Manufacturing Technology Journal - Latest articles
Results 211 to 240 of 279:
Analysis of the Coating Delamination after Laser Beam Cutting
Anna Mičietová, Miroslav Neslušan, Zuzana Florková, Mária Čilliková
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):670-675 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.070 
This paper analyses surface after laser beam machining with respect of surface height irregularities, residual stress state as well as microstructure on the low alloyed steel S 235. Surface after laser beam machining is investigated due to its specific nature resulting into coating delamination. This coating delamination can be found especially in the regions in which component shape or/and curvature of the profile is altered. Especially the components corners suffer from the delamination due to exten-sive surface heating and presence of brittle oxides layer. The thickness of this oxides layer is hetero-geneous with respect of the component thickness...
The Influence of Industrial-Scale Pack-Boroding Process Time on Thickness and Phase Composition of Selected Cold-Work Tool Steels
Jakub Jopek, Marek Góral, Barbara Koscielniak, Kamil Ochal, Marcin Drajewicz, Magdalena Mokrzycka, Tadeusz Kubaszek, Kamil Dychton, Kamil Gancarczyk, Andrzej Gradzik, Pawel Kwasniewski, Wojciech Gluchowski
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):630-637 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.069
The boride coatings are characterized by attractive set of properties such as high hardness and wear resistance, corrosion resistance in higher temperatures and no wettability by liquid metals like alumi-num and zinc. This type of coating might be used for manufacturing of different parts from tool steels. In present article the influence of pack boriding time (2,4,6h) on microstructure and phase composition of obtained coatings is scrutinized. The pack boriding process was conducted on two groups of cold work tool steels: low-Cr content: 145Cr6, 90MnCrV8, 60WCrV8 and high-Cr content: X165CrV12, X153CrMoV12. The commercial boriding pack Ekabor 2 was...
The Influence of Accelerated Electron Irradiation on the Change of Tribological Behavior of Polymeric Materials PET, PTFE & PE2000C
Lenka Bartosova, Marcel Kohutiar, Michal Krbata, Jana Escherova, Maros Eckert, Milan Jus
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):589-596 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.068
The presented work deals with the study of the effect of increasing the doses of irradiation by accel-erated electrons on the sliding properties of polymer materials. Due to the influence of radiation, sur-face roughness changes occur on the surface of the experimental materials, which lead to changes in the properties of the coefficient of friction on the selected polymer materials. Three types of polymer materials PET, PTFE and PE2000C were used for the experimental research, which, due to their properties, are used for different types of sliding products. A steel ball of G40 material was used as a pressure material, which moved along a linear path...
Structural and Fractographic Analysis of Aluminum Alloy before and after Fatigue Loading
Milan Uhríčik, Peter Palček, Mária Chalupová, Lenka Kuchariková, Lucia Pastierovičová, Denisa Medvecká, Lenka Markovičová, Róbert Balšianka, Alan Vaško
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(5):725-731 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.067
The article deals with the analysis of the structure and fracture surface of aluminum alloy samples. Alu-minum alloy AlMg9 was used as an experimental material. The material from which the samples were made was supplied as cast without heat treatment, and specifically the material was produced by the continuous casting method. The structure of the test material was examined using a Neophot 32 optical microscope, and the fracture surface of the test sample was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The fatigue life of the aluminum alloy was tested by three-point bending cyclic loading using the parameters - frequency f = 100 Hz, temperature...
Exploration and Realization about Teaching Experimental of CNC Machine Tool Based on Virtual Simulation Technology
Lifu Liu, Wei Li, Xuerui Chen
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):485-494 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.066
In order to cultivate students' professional skills and enhance students' practical ability, this paper proposes to create a virtual simulation experiment system of NC machine tool based on SolidWorks software platform, taking vertical machining center as the research object, which is integrated by three modules of NC machine tool structure, machine tool operation and machine tool processing. Firstly, the detailed assembly relationship of each subsystem of the machine tool, the assembly rela-tionship of the overall equipment and the system composition are displayed intuitively by 3D modeling, so that students can understand the 3D modeling method and...
Research on Floating Point Accumulation Based on Improved Kahan Algorithm
Chunling Wang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):551-556 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.065
In the actual factory production, there are often cases of liquid flow accumulation, and most of the controllers used in the project are PLC. Usually, the flow meter is used to measure the instantaneous flow, and then the analog (4-20mA) signal is transmitted to the PLC, and the PLC accumulates the cumulative flow within a certain period of time according to the instantaneous flow transmitted by the flow meter. Due to the floating point type of PLC, the direct accumulation will not reach the accuracy standard, and the cumulative error will occur. In order to eliminate the cumulative error, this paper proposes an improved algorithm based on Kahan 's...
