Manufacturing Technology Journal - Latest articles

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Possibility of Eliminating Iron in Aluminium Alloy Through Sedimentation

Štefan Michna, Anna Knaislová, Jaroslava Svobodová, Jan Novotný, Lenka Michnová

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):802-810 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.082

The article is dedicated to research on the elimination of high iron content (above 3-4%) in aluminium alloys through sedimentation. The aim was to determine the effect of sedimentation time on reducing the iron content in material from a refining bath with high iron content and to identify the phases formed in the structure. Melts were prepared from the material obtained from the refining bath, which consisted of an AlSi12 alloy with 3-4% Fe content. After melting, sedimentation was carried out for 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours. Sedimentation was conducted while maintaining the alloy in a liquid state throughout the entire sedimentation period. After...

Possibilities of Analyzing Sources of Impurities in Hydraulic Oil

Alena Breznická, Pavol Mikuš, Ľudmila Timárová, Marcel Kohutiar, Michal Krbaťa

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):721-730 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.081

The task of comprehensive machine care, monitoring of reliability and maintenance is currently a priority not to wait for a malfunction, but to prevent malfunctions before they occur. In the possibilities of mod-ern diagnostic tools, this activity is the task of oil analysis, which is a highly effective tool for monitoring the condition of hydraulic oils during their long-term operation. It is possible to prevent the failure of the entire system by regular monitoring of the technical condition of oils based on the analysis of hydraulic oil pollution. Oil analysis can reveal the amount of additive elements, oil pollution, the amount of addi-tives and...

Effects of Laser Shock Peening Technology on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Steel

Jana Zavitkovská, Zdeněk Fulín, Zbyněk Špirit

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):834-842 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.079

This article deals with the modification of surface properties of austenitic steels using laser shock peening (LSP) technology. This technology introduces residual compressive stresses into the surface layer. These stresses improve the technical properties of the material not only by affecting the re-sistance of corrosion cracking under stress. The aim of the work was to influence the austenitic steel 08CHN10T by LSP technology, to perform a corrosion test in a boiling MgCl2 solution and the sub-sequent evaluation of these tests. Furthermore, the hardness was measured of the peened part of the material by LSP technology and unpeened part.

Effect of Solubility of Alloying Elements on Selected Properties and on the Structure of AlSi5Cu2Mg

Martina Sýkorová, Dana Bolibruchová, Marek Brůna, Mária Chalupová

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):817-826 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.078

The paper deals with the solubility and influence of the melting method of alloying elements (Zr, Mo and Sr) on selected properties and structure of the hypoeutectic aluminum alloy AlSi5Cu2Mg. Alloy-ing elements in the form of master alloys (AlZr20, AlMo10, and AlSr10) were melted in two different methods. The first method consisted in melting the master alloy together with the batch material in an electric resistance furnace, the second method consisted in separately melting the master alloy in an induction electric furnace and then introducing the master alloy into the molten batch. The presence of alloying elements led to an increase in the porosity...

Flexible Strain Sensor Based on Metallized Polyurethane Conductive Sponge Using Laser Direct Writing Process

Liang Dong, Chen Li, Peiying Han, Longgang Song, Yangyang Chen

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):747-754 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.080

Flexible strain sensors show great potential in the field of wearables and health monitoring. However, the application of traditional strain sensors on flexible substrates is still limited, and the development of sensors with high sensitivity, excellent stability and good durability is a current research focus. Aiming at the limitation of traditional strain sensor in flexible materials, a flexible strain sensor based on Kirigami structure is proposed. In this study, a Metallized Polyurethane Conductive Sponge (MPCS) was used as the sensor substrate. In the preparation process, we used laser direct writing process to achieve the preparation of highly...

Optimizing Manufacturing Technology: Unraveling Symmetry in Cubic Equation Roots

Vít Černohlávek, František Klimenda, Marcin Suszynski, Jan Štěrba, Tomáš Zdráhal

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):731-737 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.077

In the realm of engineering the quest for optimization is ceaseless. This article explores the intricate relation-ship between cubic equations and the practical world of production technologies, unearthing the profound connections that underpin mathematical symmetry and its role in engineering. Cubic equations, often arising in the analysis of mechanical systems, electric circuits, and robotics, serve as indispensable tools for under-standing and enhancing real-world applications. This study delves into the methods for finding the roots of cubic equations, shedding light on the vital role of mathematics in engineering and manufacturing technology.

