Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2015 (vol. 15), issue 4
Effect of Surface Roughness on the Fatigue Life of Laser Additive Manufactured Ti6Al4V Alloy
Adrián Bača, Radomila Konečná, Gianni Nicoletto, Ludvík Kunz
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):498-502 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/498 
Direct Metal Laser Sintering enables production of fully dense metal parts with comparable or higher tensile properties as compared to the conventionally produced parts. However, for a more widespread use of this additive manufacturing technique, material data should be obtained and evaluated with respect to the influencing manufacturing factors. In the case of Ti6Al4V alloy, the fatigue performance can be highly susceptible to the process related issues, such as build direction, porosity and surface condition. This study was undertaken to examine the fatigue life of Ti6Al4V specimens manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technique and...
Nanoadditives SiO2 and TiO2 in Process Fluids
Totka Bakalova, Petr Louda, Lukáš Voleský, Karolína Borůvková, Lucie Svobodová
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):502-508 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/502
Productivity growth in the machining industry is associated with a reduction in the cost of cleaning and recycling contaminated process fluids. The proper use of process fluids or lubricants can bring a significant reduction in friction and the amount of wear, thereby leading to a reduction in power consumption. The use of nanolubricants in modern technologies is a major advancement. Nanolubricant is a new system composed of nanometer-sized particles dispersed in a base lubricant. The use of nanoadditives in the form of nanoparticles is highly efficient due to their high chemical and biological activity. The doping of lubricants with nanoparticles...
The Overview of Intermetallic Phases Presented in Nickel Base Superalloys after Precipitation Hardening
Juraj Belan, Lenka Kuchariková, Eva Tillová, Milan Uhríčik
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):509-515 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/509
The nickel base superalloys are progressive group of materials designed especially for application where others materials does not fit with its mechanical properties (such aluminium or copper alloys) or corrosion resistance at high temperature nor heat-temperature properties (such iron or steel). Their unique properties comes from solid solution gamma, where after precipitation hardening a various phases - γ' (gamma prime), γ'' (gamma double prime), δ (delta), different types of carbides (MC, M23C6, M6C, and M7C3) with various degree of coherency to matrix are presented. Article gives a brief description of such phases with its affect...
Phase Segregation during Processing of Semi-Solid Slurry by Rheocasting Method SEED
Barbora Bryksí Stunová, Vlastimil Bryksí
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):515-520 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/515
The paper describes specific phenomena of semi-solid casting process, especially rheo-casting method SEED, which uses mechanical swirling for reaching proper structure in semi-solid state. The eutectic segregation during processing of semi-solid slurry can cause specific casting defects. Heat treated alloy AlSi7Mg0.3 was applied for producing castings. For observing structure, metallographic observation by light and SEM microscopy was used as well as spectral analysis.
Influence of Adhesive Bonded Surface Treatment of Alloy Alcu4mg and Increased Environmental Temperature on Adhesive Bond Strength
Jan Cidlina, Miroslav Müller
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):520-526 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/520
For the creation of the bond the treatment of the adhesive bonded surface is essential. The second important factor is the temperature of the environment to which the adhesive bond is exposed. It is a way of a degradation of adhesive bonds. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of adhesive bonded surface treatment of alloy AlCu4Mg and increased environmental temperature on a strength of adhesive bonds using two-component epoxies used in the transportation industry. As a bonding material AlCu4Mg was used, whose surface was in the first series mechanically and chemically treated. In the second series tested specimens were without the surface...
Influence of Homogenization Annealing on Internal Damping Depending on the Vibration Amplitude Measured on Specimens AZ31 and AZ91
Zuzana Dresslerová, Peter Palček, Milan Uhríčik
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):526-530 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/526
Damping capacity of alloys is closely tied to the presence of defects including solute atoms, second phases and voids. The interaction between moving dislocations and point defects is one of the major internal damping mechanisms of magnesium alloys so the precipitates influence the damping capacity and contribute to damping properties. The article is focused on the analysis of the internal damping changes depending on the amplitude of the magnesium alloys AZ31 and AZ91 in as cast state and after homogenization annealing. In experimental measurements only resonance method was used. This method is based on continuous excitation of oscillations of the...
Morphological Classification of Nonferrous Wear Particles in Engine Oil Using Pherrographical Method
Vladimír Hönig
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):530-534 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/530
Pherrography uses microscopic methods for the detection of morphological characteristics of wear particles deposited on pherrogram. The result of pherrographical analysis is to create the pherrographic track on pherrogram and then to assign the type and intensity of wear. The position of nonferrous metals on the pherrogram is quite clearly defined. Assessment of particle size, particle shape and distinguishing kinds of material are the result of observation. Nonferrous particles are also divided according to the color. Metal particles can, under certain circumstances, have different colors as a result of excessive oxidation of the particle surface....
