative metric for evaluating geometric performance was created to measure dimensional precision in components produced through VAT photopolymerization. The index measures the dimensional and geometrical deviations,...
Study on the Effect of Aging Treatment on the Microtexture and Mechanical Properties of 6111 Aluminum Alloy
Jiechen Li, Yongqiang Pan, Quan Kang, Zhi Jia
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):215-221 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.026
The effects of aging treatment temperature of 250°C on microstructure, mechanical properties characteristics of 6111 aluminum alloy sheet were investigated by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction and other analytical methods. The results show that the aging treatment temperature has a significant effect on the yield strength of cold rolled 6111 aluminum alloy, and appropriate heat treatment can significantly improve the work-hardening properties of rolled 6111 aluminum alloy. The rolled sheet without heat treatment aging shows the highest strength values, with the yield strength reaching 140.2 MPa and the...
Process Optimisation for Orthogonal Testing of Shot Peening Based on Secondary Development of ABAQUS
Anheng Wang, Shangqi Duan, Wei Zhang, Fan Li
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):252-264 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.027
This study centers on 7B50 aluminium alloy. The intention is to reduce the pre-treatment and post-treatment times of the shot peening model. By comparing and analyzing different process parameters, the best combination of peening solutions can be obtained. The pre-processing is implemented through a GUI interactive interface. Post-processing is carried out by using Python for secondary development in ABAQUS. Orthogonal test method is employed for post-processing analysis of shot peening simulations under various process conditions. The results are evaluated by using a weighted composite scoring method to determine the depth of the residual compressive...
Possibilities of Evaluating the Quality of Products Produced by Directed Energy Deposition Technology
Petr Beneš, David Bricín, Denisa Janová
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):153-160 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.025
It is well known that the porosity of a product can have a negative effect on the mechanical properties of the product. For this reason, its control is very important. Porosity can be assessed by two methods - destructive and nondestructive inspection. However, the identification of very small pores is still very difficult for metallic materials, as the pore size may be below the resolution of most commonly used NDT techniques. In addition, different types of pores may be present in a single part, with one type usually dominating. Proper identification of porosity is essential to estimate the impact on structural properties. For pore assessment, as...
Measurement of Heat Transfer in a Sand Mould Foundry – Optimisation of Cooling Time for Cast Iron And Ductile Cast Iron Mass Castings
Jan Bredl
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):161-169 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.024
Cast iron with nodular graphite is one of the most important structural materials that exhibit really good mechanical properties already in the as-cast condition. Nowadays, cast iron with nodular graphite is used in many areas of the manufacturing industry, the most widespread being in the engineering and automotive industries. The applicability of this material for construction purposes is mainly due to its mechanical properties, which are close to those of steel, but the production cost of cast iron is lower. This experiment was aimed at optimizing the production of ductile iron castings in the casting pits so that the foundry could produce ductile...
Diagnostics of Milling Head Using Acoustic Emission
Paweł Piórkowski, Andrzej Roszkowski, Zofia Szabla
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):222-229 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.023
Monitoring and diagnostics of cutting tools are crucial for ensuring production efficiency and product quality in the machining industry. This study uses acoustic emission (AE) to non-invasively detect damage and monitor tool condition in real time. Experiments assessed cutting inserts in a milling head, both used and new. Results showed AE effectively diagnoses tool wear, with significant differences in signals from worn and new inserts. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis determined the frequency range of signals during machining, confirming AE's usefulness. Microscope verification supported the AE findings on tool wear. This research highlights...
SEM Analysis of Surface Layers with Variable Ra Parameters for Tribological Optimization in Design Engineering
Paweł Knast, Jana Petrů, Stanislaw Legutko, Lubomir Soos, Marcela Pokusova
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):185-201 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.022
In this study, the microstructure of surface layers with varying roughness (Ra parameters) was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to optimize tribological properties in engineering design. SEM revealed key microstructural features – sharp and mild protrusions, pitting, microcracks and contaminants – that were not available in traditional profilometry. Reducing the Ra value improved surface uniformity by reducing irregularities and defect lengths, which had a positive effect on tribological properties and surface durability. However, defects were still present even at Ra < 1.25 μm, indicating the "Law of Microstructural...