Mapping and Autonomous Obstacle Avoidance of Mobile Robot Based on ROS Platform
Peng Qian, Naijia Xu, Cunlong Fu, Shudong Deng
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):504-512 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.064
With the progress of science and technology and the continuous development of robot technology, the performance and intelligence of robots are also constantly improving. It has been widely used in many fields such as life service, military, industrial production and so on. Among them, autonomous mobile is an important embodiment of intelligence. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem of robot real-time positioning and map building (SLAM). SLAM is the abbreviation of Simultaneous localization and mapping, which means "synchronous localization and mapping". It is mainly used to solve the problem of localization and mapping when robots move in...
Effect of Milling Parameters on the Surface Roughness of SiCp/Al Materials
Liang Wang, Yongqiang Pan, Xiaoxin Zhu
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):545-550 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.063
The presence of reinforcing particles SiCp seriously affects the cutting surface quality of SiCp/Al materials.In this study, different machining parameters were tested to obtain good surface quality, and the surface quality of SiCp/Al alloy material under different milling parameters was studied by using the surface profilometer and scanning electron microscope to explore the effect of cutting pa-rameters on surface quality. The results showed that the Surface roughness value increased with the increase of feed rate and milling speed, and milling speed was the dominant factor in the microstruc-ture evolution of the machined surface. In addition, an...
Analysis of Cutting Forces with Application of the Discrete Wavelet Transform in Titanium Ti6Al4V Turning
Paweł Karolczak
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):449-460 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.062
The paper presents the possibilities of using the wavelet transform to filter the cutting force signal. Tests were carried out by dry turning on the Ti6Al4V alloy with variable cutting parameters. Four blades with different nose geometry and coatings were used. From the recorded waveforms, the mean values of the force component Fc and the load stability coefficient were calculated. The measured force waveforms were filtered with Daubechies 4 (db4) and Daubechies 6 (db6) wavelets. From the ratio of the load stabil-ity after filtration to the load stability before filtration, the noise and disturbance values generated during the turning of the tested...
Possibilities for Improvement of Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Medium-Carbon SiCr Steels
Pavel Salvetr, Jakub Kotous, Črtomir Donik, Aleksandr Gokhman, Zbyšek Nový
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):525-531 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.061
The 54SiCr6 high-strength low-alloyed steel with medium carbon content is studied in this work. Its excellent mechanical properties allow a wide range of applications as springs and vibration dampers. The high strength is usually achieved during heat treatment consisting of quenching and tempering. This manuscript represents several methods to further increase in mechanical properties. Firstly, the influence of microstructure before quenching and tempering was studied and enhanced plastic prop-erties were measured. Secondly, a thermomechanical treatment before quenching increased the strength. Finally, the use of strain assisted tempering caused a...
Research on Viewpoint Planning Method for Multi-view Image 3D Reconstruction
Yun Shi, Yanyan Zhu
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):532-537 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.060
A model-based viewpoint planning and filtering method is proposed to determine the position and pose of viewpoints in 3D reconstruction of multi-view images. The method first determines the necessary parameters to control the camera position and attitude. Second, the mathematical error model is developed and combined with stereo overlap to guide viewpoint selection. According to the shooting distance, a dense candidate view area is then established, the subview collection is screened, & a view supplement scheme is proposed for the area where the candidate view cannot be shot, improving the integrity of the resulting data. Experimental results demonstrate...
Exploration of Key Technologies of Intelligent Inspection Robots in the Application of Automatic Energy Meter Verification Line
Xurong Jin, Xinrui Zhang, Zhiqiang Cheng, Yunpeng Li, Bo Fan, Xu Chen, Xiangwei Wang, Mingqiang Wang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):426-435 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.059
There are many drawbacks and inconveniences in the application of human power in the energy meter calibration line. In order to achieve a standardized level of operation and to improve the efficiency and quality of the automated meter testing line, this paper applies the intelligent inspection robot to the automated meter testing line and discusses the key technologies involved. Based on the texture characteristics of the screws on the energy meter cover, a screw coordinate positioning method based on the texture center of gravity method is designed as a machine vision technique for intelligent inspection robots. Based on the feedforward controller...