Fractal Geometry Used for Evaluation of Corrosion Resistance of Fe-14Al-6Cr Wt. % against Molten Glass
Adam Hotar, Vlastimil Hotar
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):534-541 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/534
Corrosive attack of metals and alloys by molten glass can be described by parameters of surface roughness. Fractal geometry and statistic tools were used for surface roughness quantification. The obtained parameters of fractal geometry and statistics were determined on boundary curves between alloys and glass which had been generated from the digital photography of sample cross-section. This methodology was successfully used for quantification of surface changes of iron aluminides Fe-14Al-6Cr and austenitic steel during corrosion test in molten soda-lime glass at 1200°C.
Surface Roughness Optimization in Milling Aluminium Alloy by Using the Taguchi's Design of Experiment
Julia Hricova, Natasa Naprstkova
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):541-546 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/541
A unique combination of properties makes aluminium one of the most versatile engineering and construction materials. The aluminium alloys can be machined easily and economically if suitable practice and proper tools are used. A statistical design of experiments was performed to investigate the effect of selected cutting parameters and a cutting fluid on the surface roughness of AlMgSi1 aluminium alloy (EN AW 6082) machined by end milling. For the experimental procedure, three cemented carbide end milling cutters of diameter 12 mm with 3 cutting edges were used. The input parameters taken into consideration were helix angle, cutting speed, and using...
Root Cause Analysis for Identifying Defects in the Process of Cylinder Head Castings from Aluminium Alloy
Daniela Kalincová, Miroslava Ťavodová, Helena Čierna
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):546-553 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/546
The research into root causes of defects in cylinder head castings are described in the paper. Chemical composition of castings, evaluation of casting microstructure before and after the heat treatment and final inspection of casting quality from various points of view are parts of the research. The list of the most common defects in case of using five selected products is the result of the experiment. The objective of the research was to identify causes of defects in the process of cylinder head casting as well as to identify root causes of discrepancy using the quality management tool.
Structure of Al-targets Used for PVD Coating in Jewellery
Pavel Kejzlar, Zuzana Andrsova, Martin Švec
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):553-557 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/553
Aluminium, chromium, silver and other metal targets are often used for glass crystal coating in jewellery. The structure of targets strongly influences the quality of coating which leads to differences in their optical properties. The targets from two manufacturers were examined using scanning electron microscopy combined with EBSD with a goal to identify possible metallographic cause of defects arising on glass jewels.
Ultrasonic Testing of Non-ferrous Materials in the Foundry Industry
Radoslav Konar, Marek Patek, Andrej Zrak
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):557-562 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/557
Article deals with ultrasonic testing of the casting. It focuses on the problems that arise when testing of castings is made of non-ferrous metals. Theoretical introduction of article is dedicated to the most common types of casting defects and selecting technology for their reliable identification. The impact of the large anisotropic grain casting to propagate and attenuation of ultrasound it describes in theory. The examples of practical testing of Cu-alloy casting are presented in experimental part. Modern tools for simulation of ultrasound propagation in testing material were used for the correct setting techniques of UT testing as well as for...
Preparation and Properties of Composite Materials with Magnesium Matrix and Hydroxyapatite Reinforcement
Jiri Kubasek, Dalibor Vojtěch, Drahomir Dvorsky
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):562-567 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/562
Magnesium materials seem perspective for application in the field of biodegradable implants. Such materials are gradually degraded, without the formation of toxic products in the organism. Different approaches have been performed to improve mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of magnesium based materials. Among them, preparation of composite materials with magnesium matrix and inorganic reinforcement is very attractive. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is considered as suitable reinforcement because it is included in human bones. Presence of HA in composite can support the process of osseointegration. The resulting properties of Mg-HA composites are...
The Effect of Casting Technology on Fe Intermetallic Phases in Al-Si Cast Alloys
Lenka Kuchariková, Eva Tillová, Juraj Belan, Milan Uhríčik
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):567-571 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/567
The most widely used technologies of founding Al-Si cast alloys are gravitation and semi-centrifugal casting, casting under pressure and so on. The contribution deals with influence of different casting method on changes of Fe intermetallic phases. Casting into metallic mould and sand mould were used for experimental work for comparison Fe-rich formation. Fe is a common impurity that leads to the formation of complex Fe-rich intermetallic phases. The dominant phase is plate-shaped Al5FeSi. These phases are unwaited, because reduce properties of aluminium casting. The experimental materials have most common addition Mn. The addition of Mn may reduce...