Exploration of Physical Characteristics, Mechanical Strength, and Wear Resistance of Bronze Fiber-Reinforced Brake Pads
G. Sai Krishnan, M. Vanitha, Robert Čep, SP Samal, Jan Blata
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):209-214 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.021
This research focused on the production of brake pads reinforced with bronze fibers to see the anticipated performance principles for braking systems. Three unique amalgamated formulations, labeled BRZ-I, BRZ-II, and BRZ-III, were set by varying the bronze fiber content to 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight. The tribological characteristics of these composites were systematically evaluated to determine their effectiveness. Traditional manufacturing processes were used in developing the brake pad. Various properties such as physical, chemical, mechanical and tribological possessions were assessed by means of chase test rig. Worn-superficial examination stayed...
Modeling Method and Simulation of Crushing Process of Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher Based on Cumulative Damage Model
Canhui Wu, Limei Zhao, Song Li
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):273-285 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.020
In a vertical impact crusher, material particles undergo multiple impact collisions and eventually break due to accumulated damage. In order to further study the crushing mechanism of the crusher, a cumulative damage model of material particles under re-peated impact was established. Firstly, a crushing model is established based on the specific fracture energy, reflecting material particles' cumulative damage and crushing process. Then, the simulation model of the crushing system of the vertical shaft impact crusher is established. And by simulating the crushing process of limestone particles in a crusher, it reveals that the crushing of particles...
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of PLA Produced by FFF Additive Manufacturing Technology after DCSBD Plasma Treatment
Marcel Kohutiar, Róbert Janík, Michal Krbata, Jozef Jaroslav Fekiač, Lucia Kakošová, Pavol Mikuš
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):202-208 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.019
Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is an important method for evaluating the viscoelastic properties of polymeric materials, especially when investigating their mechanical response to various manufacturing parameters and surface treatments. In recent years, DMA analysis has been intensively used, among others, for the analysis of polylactide (PLA) produced by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive technology. The present study focuses on the effect of DCSBD plasma treatment on the dynamic-mechanical properties of PLA samples with different infill geometries (Line, Rectilinear and Concentric). In the study, experimental PLA samples were subjected...
Analysis the Load of the Gantry Crane during Travelling along the Crane Track Using Working Model 3D
Ján Vavro, Ján Vavro jr., Ľuboš Marček, Jana Kuricová, Miloš Taraba, Lukáš Klimek, Pavol Čerňava
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):239-243 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.018
The paper presents the analysis of the gantry crane loading when driving along the crane track, using a Working model 3D, for which the analysis of the gantry crane frame loading was performed. The gantry crane is designed to remove dirt in front of the turbine under the water surface. For the gantry crane which moves along a track, the directional and vertical unevennesses were determined by experiment and are given in graphic and numerical form in (mm), relating to A track and B track with a total track length of 450 (m). Based on the knowledge of the unevenness of the rail track, the four random functional dependencies defining the irregularities...
Demonstration of Neural Network in Prediction of Bearing Lifetime
Eliška Cézová
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):170-173 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.017
The topic of this paper is the application of machine learning and neural networks in engineering, specifically in the prediction of the lifetime of bearings operating in different conditions. In addition, the basics of machine learning are introduced, giving an idea of the importance of input data quality for model training. It also presents the elements of neural network training to be used in other projects. The article is supplemented by a source code examples written using only the Python language, and some other popular libraries, like the NumPy, Matplotlib, Tensorflow, Keras, and Scikit-learn. The main advantage of the libraries used is that...