Function Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Aero-engine VBV
Zhaorong Sun, Xu Wang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):538-544 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.058
Variable Bleed Valve (VBV) as the core component of aero-engine compressor air flow control, plays a vital role in eliminating the risk of booster stall during transient conditions, and is an important foundation to ensure the stable operation of engine and the flight safety of aircraft. In this paper, the VBV of a certain engine is studied to build its function model and carry out the system simulation analysis based on AMESIM. Secondly, the control system simulation model is established by using MATLAB and aircraft Quick Access Recorder (QAR) data. In combination with the function model and the control model, the working characteristic curve of VBV...
Assembly Sequence Intelligent Planning based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Wei Zhang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):557-563 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.056
Traditional assembly sequence solving methods often face problems such as combinatorial explosion and low efficiency in solving complex products with multiple parts. To improve the level of assembly sequence planning (ASP), an interference matrix is established to express the basic assembly information of a product. Taking the stability of the assembly sequence, the number of assembly direction changes, and the number of assembly tool changes as evaluation indicators, a fitness function is constructed. An improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) approach for ASP is developed based on the peculiarities of the ASP issue. Redefining particle positions,...
Devising a Multi-camera Motion Capture and Processing System for Production Plant Monitoring and Operator’s Training in Virtual Reality
Joanna Gąbka
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):399-417 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.057
The paper presents work aimed at building practical applications of virtual reality (VR) in manufacturing environments. It contains studies of the optical properties of cameras and lenses aimed at the selection of an optimal set (camera, adapter, lens) for the realization of recordings and video transmissions in stereoscopic format for VR. In response to the increasing trend in the number of applications of VR systems in the industry, works have been initiated with the purpose of building a system levelling image noise identified thus far as an obstacle to the effective utilization of VR in production systems. It was considered that picture error correction...
Identification Method of Vibration Drilling Bit Wear State Based on Signal Im-aging and Deep Learning
Yingyu Du, Zhiyi Lu, Enquan Chang, Qinghua Li, Yaochen Shi
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):392-398 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.055
In vibration-assisted drilling, the wear state of the drill bit affects the processing quality of the hole. The traditional method of identifying the wear state of the drill bit adopts the method of packet de-composition, ignoring the timing characteristics of the signal. In this paper, the force and acoustic emission signals in vibration-assisted drilling are used. The Gram angle field converts the one-dimensional time series into a two-dimensional image, while retaining the trajectory of the time se-ries in the high-dimensional space. Based on the Graham difference field (GADF) image of force and AE, the Inception improved convolutional neural network...
Identification of Residual Stresses after Machining a Gearwheel Made by Sintering Metal Powder
Peter Kozový, Michal Šajgalík, Mário Drbúl, Jozef Holubják, Jaromír Markovič, Richard Joch, Róbert Balšianka
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):468-474 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.054
SLS additive technology is an innovative method of metal components production, using a high material proportion. Currently, gearwheels are still one of the most used engineering parts, not only in the automotive, but also in other industries. For example, milling is used to reduce their weight, but the material can be distorted after this operation. The occurrence of cracks propagating in the transition region after induction hardening was the reason for conducting experiments with an alternative machining technology. The article deals with the identification of the influence of machining on residual stress change of a gearwheel made of sintered metal...
The Piston Velocity Impact on the Filling Chamber Wave Formation of High Pressure Die Casting Machine in 1st Phase of Casting Cycle
Jan Majernik, Martin Podaril
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):495-503 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.053
The quality properties of high pressure die casts are closely correlated with porosity. The formation of porosity is primarily initiated by entrapment of air and gases in the volume of the melt, during its transition through the gating system. This entrapment can occur as a result of an incorrect design of the gating system, incorrect setting of the casting technological parameters, or sometimes a combi-nation of both causes. The setting of the piston velocity in the first and second phase of the casting cycle has the highest proportion of the gas entrapment of all the technological parameters. The sub-mitted article is describing the influence of...