Abrasive Machining of Ti6Al4V Alloy
Radek Lattner, František Holešovský, Tomáš Karel, Michal Lattner
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):571-575 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/571
This paper deals with evaluation of ground surface of Ti6Al4V alloy according to surface roughness. This titanium alloy has large scale of utilization, it is used for implants and surgical instruments. Significant problem during grinding of titanium alloys is generation of large amount of heat which can cause surface cracks, increase hardness of surface and increase of tool wear. Each specimen was ground on surface grinding machine by diferent cutting conditions. The roughness parameters Ra, Rq, Rz and Rt were measured five times on each specimen in each axis (axis y - direction of feed rate, axis x - perpendicular to the feed rate). The values of...
Influence of Surface Refinement on Microstructure of Al-Si Cast Alloys Processed by Welding Method
Tomasz Lipiński
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):576-581 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/576
In most cases, construction materials are selected so as to attain the optimal technological properties at the lowest possible weight and cost. Studies on the improvement of the properties of casting alloys have been continuously conducted over the recent years. Both the microstructure and properties of alloys may be altered via modification with chemical components, optimization of the crystallization process, heat treatment or a combination of these methods. While searching for alternative methods of improving the engineering surface properties of hypo- and hypereutectic Al-Si alloy, an attempt was made to modify its microstructure with the use one...
Modification of Al-11% Si Alloy with Cl - Based Modifier
Tomasz Lipiński
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):581-587 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/581
The microstructure of an unmodified hypoeutectic Al-11%Si alloy comprises large primary α phase dendrites, eutectic β phase crystals and eutectic α phase. This composition is responsible for the alloy's low strength parameters, and it limits the extent of practical applications. The mechanical properties of hypoeutectic silumins can be improved through chemical modification as well as traditional or technological processing. Modification improves the mechanical properties of alloys through grain refinement. This study presents the results of modification of Al-11%Si alloy with chlorine base modifier (NaCl + CaCl + SrCl2). The influence...
Parameters Affected Corrosion and Mechanical Properties of Al-Brasses
Tatiana Liptáková, Martin Lovíšek, Branislav Hadzima
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):587-591 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/587
The Al-brasses are considered corrosion resistant technical materials especially used in pipe systems in energy industry. They are mostly exposed to flowing liquids environments where they are loading chemically and mechanically and their lifetime in practice condition quite vary. The aim of our research work is to compare corrosion and mechanical properties of four Al-brasses from various producers. The Al-brasses have very similar chemical composition but differ in microstructure, surface state what affect their corrosion and mechanical behavior. By chosen experimental methods and analyses the effect of the mentioned parameters are investigated.
Simulation Calculations of Solidification and Cooling of Copper Alloy Casts
Jiří Machuta, Iva Nová
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):591-596 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/591
The article deals with the simulation calculation of solidification and cooling of plate-shaped castings cast into metal and into sand mould about cavity dimensions 80 x 80 x 10 mm. During the experiments were monitored conditions of filling, solidification and cooling in the die-cast (metal mould) and in the sand mould. Both about outer dimensions 120 x 120 x 80 mm. Die-cast was made of steel 1.2343 (ČSN 19552) and the sand mould was prepared of green sand (bentonite). For the purpose of the experiment was used foundry simulation software MAGMA 5. For simulation calculations were used physical and thermo-physical quantities in dependence on temperature....
Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High-Strength Nanocrystalline Metals
Ivo Marek, Dalibor Vojtěch, Alena Michalcová, Tomáš František Kubatík
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):596-600 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/596
Nanomaterials are advanced materials exhibiting unique mechanical, chemical and physical properties due to their structural constituents having size less than 100 nm. Such materials are suitable for using in wide field of possible applications e.g. special structural applications, catalysis, biomedicine or electronics. There are many methods how to produce nanocrystalline materials or nanoparticles including vapor, liquid and solid processing routes. In this work, ultra-high-strength nanocrystalline silver was prepared by combination of selective leaching and subsequent consolidation by spark plasma sintering. Conventional cast silver was used as reference...
Influence of Chemical Etching on Surface Micro-Geometry of Titanium Implants
Anton Martikan, Jozef Struharnansky, Dana Stancekova, Andrej Czan, Michal Hatala
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):601-604 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/601
The article deals with influence of chemical etching and polishing on some roughness parameters of titanium parts surface, designed for implantation into human organism. Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V was used for the experiment. Analysed samples were created by conventional mechanical machining methods as milling, grinding and polishing. Influence on surface and quantity of removed material by acid solution was analysed. Three methods of sample surface finishing were used, each resulting in variety of surface quality, and then two methods of chemical polishing, differed by reaction time of acid with samples surface. The samples surface was analysed optically,...