Experimental Measurement and Testing of 3D Printed Parts in Terms of the Material Used
Alexandr Fales, Vít Černohlávek, Marcin Suszynski, Jan Štěrba, Tomáš Zdráhal, David Nocar
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(2):174-184 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.016
As part of my research work, in its practical part, I deal with the selection of suitable 3D printing pa-rameters for parts of a robotic kit, as well as the selection of a 3D printer and the determination of a set of experimental measurements and testing in order to obtain the necessary data to determine a suitable filament material for 3D printing of a part of a robotic kit and setting the appropriate 3D printing parameters to obtain the desired mechanical properties of the parts while maintaining the economic benefits of 3D printing. The main aspects for choosing a filament material are printability in primary and secondary school conditions, easy...
Study on Trapped Oil and Cavitation of Jet Fuel Gear Pump
Wei Xu, Xianfeng Zhao, Hongyan Shi, Lijuan Huang
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(1):131-142 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.005
In order to explore the causes of trapped oil and cavitation formation during the operation of aviation fuel gear pump to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the pump, dynamic grid technology and Realizable were adopted. The k-ε turbulence model and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model were used to simulate the three-dimensional transient state of the jet fuel gear pump. The results show that: 1) the air bubbles are mainly distributed in the tooth cavity of the inlet end of the gear pump due to the low inlet pressure and the vortex. 2) Under the effect of high pressure and bubbles at the outlet, an approximately closed tooth cavity is formed near...
Comparison of Optical Scanners for Reverse Engineering Applications on Glossy Freeform Artifact Pharaoh
Michal Koptis, Jiri Resl, Jan Urban, Jan Simota, Jiri Kyncl, Petr Mikes, Libor Beranek
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(1):45-56 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.015
Article deals with analysis on influence of post-process settings profiles in the Polyworks software and its influence on measuring bias (difference between average surface profile deviation and artifact reference value) and standard deviation of measured data. The comparison was evaluated on glossy artifacts with freeform surfaces. Setting with least bias and standard deviation was than used to evaluate repeatability and systematic measurement error and minimum tolerance bandwidth Tmin according to VDA 5 and MSA 4, respectively for three conceptions of laser scanning technologies available on today’s market. Cartesian CMM LK Altera S with laser...
Optimization of Zero-Point Setting for Enhanced Measurement Accuracy
Miroslav Matuš, Mário Drbúl, Jaromír Markovič, Michal Šajgalík, Andrej Czán, Miroslav Cedzo, Richard Joch, Martin Novák, Jana Petru
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(1):95-102 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.014
The precise setting of the zero point represents a critical factor in non-contact measurement of mechani-cal components, particularly in areas such as the engineering and automotive industries, where high accuracy is key to quality control. This study analyzes the impact of various alignment methods—specifically the best-fit method and the datum method (3–2–1)—on the measurement results of complex geometric shapes. Experimental measurements were conducted using a laser scanner and Polyworks 2015 software. The results indicate that the best-fit method achieves higher accuracy when measuring complex and freely oriented shapes,...
Investigation on the Effect of Nano-Cutting Liquid on the Cutting Quality of Large Diameter Silicon Wafer
Wei Zhang, Lixian Wang
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(1):143-151 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.013
To enhance the effective penetration of cutting fluid into the depth of the cutting joint, a nano-cutting liquid atomization method has been proposed to improve the cutting quality of diamond wire sawing. A six-inch large diameter silicon wafer (150 mm diameter) diamond wire saw cutting experimental platform was constructed. The base liquid, nano SiO2, and nano SiC cutting liquid were utilized as the cutting fluids, and various cutting solutions were employed to compare the cutting quality of large diameter silicon wafers. The temperature field change, surface roughness of the silicon wafer, surface morphology, and warping of the silicon wafer were...