High Temperature Protective Coatings for Aeroengine Applications
Jakub Jopek, Magdalena Mokrzycka, Marek Góral, Barbara Koscielniak, Kamil Ochal, Marcin Drajewicz
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):436-448 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.052
Nickel superalloys are the main materials used in manufacturing of turbine blades and vanes in aero-space industry. They works is extremely high temperature in a corrosive environment (oxidation, hot corrosion) and undergo several different thermo-mechanical loads. Aluminide coatings are the main method of protection of the surface of nickel superalloys against exhaust gasses environment in jet en-gine. In presented article the microstructural characterization of aluminide coatings produced using two industrial methods (pack cementation and out of pack was conducted. The commercially available powders manufactured by Oerlikon-Metco were used in aluminizing...
Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty Obtained with a Tool Probe on a CNC Machine Tool
Daria Sałamacha, Jerzy Józwik
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):513-524 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.051
The paper presents the results of measurement uncertainty obtained with a tool probe for 4 cutting tools with different values of the nominal radius rf = {3,4,5,7} mm. The tool probe was used to collect experimental data enabling the evaluation of the uncertainty budget of the measuring system. The evaluation was made based on a statistical analysis of measured tool radius values. Each radius value was determined by 30 repetitions of tool probe measurement. The mean value and the standard uncertainty of obtained results were determined. Assuming that the expansion factor was k=2, the expanded uncertainty U was determined, its value ranging between...
Study of the Effect of Pretreatment of 3D Printed PLA Filament Modified by Plasma Discharge and Changes in Its Dynamic-Mechanical Properties
Marcel Kohutiar, Róbert Janík, Michal Krbata, Lenka Bartosova, Milan Jus, Ľudmila Timárová
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):461-467 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.050
The presented study focuses on the study of polylactide acid (PLA) material, which is a frequently used material in 3D printing. Surface modification using DCSBD plasma discharge is proposed as a way to improve the adhesion between individual layers of material. Adhesion is a critical factor for achieving high-quality print output, as low adhesion can cause individual deposited layers of material to separate and ripple during printing. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) is used to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg) of a material. Tg is important because it determines how difficult the material is to print, the closer the Tg is to room temperature,...
Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Strengthening Mechanism of Back Extruded WE71 Magnesium Alloy Cylindrical Part
Ting Li, Dehao Bu, Jiawei Yuan, Xiaolei Han, Zhiwei Du, Zhaoqian Sun, Yonggang Peng, Kui Zhang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):475-484 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.049
In the present work, the microstructure, crystal orientation, mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms for different regions of WE71 cylindrical parts have been investigated. The results showed that from inner wall to outer wall, second phases density, DRX fraction decreased but average grain size increased, which is well agree with the strain state and metal flow during back extrusion. For compression area, α//ED texture type can be found in region a, but α directions deflects from ED to TD at a certain angle for region b and c. For shear area, α directions deflects from ED to TD about 10°~45°. For stable forming area, the...
Experimental Validation of the Biomechanical Response of an Anthropo-morphic Testing Device (Dummy) at Low Impact Velocities
Karel Jelen, Petr Kubovy, Frantisek Lopot, Lukas Fara, Roman Jezdik, Filip Hrusa, Hynek Purs, Tommi Tikkanen, Martin Novak, Martin Svoboda, Lubos Tomsovsky
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):418-425 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.047
The paper describes the experimental validation of the biomechanical response of the Hybrid III 50th Percentile Male Pedestrian Dummy (JASTI, Tokyo, Japan) at low impact velocity (up to 2.2 m/s) in comparison with that of human probands. The paper is based on previous research that was focused on the tram-pedestrian crash tests using the same dummy. The biofidelity of the dummy was analyzed in two collision scenarios: the anteroposterior impact (chest impact) and lateral impact (shoulder impact) using a unique pendulum impact testing machine of own design and construction. The primary outcome variable was the peak resultant acceleration of the head...
Advances in Surface Laser Cladding Remanufacturing of Shaft Parts
Changlong Zhao, Junbao Yang, Ming Li, Qinxiang Zhao, Hongnan Ma, Xiaoyu Jia, Haifeng Zhang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(4):564-578 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.037
This paper provides an overview of the commonly used processes and equipment for laser cladding, including pre-set powder feeding, simultaneous powder feeding, wire feeding cladding, and coaxial cladding nozzles. By comparing the above processes and related nozzles, the coating characteristics are summarized for the selection of appropriate methods and equipment in different working environments. Meanwhile, the morphology and properties of the clad layers of shaft parts processed with different process parameters (e.g. laser power, scanning speed, lap rate, powder feed rate) and the influence of the combined parameters are overviewed. The changes and...