Effect of Different Modifiers and Heat Treatment on Structure, Hardness and Microhardness of AlSi7Mg0.3 Alloy
Michal Martinovský, Jan Mádl
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):604-610 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/604
Aluminium and silicon alloys are widely used in practice currently, e.g. in car industry, aircraft industry or in civil engineering. Hence there is increasingly more emphasis placed on research and development of silumins. The aim of this paper is to analyse aluminium alloy, namely the alloy AlSi7Mg0.3. This paper is focused on the effect of particular modifiers and heat treatment on the selected properties of the alloy, especially on structural transformations caused by various modifiers, hardness measurement (Brinell method) and microhardness testing (Vickers method). Four variants of castings (unmodified alloy and alloy modified by chemical elements...
Microstructures of Iron Aluminides Processed by Additive Layer Manufacturing and Spark Plasma Sintering
Alena Michalcová, Martin Palm, Lucia Senčeková, Gesa Rolink, Andreas Weisheit, Tomas Frantisek Kubatík
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):610-614 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/610
Additive layer manufacturing (ALM) methods such as selective laser melting (SLM) and laser metal deposition (LMD) enable production of parts with complicated shapes. Iron based aluminides are a new promising class of materials for high temperature applications. Near net shape production by ALM is specifically interesting in case of these wear resistant aluminides, where machining is difficult. In this article the microstructure of aluminides prepared by SLM and LMD will be compared with those prepared by spark plasma sintering of the same compositions.
Research of the Cause Cracking Hot-Rolled Block Made of AlMg5 Alloys
Stefan Michna, Jaromir Cais, Lenka Michnova
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):614-620 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/614
The aim of this research work was to determine the causes of the cracking unit rolled at initial hot rolling of the AlMg5 alloy. Failure occurs in the central area of rolled plate. In the alloy was carried out chemical composition of the material in the near the defect and its comparison with the chemical composition of the entire melt, which pointed to a significant reduction of the magnesium content of the area defect. Macroscopic, microscopic and fractography analysis were carried out both in the area of the fracture surface and in the immediate vicinity. The analysis indicated that the fracture surface, and also the structure in the area of the...
Research the Causes of Surface Stains after Eloxal Coating for the Profile from the AlMgSi Alloy Using Substructural Analysis
Stefan Michna, Natasa Naprstkova, Dorota Klimecka-Tatar
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):620-624 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/620
The aim of the research was to analyze the delivered profile samples, where appeared the darker spots with an irregular circular shape on the surface of light colored profiles after process of natural anodizing without colouration. Profiles are manufactured with alloy EN AW 6060 (AlMgSi) according to EN 573-3, which was carried out by heat treatment hardening. For material were performed measurements of Brinell and Vickers hardness, Vickers microhardness and substructural analysis in occurrence area of the dark spots and outside of these spots (light area of profile). Based on these analyzes it revealed significant difference of mechanical properties...
Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Composite Based on Aluminium Microparticles
Miroslav Müller, Jan Cidlina, Karolína Dědičová, Alena Krofová
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):624-628 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/624
The paper deals with the testing of composite materials based on aluminium microparticles. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of content of aluminium microparticle filler on the mechanical properties of the polymeric particle composite. The object of the experiments was a particle polymer composite, whose continuous phase was in the form of a two component epoxy resin and a discontinuous phase (reinforcing particles) of aluminium microparticles, which size was less than 45 μm. The influence of a tensile stress, an impact strength and a wear was experimentally investigated. Composite systems with a higher content of microparticles...
Research on Surface Treatment of Alloy AlCu4Mg Adhesive Bonded with Structural Single-Component Epoxy Adhesives
Miroslav Müller
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):629-633 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/629
Adhesive bonding technology is among the basic methods of joining. Treatment of bonded surface is seen as an essential technology for improving the strength of the bond. Improper treatment of bonded surface reduces the bonding strength and at the same time may increase the cost of manufacturing the bond. The aim of the research was to evaluate the treatment of AlCu4Mg surface bonded by using single-component epoxy, which is commonly used in the transportation industry. This article describes the effect of bonded surface treatment (mechanical treatment of Al2O3 blasting, chemical treatment by degreasing, without modification). Evaluation of individual...