Abrasion Wear Analysis of Commercial Cutting Inserts by Ball-on-disc Method

Tomasz Dembiczak, Robert Kruzel, Nataša Náprstková, Zbigniew Bałaga, Sylvia Kuśmierczak, Joanna Wachowicz, Piotr Reszka

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(5):738-746 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.076

Today's machining requirements cannot be met without the right tool materials. An ideal universal tool material should combine the highest abrasive wear resistance and hardness with high strength and good toughness, while being chemically inert to the workpiece material. Despite the intensive development of materials sciences the fundamental contradiction between hardness, which guaran-tees resistance to abrasive wear, and toughness, which determines impact and fatigue strength, has not been satisfactorily resolved on a global scale. This paper presents the results of tribological wear testing of commercial cutting inserts of S20S, U10S and CC6090...

Navigating the Fourth Industrial Revolution: SBRI - A Comprehensive Digital Maturity Assessment Tool and Road to Industry 4.0 for Small Manufacturing Enterprises

Ludek Volf, Gejza Dohnal, Libor Beranek, Jiri Kyncl

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):668-680 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.074

This article presents the development and validation of SBRI (Small Business Digital Maturity Assessment and Road to Industry 4.0), an innovative methodology for assessing digital maturity and supporting digital transformation specifically designed for small manufacturing enterprises in the context of Industry 4.0. Unlike existing models, which are often too complex or unsuitable for smaller organizations, SBRI considers the unique characteristics and constraints of small businesses. The methodology includes five key dimensions: Strategy, Technology, Process, People, and Organization, elaborated into 25 subdimensions with specific maturity criteria...

Optimizing the Position of a Robotic Arm Using Statistical Methods

Miroslav Marcaník, Milena Kubišová, Vladimír Pata, Jana Knedlová, Oldřich Šuba, Hana Vrbová

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):618-625 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.073

Robotics plays a key role in industry and its use continues to grow. Robots are used in many industries to increase efficiency, productivity, and safety of work processes. This manuscript focuses on the spatial calibration of collaborative robot arms using appropriate statistical tools. Nowadays, there are many special programming languages, simulations or virtual realities (VR), which in most cases perform calibration using matrix relations. The mathematical-statistical solution is not solved very often, and the use of linear relationships is valid only in certain parts of the workspace of the collaborative robot. The purpose of this article is to...

Design and Simulation of Secondary Acceleration Type Rotor for Vertical Shaft impact Crusher

Canhui Wu, Limei Zhao, Cheng Zhang

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):681-691 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.072

In order to improve the crushing effect of the rotor of vertical shaft impact crusher on the particle, the design method of secondary accelerated rotor based on kinematics theory is proposed. And the operation effect of the secondary acceleration type rotor was verified using a combination of computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD-EDM). First, the kinematics of the particles thrown by the rotor throwing head was analyzed. On this basis, the structure of the secondary acceleration type rotor was designed by comprehensively considering factors such as the motion, friction, and collision recovery coefficient of particles; Then,...

Ultimate Response of Strengthened RC Beams in the Flexural Using Plain Cementitious Composites Layer

Ashraf M. Heniegal, Hamdy M. Afefy, Ahmed T. Baraghith, Mostafa Eldwiny, Omar Mohamed Omar Ibrahim

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):567-577 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.071

This paper aims to study the efficiency of using prefabricated layers made from plain cementitious composite materials for enhancing the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) continuous beams. The strengthening system was applied at 20 mm thickness, 150 mm width, and adequate development length. The prefabricated layers were placed in the tension cover in the positive and negative zones. All beams have the same geometric dimensions and positive and negative steel reinforcement ratios. The results showed that the prefabricated layer was deformed with the RC specimen without debonding, which enhanced the cracking patterns and distributed the...

The Effect of a Mixture of Methanol and Gasoline on the Operation of an Engine in an Electric Power Generator System

Jaroslav Mrázek, Martin Pexa, Jakub Čedík

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):636-644 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.070

Methanol, a type of alcohol, with gasoline, a conventional fossil fuel used in internal combustion engines. This blending process is often done to create an alternative fuel that may have certain advantages over using gasoline alone. The combination of methanol and gasoline can offer benefits such as improved combustion efficiency, reduced emissions, and potentially lower overall fuel costs. Methanol has a high-octane rating, which can enhance the combustion characteristics of the fuel mixture. This can lead to more efficient and cleaner combustion in internal combustion engines. Conducting this research is essential to explore potential improvements...

