Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2018 (vol. 18), issue 5
Impact of Cutting Speed on Grinding Wheel Wear and Cutting Force when Grinding Cermet
Tomas Baksa, Jindrich Farsky, Ondrej Hronek, Miroslav Zetek
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):699-703 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/163.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/699 
This study is focused on research in the field of grinding cermet materials. Different grinding conditions in terms of several cutting speeds were used for grinding two cermets with different chemical compositions. A diamond grinding wheel and the same grinding strategy was used for each test. The influence of the cutting speed on the spindle load and the calculated cutting force was observed. It was found that higher cutting speed causes lower calculated cutting force but higher spindle load because of the higher RPM of the grinding wheel. This affects the grinding process and the resulting quality of the ground surface. Cracks and breakout occurred...
Mathematical Model of the RRR Anthropomorphic Mechanism for 2D Biomechanical Analysis of a Deep Squat and Related Forms of Movement
Václav Bittner, Radim Štryncl, Karel Jelen, Martin Svoboda
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):704-708 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/164.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/704
The aim of this study was to create a mathematical model of the RRR anthropomorphic mechanism for a 2D biomechanical analysis of a deep squat and related forms of movement. The segment stick model is designed to diagnose the movement with sagittal plan symmetry. Based on the input data from kinematic and dynamometric analysis, and from the anthropometric data of the monitored person, it is possible to estimate the resulting momentum of the forces acting on the main joints of the lower body. The technology may be applied in analysing deep squats, studying the dynamics of vertical reflection as well as in the biomechanical analysis of related forms of...
Influence of Molybdenum, Zircon and Copper on Structure of Aluminum Alloy AlSi10Mg(Cu) (En Ac-43200)
Dana Bolibruchová, Peter Hajdúch, Marek Brůna
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):709-718 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/165.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/709
The paper deals with the influence of molybdenum, zirconia and cobalt on the AlSi10Mg (Cu) alloy microstructure. The work methodology was focused on the analysis of phases morphology for material alloyed with Mo, Zr and Co. Molybdenum in the AlSi10MgCu alloy creates phases with skeletal morphology bounded on iron phases Al(Fe, Mn, Mo)Si. Used heat treatment has softened these phases and is a prerequisite for increasing the strength characteristics and hardness. By alloying the alloy with zirconium to isolate Al3Zr phases, which represent a strong nucleation potential for α-Al. It has been confirmed that Al3Zr particles do not tend to interact...
Assessment of Usability of WC-Co Powder Mixtures for SLM
David Bricin, Antonin Kriz
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):719-726 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/166.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/719
This paper aims to provide comprehensive information on the usability of WC-Co powder mixtures for the additive technology of selective laser melting (SLM). Three different WC-Co powder mixtures and a precipitation-hardenable steel powder, which is ordinarily used for this process, were compared. Metallographic analysis by means of optical and scanning electron microscopes was performed for evaluating their properties. Phase composition of the powders was studied using X-ray analysis. Results of these analyses enable the WC-Co powder mixtures to be ranked in the order of suitability for the SLM process.
Fatigue Life of Al-Honeycomb Core Composites Construction
Alexander Čapka, Sona Rusnakova, Milan Žaludek, Konstantinos Karvanis
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):727-731 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/167.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/727
Polymer composite honeycomb sandwich panels (PCHSPs) are used in many sectors of industry, such as in aerospace, defense and public transport factory. Sandwich panels consist of two facing skins and the core. Products of all industry sectors have to meet requirements on their dependability. This research paper deals with a proposal of the most appropriate methodology for dependability testing of PCHSPs products used in transport industry. Dependability is a global concept that includes terms such as availability, reliability, durability, maintainability, supportability, etc. The experiments have shown S-N curves with damages and without damages of...
The Application of Virtual Reality for Hazard Identification Training in the Context of Machinery Safety: A Preliminary Study
Miroslav Dado, Luboš Kotek, Richard Hnilica, Zdeněk Tůma
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):732-736 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/168.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/732
In order to successfully acquire knowledge in area of machinery safety for engineering students it is necessary to adopt elementary principles associated with risk assessment. Identification of possible hazards is an important part of risk assessment and engineering students need to take part also in hands-on training to supplement their learning process. It is clear that one major obstacle to improve safety training is the problem of allowing learners to work directly with hazardous equipment. Traditional approach is based on the use of slide show presentations enhanced by animations or videos. This training method is passive in nature and does not...