Effect of DCSBD Plasma Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Films
Marcel Kohutiar, Michal Krbata, Róbert Janík, Jozef Jaroslav Fekiač, Lucia Kakošová, Jana Escherová
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(1):37-44 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.012
Polymers and their surface modifications are the subject of intensive research due to their wide industrial applications in the fields of food packaging, biomedicine and electronics. The most widely used polymer films include polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP), whose surface and mechanical properties can be optimized through physicochemical modifications. Diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) represents an effective method for modifying the surface properties of polymers without significantly affecting their structural properties. This study focuses on analyzing the effect of DCSBD plasma discharge...
Investigation of the Wear Progression of Nozzle in Abrasive Waterjet Machining with Different Abrasive Material
Nuraini Lusi, Mebrahitom Gebremariam, Abdur-Rasheed Alao, Kushendarsyah Saptaji, Azmir Azhari
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(1):76-85 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.011
Determining the productivity and quality of precision AWJ machining requires routine and careful inspection of nozzle condition. The degradation of the inner bore of the nozzle adversely impacts the mixing efficiency and uniformity of the water jet, thereby affecting its cutting performance. In this study, new nozzle was designed and manufactured using additive manufacturing and were made of 316 L stainless steel. The new nozzle consists of two combined parts with the peculiarity of being easy to install using a screw thread. The wear behavior of the new nozzle was examined using an accelerat-ed wear test. An accelerated wear test was conducted on...
Optimization of Titanium Surface for Live Cells
Maxim Puchnin, Františka Pešlová, Jiří Kuchař
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(1):103-112 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.010
The present paper is focused on the study of the characteristics of selected titanium alloys before and after heat treatment. The specimens were cooled both in water and liquid nitrogen from 900°C and 1000°C for pure titanium and from 1000°C and 1100°C for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Further, the paper deals with line MG63 live bone cells deposited on a titanium base substrate. Proliferation and differentiation are monitored of cells during 7-day in vitro cultivation portraying growth of cells on a biologically selected material.
Optimized for Silicon Wafer Dicing Blade Machining and Grinding Parameters of Structure
Dongya Li, Wangchao Jiang, Henan Qi
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(1):67-75 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.009
When diamond scribing knives are used to grind silicon wafers at ultra-high speeds, slight changes in the structure of the diamond scribing knives and changes in the grinding parameters will have a large impact on the processing accuracy and appearance of the silicon wafers. In order to reduce the defective rate of silicon wafers, improve the service life of diamond scribing knives and grinding efficiency. To address this issue, the working mechanism of the scribing knife grinding is analysed in the paper, the influence of spindle speed and feed rate on the quality of the silicon wafer slit when the scribing knife is grinding is studied, and the chipping...
Assessment of the Possibility of Using the Continuous Wavelet Transform and Fourier Transform to Analyse Geometric Structures Obtained on the Surface of Turned High-Molecular Polymers
Paweł Karolczak, Maciej Kowalski
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(1):24-36 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.008
The article presents the possibilities of using wavelet transform and fast Fourier analysis (FFT) to evaluate the signal collected during roughness measurement. During the tests, high-density polyeth-ylene was turned using variable cutting parameters. During cutting, the tool feed was changed to ob-tain roughness structures of different types and with varying degrees of anisotropy. The measured roughness profiles were filtered with Daubechies 6 (db6), Morlet and "Mexican Hat" wavelets and examined using Fourier analysis. The research carried out shows how the machining conditions affect the surface condition and the stability of the cutting process...
Creating a 3D Model of a Hovercraft for Research into Structural Shape Optimization and Material Design of Structural Parts
Milan Chalupa, Adam Švásta, Zdeněk Krobot, Josef Veverka, Roman Knobloch, Antonín Svoboda, Martin Svoboda, Patrik Balcar, Jaroslav Cais, Jan Štěrba, Michal Lattner, Josef Ponikelský
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(1):2-13 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.007
The article describes the creation of a mathematical 3D model of the original hovercraft structure, which will be further used for research into modifying the shapes and materials of the structure to ensure better driving conditions. Proposals for new materials for individual parts of the hovercraft structure will be addressed in order to reduce the weight of the hovercraft and thereby ensure a higher possible speed of movement, reduce fuel consumption and ensure the necessary mechanical properties of individual segments. The mathematical model of the simplified hovercraft model was created in the Cradle and Adams simulation programs. The paper is...