Experimental Identification of Gear Mesh Stiffness and Verification by Theoretical Models

Jan Flek, Tomas Karas, Martin Dub, Frantisek Lopot, Vit Ripa, Josef Kolar

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):552-566 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.069

When analyzing the natural frequencies of a gear mechanism, it's crucial to consider the mesh stiffness, which is influenced by the number of teeth in the mesh. Mesh stiffness behaves as an internal excitation source for the dynamic system, affecting the resulting frequency spectrum. This paper presents an experimental determination of gear mesh stiffness supported by analytical-simulation models of mesh stiffness, outlining common modeling methods and detailing the experimental setup and test specimens. The obtained data are then compared with simulation models of mesh stiffness, discussing the significance of this comparison and emphasizing the role...

An Investigation into Forming of Gears Using Rotary Forging Process

Ayman Ali Abd-Eltwab, Walid Elsyed Ayoub, Mohamed N. El-Sheikh, Essam Khalaf Saied, Nouby M. Ghazaly, Gomaa A. A.

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):539-551 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.068

Gears and toothed parts are significant components in power transmission systems. These parts usu-ally manufactured by traditional methods such as machining by milling or forming by rotary forging. In this study, the forming of solid gears or toothed parts using a forging process that combines rotary forging and ballizing technique. The specimens were placed inside the die with excessive volume to fill the toothed part in the die. The forming tool applies pressure to the specimen while rotating it together with the die by the lathe machine chuck, while the tool advances continuously in the direc-tion of the die. This reduces height of the specimen...

Linear Motor System Identification and Simulation Experiments Based on LabVIEW

Xiaoyan Wu, Shu Wang

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):692-699 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.067

There are currently many control methods for linear motors, and the focus of controlling the motor should be different for different application needs. In general applications, simple PID control can meet the application requirements, but in precision motion situations with high requirements for motion accuracy, response speed, and stability, PID control is often difficult to achieve satisfactory control results, which requires the application of more advanced control strategies to complete. At present, combining multiple control algorithms and concentrating the advantages of each algorithm while trying to overcome each other's disadvantages has become...

Mechanical Properties, Structure and Machinability of the H13 Tool Steel Produced By Material Extrusion

Martin Maly, Stepan Kolomy, Radek Kasan, Lukas Bartl, Josef Sedlak, Jan Zouhar

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):608-617 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.066

The study focuses on an evaluation of mechanical properties of the H13 tool steel manufactured by the material extrusion and further comparison with conventionally produced material. Notably, for achieving sufficient surface quality of functional parts further post-processing is required. Thus, a comprehensive investigation, encompassing hardness, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) measurement, microstructure, and machinability was performed. The material extrusion, an increasingly utilized additive manufacturing (AM) technique, offers a viable alternative to the prevalent laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) methods. This method enables...

Experimental Investigation of Thermofriction’s Impact on Surface Hardness of Steel Products'

Falah Mustafa Al-Saraireh

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):645-651 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.065

The impact of thermofriction on surface hardness has been investigated in this study. The metal disk method, which hardens parts' surfaces utilizing a metal disk, creates a hardened layer with the re-quired mechanical characteristics at a precise depth. The surface of treated products is one indica-tion of quality indicators. It has been noted that the thermal conductivity of the workpiece and tool material affects the irregular dispersion of heat in the processing zone. For evaluating the average integral rates of heating and cooling of the layer, the metal dependences have a significant impact on the form and properties of the friction-strengthened...

Study on Multi-Objective Optimization of Milling Process of Powder Metallurgy Titanium Aluminum Alloys

Wenbing Tian, Wenhu Wang, Yuanbin Wang, Shengguo Zhang

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):652-667 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.064

Currently, there is a demand in the aerospace industry for a more effective and non-invasive milling technique for powder metallurgy γ-TiAl alloy. The primary objective of this research is to examine the surface milling process of a γ-TiAl alloy generated by powder metallurgy. The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of process parameters on the surface roughness and cutting force of the alloy, with the aim of optimizing both surface roughness and cutting force. The response surface method was implemented to examine the milling process, and the NSGA II algorithm was employed to optimise surface roughness, cutting force,...