Corrosion Resistant Magnesium-Based Composite Material with MgF2 Continuous Network Prepared by Powder Metallurgy
Drahomír Dvorský, Jiří Kubásek, Eva Kristianová, Dalibor Vojtěch
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):737-741 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/169.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/737
This paper enhances an innovative way of preparation of the composite materials by powder metallurgy. Magnesium-fluoride composite material prepared by spark plasma sintering exerted improved corrosion resistance. Magnesium powder was coated by boiling of Mg powder in concentrated NaOH and subsequent immersion in HF. Treated powder was successfully compacted via spark plasma sintering. The composite material with a continuous network of MgF2 is prepared and it exerts improved mechanical and highly enhanced corrosion resistance compared with the pure magnesium.
Effect of Particle Size on Surface Smoothness of Bio-Briquettes Produced from Agricultural Residues
Gürkan Alp Kagan Gürdil, Bahadir Demirel
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):742-747 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/170.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/742
This study analyzed the surface smoothness of some fuel briquettes produced from hazelnut, corn and sunflower residues. The residues were briquetted with different particle sizes (PS: 2-5 mm and 7-10 mm) under 80 MPa and 160 MPa. The surface smoothness of them were analyzed by image analyze from their high quality photos. In conclusion, it's seen obviously that the smaller particle sized briquettes had smoother surface than the ones produced with bigger PS. Furthermore, they had better results of compaction, toughness and physical properties.
Wear Monitoring of the Trucks
Vladimír Hönig
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):748-752 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/171.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/748
The article deals with the monitoring of wear of truck oils in order to determine their wear. The research part is focused on engine oils, tribology and analytical methods for evaluation of oil degradation by abrasion particles. Thanks to these non-invasive technologies for monitoring and analyzing engine wear trends, an optimum oil change interval can be effectively set. The experiment analyzes engine oil samples from trucks and found the values of metal particles. Reference values for oil degradation levels are determined based on trend analysis. Metal abrasion particles and total impurities are determined and the state of the oils is evaluated experimentally.Optimal...
Microstructure of AlCrFeSi Alloys Prepared by High-Pressure Spark Plasma Sintering
Anna Knaislová, Daniel Kučera, Alena Michalcová, Ivo Marek, Sławomir Cygan, Lucyna Jaworska
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):753-757 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/172.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/753
The rapidly solidified aluminium alloy with slowly diffusing transition metals (iron, chromium) prepared by powder metallurgy techniques is characterized by higher thermal stability in comparison with other common aluminium alloys thanks to hardening of dispersed intermetallic phases. The solubility of transition metals in aluminium is increased by rapid solidification, however, their content, in the alloy, is simultaneously significantly reduced due to the formation of hard and brittle intermetallic phases, which lessen plasticity, ductility, and strength of the material. This work is devoted to the description of a microstructure of AlCr6Fe2Si1 alloy...
Phase Composition and Microstructure of Zn Coated Press Hardening Steels for Direct Hot Stamping
Vojtěch Kučera, Jaroslav Pert-Soini, Dalibor Vojtěch
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):758-763 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/173.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/758
Decarburization and oxidation occur during production of press hardening steels (PHS) used in automotive. Therefore, coatings are applied on the steel surface to prevent this. The most common Zn coatings have not been processable by available direct hot stamping technology ordinarily used to produce the PHS and have been replaced by Al-Si coatings. However, the Al-Si coatings have a negative impact on joining technologies and further processing. Recently, the modification of direct hot stamping, which enables process the PHS with Zn coatings, was introduced. We investigated the microstructure, phase composition and distribution of particular phases...
Effect of Thermo-Mechanical Treatment with Various Annealing Hold Conditions on Al Alloyed TRIP Steel
Ludmila Kučerová, Andrea Jandová, Štěpán Jeníček
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):764-768 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/174.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/764
Heat and thermo-mechanical treatment of TRIP (transformation induced plasticity) steels conventionally containes an annealing hold in the temperature region of bainitic transformation to obtain microstructure suitable for utilization of TRIP effect. The hold ensures stabilization of retained austenite and formation of sufficient amount of bainite.The conditions of this hold play an important role in obtaining good combination of high strength and total elongation of TRIP steel. This article deals with the effect of temperature and duration of a bainitic hold on the final microstructure and mechanical properties of TRIP steel processed by thermo-mechanical...