Predictive Modelling of Surface Roughness in Grinding Operations Using Machine Learning Techniques
Maya M. Charde, Trupti P. Najan, Lenka Cepova, Ajinkya D. Jadhav, Namdeo S. Rash-inkard, S. P. Samal
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(1):14-23 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.006
This paper details a systematic machine learning workflow designed for the prediction of surface roughness in grinding operations using key machining parameters. Those parameters are: Depth of Cut, Feed Rate, Work Speed, and Wheel Speed. The model was trained and validated on a data set which comprised experimental measurements of those parameters and their corresponding values of surface roughness. Three machine learning models, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and LightGBM, were developed and tested based on accuracy of prediction of the surface roughness. The validation of all three models was performed using performance metrics like Mean Squared...
Precise Shoe-Material Cutting Using Image-Based Die Cutter Calibration for Punching Machine Tools
Chia-Hsiang Su, Horng-Horng Lin
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(1):113-119 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.004
This paper proposes a set of stable auxiliary positioning modules for die-cutting shoe material by means of image-based die-cut calibration. Used in combination with a self-developed polygonal-object packing system for shoe-material cutting, the punching machine tool can automatically cut accurately, stably, and efficiently with the highly integrated hardware and software. In particular, the packing of the shoe material is based on the contour of the die-cut mold vector, and the object-dilation method is used to maintain a fixed gap between the objects. Then, a search method is employed to calculate a compact packing of the die-cut contours. The center...
Microscopic analysis of selected materials used for hot water heating using SEM
Ľuboš Marček, Ján Vavro, jr., Jan Vavro
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(1):86-94 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.003
The introduced work deals with the microscopic analysis of metallographically prepared selected metal materials structures, using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Prepared samples of seamless steel pipes were subjected to a thorough microscopic examination from the outer surface to the inner regions in order to interpret the spe-cific structure, including the change of the inner surfaces due to wear. The experiment showed that the micro-structure and character of the surfaces play a crucial role in the behavior of metallic materials under real condi-tions. Four types of pipes were monitored according to their use. The unused steel pipe (designated...
Enhancement of Epoxy Composites with Benzoylated Fibres of Demostachya bipinnata (Darbha): Impact on Mechanical Properties
G. Sai Krishnan, M. Vanitha, Robert Čep, Achille Désiré Betené Omgba, G. Shanmugasundar, P. Selvaraju, K. Logesh
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(1):57-66 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.002
Benzoylation treatment represents a promising strategy to enhance adhesion between plant fibres and polymer matrices. This study aims to improve the properties of epoxy composites using benzoylated fibres of Demostachya bipinnata (Darbha). The analysis focuses on the impact of chemical treatment on the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of the fibres and resulting composites. After retting and alkaline pre-treatment of the fibres, benzoylation using 10 wt% concentrated benzyl chloride is applied to introduce benzene groups, thereby enhancing the density and chemical stability of the fibres. Results highlight increased density (1869 kg.m-3)...
Implementation of Mechanization into the Welding Process
Miloš Taraba, Ján Vavro, jr., Jan Vavro
Manufacturing Technology 2025, 25(1):120-130 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2025.001
The article is focused on the investigation of the impact of the implementation of mechanization into the welding workplace, for the production of cylinders from austenitic X5CrNi18 10 chromium nickel steel. The welds are assembled into a production line for the processing of puff pastry. In addition to the technical improvement of the process and the verification of the sufficient quality of the welds, calculations were used to prove that after the implementation of the change, there was a significant reduction in the production time. By introducing a higher level of mechanization and necessary technological changes, the production time was reduced...