The Impact of Pre-Existing Surface Texture on Laser Cladding of 316L Cladding

Chen Ma, Weilong Du, Zice Yu, Zihao Zhang, Changlong Zhao

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):594-607 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.063

Laser cladding technology, a novel surface modification technique, is widely employed in tasks such as metal surface strengthening and repair. However, the quality post-cladding often falls short of usage requirements, harbouring defects like cracks and pores. In pursuit of a crack-free cladding method, surface texture technology is integrated with laser cladding technology to establish a multi-field coupled numerical simulation model. This model investigates the temperature, stress, and fluid fields during laser cladding with and without texture, aiming to identify the optimal cladding parameters. The results indicate that the optimal cladding parameters...

Microstructural Analysis, Corrosion Resistance, and Wear Performance Study of Al0.8FeCoNiCrCu0.5Si0.2 High-Entropy Alloy

Peng Zhang, Yanzhou Li

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):700-709 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.062

The high-entropy alloy with the composition Al0.8FeCoNiCrCu0.5Si0.2 was produced through a pro-cess in-volving a vacuum arc melting method. Comprehensive characterization was performed through techniques such as XRD, SEM, and TEM. The findings revealed that the alloy primarily con-sists of Fe-Cr and Al-Ni phases, displaying predominantly two body-centered cubic structures. The alloy exhibited a characteristic dendritic cast structure. The alloy predominantly has high-angle grain boundaries accounting for 96.1%. Its grains demonstrate minimal internal strain and reduced lattice anomalies. The alloy showcased resistance with a corrosion current density...

Thermal – Static Analysis of the Brake Disc in SolidWorks

Daniela Koštialiková, Mariana Janeková, Petra Dubcová, Marek Hulc

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):588-593 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.061

The work deals with the creation of 3D model of a disc brake of a personal vehicle, followed by a simula-tion of thermal and strengh analysis during car braking in the SolidWorks program. The disc brake is made of a gray cast iron, the most common material for this application. Cast iron discs offer excellent performance, making them suitable for various types of vehicles. The deformation of a brake disc was analyzed by using the program SolidWorks, where the first a simulation of the thermal load was per-formed, the aim of which was to determinate the temperature distribution on the brake disc and display the temperature rise during braking. In the...

Modern Conversion Layers as High-Performance Alternatives to Aluminum Anodizing and Its Alloys

Martin Chvojka, Viktor Kreibich, Jan Kudláček

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):532-538 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.060

The paper focuses on a novel and perspective surface treatment technology called Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) applied to aluminium and its alloys. This innovative technology generates layers with specific properties, particularly suitable for tribological and heat-resistant applications. Plasma Electro-lytic Oxidation technology represents an alternative to conventional oxidation methods, offering high utility properties and presenting a completely new approach to surface modification.

Variable Excitation Piezoelectric Energy Capture Device for Powering Scraper Conveyor Tension Detection Systems

Zhang Hezhe, Wang Cong

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):578-587 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.059

Past efforts which focused on the essential monitoring of the chain tension of scraper conveyers employed in fully mechanized coal mining operations have developed innovative power solutions based on the incorporation of piezoelectric devices that generate the electrical power required for the wireless transmission of chain tension data based solely on the vibrations of the scraper conveyor itself. However, these past studies have failed to evaluate the effects of different environmental factors on the electricity generating capacity of the piezoelectric devices. The present work addresses this issue by evaluating the maximum peak-to-peak voltage generated...

Effect of Filler Content and Treatment on Mechanical Properties of Polyamide Composites Reinforced with Short Carbon Fibres Grafted with Nano-SiO₂

Dana Bakošová, Alžbeta Bakošová, Petra Dubcová, Daniela Koštialiková, Andrej Dubec, Mariana Janeková

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):521-531 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.058

The polyamide PA6 composites reinforced with carbon fibres (CF) are widely studied due to their properties and their high strength to weight ratio. Good adhesion between a filler and a matrix is es-sential for enhancing properties of a resulting composite. This study investigates the effect of the short CF content and the used CF treatment on mechanical properties of the PA6-CF composites. The composites were subjected to tensile, flexural, compression, hardness and Charpy tests as well as dynamical mechanical analysis. An atomic force microscopy was employed to investigate topography of the CF and the composites. Initially, the properties of the composites...