Analysis of Al-Si Layer on Steel Sheet during Thermo Mechanical Processing Using Microscopic Methods
Sylvia Kusmierczak, Michal Slavik
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):769-774 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/175.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/769
High strength steel 22MnB5 according to DIN EN 10083-3 belongs to the group of HF steels frequently used in the production of coachwork. Using the thermo mechanical pressing can be achieved that these steels have strength of about 1500 MPa. The surface of this steel is provided with a protective coating to protect it from oxidation. Galvanic ally, a Zn-based layer is used to provide cathodic protection. The Zn-based layer is limited by the temperature which is insufficient for TMP. Hot-dip galvanizing is also applied to an Al-based layer that does not serve as a cathodic protection but is used as an effective oxidation barrier. The quality of the Al-Si...
The Influence of Thermal Load on Composite Coating PTFE
Irena Lysoňková, Jaroslava Svobodová, Michal Lattner
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):775-780 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/176.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/775
This article deals with the thermal stability of the PTFE coating and the composite coating composed with the PTFE matrix and titanium dioxide particles. These coatings have application in production of aluminium moulds in the automotive industry, specifically in the vulcanization of rubber materials. The first type of coating (PTFE coating) is already applied in the production and thanks to its application on the Al mould surface, the maintenance interval was increased by up to 400% compared to the uncoated state. Vulcanization of rubber compounds usually take place at a temperature 150 - 170°C. This temperature can be increased after addition of...
Mechanical Resistance of Hydrophobic Inorganic-Organic Nanolayers with Antifouling Effect
Vojtěch Miller, Totka Bakalova, Petr Exnar, Irena Lovětinská Šlamborová, Petr Louda
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):781-786 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/177.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/781
This paper deals with the preparation, composition and mechanical resistance of inorganic-organic nanolayers with built-in hydrophobic groups through sol-gel synthesis. The components of the nanolayers are 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, tetraethyl orthosilicate and hydrophobic chains - hydrocarbon chains in the range of 8 to 16 carbons. The study is aimed at evaluating the mechanical properties of prepared nanolayers with different hydrophobic chains compared to a reference sample without any hydrophobic groups. An abrasion resistance test was performed on several selected nanolayers with the best hydrophobic and antifouling properties. In...
Tool Life Investigation of the Thread Making Tools
Katarina Monkova, Peter Monka, Jozef Jurko, Ondřej Bílek, Jacek Habel
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):787-792 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/178.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/787
The article deals with an experimental investigation tool life of the thread making tools. During long-time tests, the uncoated taps for M12 threads making were used. They were produced from high speed steel with cone type C. Three helix angles ω = 0°, 15° and 35° of taps have been investigated at the cutting speeds of 10 mmin-1 (within the first experimental phase) and 20, 30, 40 mmin-1 (during the second phase). The holes for threads making were pre-drilled into workpieces that were bars (with a cross-section of 30 x 60 mm). They were produced from C45 steel that is a standard material used at long-term tests of tool durability. Microhardness...
Influence of Tool Wear on Surface State after Turning Stainless Steels
Miroslav Neslušan, Mária Čilliková, Anna Mičietová, Jiří Čapek
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):793-798 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/179.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/793
This paper deals with influence of tool wear on surface integrity after turning of stainless steels. Surface integrity is expressed in terms of structure transformation initiated by turning process as well as Barkhausen noise emission. Furthermore, components of cutting forces are also measured as a function of tool wear and their evolution along with developed flank wear VB is presented. The results indicate that presence of carbides in the matrix - their size and density play a significant role in the resistance of the matrix against the structure transformations. The results also indicate that Barkhausen noise technique is sensitive to structure...
Mesocomposites Based on the Polymethylmethacrylate Matrix
Jan Novotný, Martin Jaskevič, Irena Lysoňková
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):799-804 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/180.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/799
This article describes the formation of a composite coating in a polymer matrix on an aluminum alloy. It is a PMMA coating (polymethylmethacrylate) with the addition of TiO2 particles. Working with these particles requires not only safety but also a suitable preparation process to obtain particles of suitable size, their subsequent homogeneous distribution in the coating (particles of this size are influenced by electrostatically attractive forces and have a strong tendency to aggravate). The first part describes the material used, sample preparation and coating process, surface roughness measurement, SEM and EDS analysis of selected samples. The aim...