Gas Metal Arc Welding Input Parameters Impacts on Weld Quality Characteristics of Steel Materials a Comprehensive Exploration
Tesfaye Negash Wordofa, Perumalla Janaki Ramulu
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):366-379 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.046
To be competitive, present-day manufacturing industries strive to optimize manufacturing parameters and produce quality products consistently. From various manufacturing processes, welding is one of the key processes for joining a large variety of indispensable products including the production of automotive body in white structures, assembly of large metal civil structures, nuclear installations, pressure vessels, aircraft, and spacecraft materials, etc. In order to get the level of quality requirement of welded components, an optimized combination of welding parameters plays a vital role. However, the realizations of this optimum combination of welding...
Experimental Study on the Effect of Oxidation on the Compressibility of Iron Powder
Falah Mustafa Al- Saraireh
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):319-325 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.045
An experimental study was carried out on the effect of oxidation temperature and the oxide film composition on the compressibility of porous materials. samples were annealed at different temperatures; the size change in the samples after annealing was measured. The phase composition of the oxide layer was investigated. Magnetite was generated at between 350 and 450°C, and two-phase oxide was formed at 550°C, after oxidation, weight gain was determined. The presence of pore overgrowth, which reduces porosity, was confirmed by metallographic tests. The maximum porosity is found in the oxidized samples produced by pressing at room temperature. The process...
Volume Change Measurements Using 2D DIC System
Barbora Kotlánová, Jakub Javořík, Milan Žaludek, Raphael Olabanji Ogunleye
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):307-312 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.044
The presented study focuses on measuring volume changes in elastomeric materials using digital image correlation (DIC), specifically the 2D DIC universal system and the 2D DIC video-extensometer directly implemented to the universal testing machine. Optical measurement methods were applied in two-dimensional (2D) configurations during the mechanical testing of dumbbell-shaped test specimens under uniaxial tension. The measured data were used to determine the dependencies of the bulk modulus and Poisson's ratio on the strain. The dependencies obtained by both methods correspond to the model behavior of rubber-like materials. Compared to the 2D DIC implemented...
Application of the Method of Planned Experiment for the Evaluation of the Surface Roughness Parameter Ra
Ľudmila Timárová, Alena Breznická, Beáta Kopiláková
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):348-353 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.043
The basic process of acquiring new knowledge is trial/experiment. We can define an experiment as a certain process that we prepare, organize and plan in order to know the object under investigation. Each experiment requires a multifaceted activity associated with professional knowledge, preparation of material security, espe-cially security with measuring devices and measurement methods for determining the correct (objective) measured values. Planning experiments and analyzing the obtained results are important stages in revealing the nature and course of the technological process. With the planned experiment, we try to create such con-ditions that...
Possibilities of Using Impedance Spectroscopy for Indirect Measurements of Thin Layers of Al & Cr-Al Coatings on Ni-based Superalloy Inconel 713LC Applied by the "Out-of-pack" Diffusion Method
Michal Krbata, Peter Fabo, Marcel Kohutiar, Jana Escherova, Michal Kuba, Marta Kianicova, Maros Eckert
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):313-318 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.042
The presented work deals with the research of the super-alloy Inconel 713LC, on which an Al-based coating was applied using the "Out-of-pack" diffusion coating process, or CrAl. In this contribution, the results of measuring the thickness of thin coatings using a confocal laser microscope and the method of impedance spectroscopy are presented and discussed. This can demonstrate the possibility of being used also for researching the properties of thin layers using a VF probe, which, thanks to the use of ferrite, has a practically constant inductance in the entire frequency range, and the presence of a metal sample in the magnetic circuit of the probe...
Effect of High Temperature Heat Treatment on the Structure and Properties of FeCoCrNiZr Alloy
Jiasheng Shen, Sheng Lei, Jigen Fang, Yafeng Liu, Zhengqiang Hu, Shaojie Cui, Hailang Zhang, Zhengwei Xue
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):326-332 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.041
FeCoCrNiZr high-entropy alloy was melted by vacuum arc melting. The alloys were vacuum annealed at 873, 1073, and 1273K, respectively. The microstructure, compressive mechanical properties, thermal stability, and hardness of as-cast and annealed FeCoCrNiZr alloys at different annealing temperatures were investigated by using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness tester and universal material testing machine. The results reveal that it has no noticeable change in the phase composition of the alloy after high temperature annealing. The as-cast FeCoCrNiZr alloy is composed of the body-centred cubic phase and Laves...