The Impact of Cryogenic Temperatures on the Hardness and Tribological Properties of Cobalt Alloys

Jakub Mráz, Totka Bakalova

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(4):626-635 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.057

This article explores the effect of cryogenic temperatures on the properties of cobalt alloys, specifically Stellite 6 and Stellite 12. These alloys are commonly used in applications that require resistance to me-chanical, thermal, and chemical wear. In this study, the focus is on the valve seats for internal combus-tion engines, which are made from cobalt alloys and undergo a freezing process before assembly into the cylinder head. The purpose of freezing is to reduce the diameter of valve seats, making them easier to fit into the cylinder head. However, the length of time spent in freezing can significantly affect the hardness and tribological characteristics...

The Effect of Additive Manufacturing on the Utility Properties of the Reducing Valve Rezistor

Jan Řiháček, Michaela Císařová, Eva Peterková

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(3):429-439 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.043

The article is focused on the analysis of the additive technology (3D printing) applicability by using DMLS in the production of the reducing valve part, i.e. atmospheric resistor. Currently, the men-tioned part is produced by EDM in combination with soldering from the Inconel 718 steel. The use of additive technologies brings the assumption of greater flexibility and economy of production, which is verified by a set of analyzes focused on the accuracy of production and the utility properties of the mentioned part. In addition to technological aspects, such as individual production processes, economic aspects are also compared. Individual comparisons...

Experimental Study of Tool Life Depending on Cutting Speed for 100CrMn6 Materials & Statistical Processing Using Linear Regression Analysis

Ľudmila Timárová, Michal Krbaťa, Marcel Kohutiar, Jana Escherová, Milan Jus

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(3):448-457 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.044

To increase the service life of the cutting tool, various types of coatings are used in modern times, which have a beneficial effect on extending the service life of the tools. Which contributes to reducing the eco-nomic costs of production. The present article examines the effect of cutting speed on the durability of a cutting tool. In the experimental measurements, three types of replaceable cutting inserts were used, without coating, with TiC and TiN coating. The measurements were carried out during technological operations of longitudinal turning on bearing steel 100CrMn6 without the use of coolant. The durability of the cutting discs was evaluated...

Effects of Filler Modification on the Properties of Elastomeric Composites

Róbert Janík, Ivan Labaj, Petra Skalková, Silvia Ďurišová, Katarína Moricová

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(3):365-377 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.056

The application of cellulose (CEL) as a filler in elastomeric composites (ECs) was studied, with cellulose examined in its untreated form (RAW), after DCSBD plasma modification, and ozone pre-treatment. Changes in surface fluorescence demonstrated that DCSBD plasma-modified cellulose achieved better dispersion in the elastomeric composite mixture, which also showed improved strength and elongation in static tensile tests. DMA analysis confirmed changes in visco-elastic properties, with DCSBD plasma-modified cellulose altering the glass transition temperatures of the Elastic and Loss modulus, as well as Tan Delta. SEM microscopy did not conclusively...

Identification of Machine Tool Defects Using Laser Interferometer

Miroslav Matuš, Vladimír Bechný, Richard Joch, Mário Drbúl, Andrej Czán, Michal Šajgalík

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(3):420-428 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.052

The geometric accuracy of a machine is primarily determined by the accuracy of assembly, manufactur-ing, and overall setup. Standardized procedures for assessing geometric accuracy are established and detailed in delivery protocols for various types of machining machines. To effectively monitor and ana-lyze machining machine errors, the most suitable approach is to construct a comprehensive error balance that accounts for the overall performance of the machine. This error balance methodology, a tool within the realm of system analysis, is utilized for predicting and managing systemic errors. The errors ob-served in machined components are intimately...

Analysis and Experimental Verification of Human-Robot Coupling Collaboration Characteristics for Lower Extremity Exoskeleton Rehabilitation Robot Based on ADAMS

Peiqin Wang, Hui Song, Runqiang Liu, Yun-chun Jiang, Yi Zheng

Manufacturing Technology 2024, 24(3):467-477 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2024.055

Motor rehabilitation contributes to neural remodeling in individuals with motor disabilities, which is crucial for their recovery of motor ability. In addressing the No. of human-machine coupling and synergistic motion characteristics in motor rehabilitation, this study analyzes the collaborative motion characteristics of each joint in the lower limbs. A virtual human-machine coupling system is proposed, and the driving functions of the human-machine coupling system are designed. By utilizing ADAMS motion simulation software, the motion characteristics of the human-machine system are analyzed, and the variation patterns of motion parameters at key...