Application of Electrical Conductivity Measurements in Material Research and in Solution of Technological Problems
Vladivoj Očenášek, Jan Luštinec, Miroslav Cieslar, Matúš Bajcura
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):805-810 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/181.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/805
Electrical conductivity depends significantly on a structural state. It can be influenced by chemical composition, content of alloying elements, presence of different types of phases and dislocation substructure as well. Therefore, the relation between electrical conductivity and mechanical properties is very interesting from a material point of view. In combination with structural analyses (metallography, electron microscopy), important information about materials structures and their changes as a function of various factors (deformation, heat treatment) can be obtained. The present paper describes the role of electrical conductivity measurements...
Firefighter Ladders Made of AA6063 Alloy Exposed to Elevated Temperatures and its Influence onto Mechanical Properties
Filip Průša, Denisa Kubíčková, Vít Jonák, Zbyněk Veselka, Dalibor Vojtěch
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):811-816 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/182.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/811
The firefighting ladders belong to essential tools used by members of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic. In the past, wooden ladders were used although their applicability and duration were strongly limited. Formerly used wooden ladders were then replaced with steel-made. However, the weight of such ladders caused big problems during the firefighting and therefore an aluminium ladders made of AA 6063 alloy are nowadays used. The ladders are however susceptible to thermal effects during firefighting and may reduce its mechanical properties. The present paper reports the microstructural change of two different ladders both made of AA 6063...
Effect of Zirconium, Niobium and Chromium on Structure and Properties of Ni-Ti Alloy
Pavel Salvetr, Andrea Školáková, Lucie Šulcová, Zdeněk Kačenka, Barbora Kadlecová, Pavel Novák
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):817-820 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/183.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/817
This work deals with the possibility of modification of the phase composition and improvement of the properties of the NiTi alloy by alloying with other elements. After the production by conventional melting metallurgy as well as powder metallurgy, the Ni-Ti alloys contain in addition to the NiTi shape memory phase a lot of other phases, for example Ti2Ni, Ni3Ti, Ni4Ti3. Some of these phases can have an undesirable effect on the properties of the Ni-Ti alloy. A possible solution is the addition of alloying elements to destabilize these phases. The aim of this work is to describe the effect of Zr, Nb and Cr as alloying elements in the amount of 1 and...
Microstructure of advanced tool steels produced by powder metallurgy
Jan Šerák, Vojtěch Pečinka, Dalibor Vojtěch
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):821-827 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/184.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/821
In this work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of three types of high-speed tool steels (Vanadis 60, ASP 2052 and S 705) were studied. The steel S 705 was made by conventional ingot metallurgy technology, and other types of steels were manufactured by powder metallurgy technology. The studied steels were examined both in the soft state and further in the hardened condition with subsequent tempering. Microstructure of metallographic cuts and fracture areas was studied by electron microscopy. Hardness, tensile properties and notch toughness were determined. Significant differences in the properties of steels in both studied states have been...
Thermal Analysis of NiAl30 Powder Mixture
Andrea Školáková, Pavel Salvetr, Pavel Novák
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):828-832 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/185.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/828
NiAl alloys belong to the group of modern materials for high temperature application due to their low density, excellent thermal stability and oxidation resistance. They could be used as high temperature components which are usually made of nickel superalloys, heat-resistant steel or even cobalt superalloys. Production of these alloys is relatively simple and moreover, they could be used at higher temperatures exceeding 1000 °C. However, their high melting points and poor casting properties complicate the production by melt-metallurgy process. Powder metallurgy and reactive sintering were found to be a suitable replacement for melt-metallurgy. Many...
Analysis of Integrity of Surface of Hardened Chromium-Nickel Steel after Finishing Grinding
Dana Stancekova, Michal Šajgalík, Jozef Mrázik, Anna Rudawska, Miroslav Janota
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):833-838 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/186.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/833
The paper is focused on the surface integrity in grinding of chromium-nickel steels. These steels are high alloy with an austenitic structure, which guarantees corrosion resistance in combination with high toughness and strength. They are used in various areas. The variety of their use also requires good properties in terms of technical processing. Most high-alloy chromium-nickel steels are well weldable and moldable, but their machinability is a problem, which was also experimentally monitored in the fine grinding process.
An Analysis of the Assembly Line Modernization by Using Simulation Software
Erika Sujová, Elena Střihavková, Helena Čierna
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):839-845 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/187.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/839
The article deals with the optimization and modernization of assembly systems by creating models in the simulation software. The creation of digital models is a current trend in enterprise digitization called Industry 4.0. The Tecnomatix Plant Simulation environment allows you to create a virtual model of a real assembly line with the input of its basic production parameters. To perform the analysis, 8 real assembly lines were used, with an average of 15 workplaces, which were integrated into one universal line by means of simulation. The aim was to analyse the effectiveness of the proposed modernization universal assembly line using the generated...
Degradation Structures of the Steels Applied in Energetics
Jaroslava Svobodova, Ivan Lukáč
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):846-850 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/188.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/846
Currently, it is in the power industry exerted the pressure in terms of environmental impact and economics. That means requirements focussed on the development of high efficiency and low emission systems. Both of these requirements leads to the increasing of the thermal efficiency of a power plant and that means also increasing of the working temperatures. In the future, it will be necessary to develop materials that can withstand these demanding conditions and requirements. Strength of steel used at high temperatures is one of the properties which affect the life time of the power equipment. These properties strongly depend on microstructure of material....
Construction and Properties of Ripples on Polymers for Sensor Applications
Václav Švorčík, Oldřich Neděla, Petr Slepička, Oleksiy Lyutakov, Nikola Slepičková Kasálková, Zdeňka Kolská
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):851-855 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/189.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/851
Surface modification of polystyrene and polyethylene naphthalate by a KrF pulse excimer UV laser under the angles of incidence of the laser beam in the range of 0 to 60° with a step of 7.5° was studied in this paper. The influence of the angle of incidence on the period of the resulting surface structures and the modified refractive index of the substrates was determined with all the other parameters of the laser radiation held constant. All data was acquired on the basis of surface analysis. Atomic force microscopy was used to study the morphological changes in the laser treated samples and to determine the period of the ripple-like surface structures,...
Technological Parameters and PMMA Surface Structure
Libuše Sýkorová, Jana Knedlová, Vladimír Pata, Milena Kubišová
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):856-860 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/190.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/856
The paper focuses on the issue of microprocessing of polymer materials by laser. Specifically, the task is solved by changing the technological parameters, namely the cutting speed, the power and a change of DPI and their impact on the resulting surface quality and depth of cut. During machining, the input technological parameters were changed and followed by evaluation of their interaction with the concentrated radiant energy of the laser beam PMMA, as and representative of the amorphous polymers, was selected for experimental machining. It is one of the best machinable polymer materials regarding this unconventional technology, and it is also frequently...
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Composite Geopolymer Blocks Reinforced with Basalt Fibres
Michal M. Szczypinski, Petr Louda, Petr Exnar, Hiep Le Chi, Vladimír Kovačič, Le Van Su, Lukáš Voleský, Elif Bayhan, Totka Bakalova
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):861-865 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/191.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/861
Geopolymers are modern, amorphous inorganic aluminosilicate polymers with specific composition and properties. However, to use a geopolymer as an engineering material, its mechanical properties need to be improved. As part of this work, a composite material was obtained - the matrix is a geopolymer, and the reinforcement is basalt fibers. Research on the reinforcement of geopolymer material with layers of basalt fabrics was carried out in order to verify the improvement of mechanical properties in relation to non-reinforced material. Static and dynamic mechanical tests for the evaluation of flexural, compressive, splitting tensile and impact strength...
Uniaxial Tensile Testing Device for Measuring Mechanical Properties of Biological Tissue with Stress-Relaxation Test under a Confocal Microscope
David Vondrášek, Daniel Hadraba, Roman Matějka, František Lopot, Martin Svoboda, Karel Jelen
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(5):866-872 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/192.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/5/866
Biological soft tissue is a non-linear and viscoelastic material and its mechanical properties can greatly affect quality of life. Many external mechanical factors can alter the tissue, for example the tissue of talipes equinovarus congenitus, also known as clubfoot, which is the most frequent congenital deformity affecting lower extremities with pathological changes of connective tissue. In clubfoot, the presence of disc-like mass of fibrous tissue, resembling intervertebral disc tissue, is described to be between the medial malleolus and the medial side of the navicular bone. The clubfoot tissue is often referred to be stiffer or rigid by clinicians,...