Modifications AlSi9CuMnNi Alloy by Antimony and Heat Treatment and Their Influence on the Resulting Structure
Natasa Naprstkova, Radek Cervinka, Sylvia Kusmierczak, Jaromir Cais
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):634-638 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/634
Modification alloy is an important part of the metallurgical process, and this also applies, of course, for aluminum alloys, particularly for Al-Si (silumins). As a modification of the material we can use the modification using the selected element or heat treatment of alloys, or a combination of both processes. One of the elements that it is possible to modify the alloy of Al-Si used is antimony (Sb). The paper examines the possible effect of the modification that element and heat treatment on the final structure of the alloy AlSi9CuMnNi. In the experiments were made three castings from the alloy AlSi9CuMnNi without modification, three castings with...
Increasing the Quality of the Production Steering Wheel Castings Using Simulation Calculations of Solidification
Iva Nová, Jiří Machuta, Josef Horáček
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):638-644 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/638
This paper deals with the solidification and cooling of steering wheel castings. Castings of steering wheel are manufactured by high pressure die-casting of magnesium alloys. Further the paper shows a simulation calculation of solidification and cooling of the casting made of the AM 50 magnesium alloy. The results of simulation calculations are using the QuikCAST programme. The required values thermo-physical variables were taken from the databank program. It was found that filling of the mould due to the pressure conditions is very fast. The Solidification is affected with a thermic hypothermia of the melt. The results of simulation calculations give...
New Composite Materials Based on NiTi
Pavel Novák, Eva Kristianová, Milan Valalik, Clarisse Darme, Pavel Salvetr
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):644-647 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/644
NiTi alloy is characterized by many interesting properties assiciated with the shape memory behaviour. Since this material can be superelastic and recover the shape after deformation, it can be considered as potential matrix for composites. In this work, the possibility of preparation of NiTi matrix composites was tested. Two kinds of materials were studied - NiTi matrix composite reinforced by ceramic particles and in-situ composite containing NiTi and hard Ti2Ni phase obtained by reactive sintering of Ni+Ti mixture.
Hardness of the High Pressure Die Castings from Alloy AlSi9Cu3 in dependence on the Subsequent Processing Technology
Iva Novakova, Jan Štverák, Jaromir Moravec
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):647-652 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/647
The paper deals with the hardness of pressure die castings in dependence on the method of their subsequent processing. As a crucial influence there was taken cooling rate of parts after their removal from the pressure die mould. Moreover there was monitored influence of the machining allowance and the thermal treatment. Measurement of hardness was done on die castings from alloy AlSi9Cu3(Fe) by methods acc. to Brinell and acc. to Rockwell. Regarding reality that properties of die castings are influenced also by filling method, for the experiment there was chosen part casted by so-called central ingate where exists presumption for the uniform filling...
Microwaves as a Humidity Measurement Device for Casted Moulds
Jan Novotný, Petr Majrich
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):653-656 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/653
Thesis is interested in accurately detect moisture inside of plaster moulds, that will be measured by microwaves apparatus. Part of the thesis is also construction and assembly of the stable apparatus, so that it is possible to monitor the effects of microwaves on a plaster sample, then evaluate the moisture content of the sample and compare it with the weight test. The actual moisture measurement will be performed in several ways, such as by measuring the reflection or attenuation of electromagnetic waves. The result of this thesis will be a graphical representation of moisture to measurable variables relationships, gained from the microwave apparatus.Plaster...
Biodegradation Properties of Elektron 21 Magnesium Alloy Coated by Octacalcium Phosphate
Miroslav Omasta, Branislav Hadzima
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):656-660 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/656
Biodegradation properties of magnesium and its alloys that can be used for implants are not satisfactory and cause serious problems. These problems can be solved by biodegradable surface coatings. Evaluation of biodegradation process of Mg-RE-Zr alloy surfaces after grinding and grinding followed by potential controlled electrodeposition of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in this study. The potentiostatic electrodeposition treatment process was performed in water solution of 0.167 M CaCl2 and 0.1 M NH4H2PO4. The corrosion process on treated and nontreated samples after various exposure...
Application of Dielectric Properties of Dental Material in Non-Destructive Testing
Mária Pápežová, Dagmar Faktrová
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):660-664 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/660
The structural entirety of any biomaterial has to be tested to inhibit to untimely failure and thus maintaining the reliability of the replacement. The knowledge of dielectric properties (relative permittivity, loss factor) of biomaterial without defects in defined microwave frequency range (8-12 GHz) and subsequently comparing properties in defective material as changes in material and classifying the occurrence of inhomogeneities as on the surface so inside the structure. This article deals with possibility to create dental phantom with the same properties as used in practice and dielectric properties measurement method (Hippel method). We made phantom...
Analysis of Wear Particles Morphology of Machine Parts Based on Aluminium
Zdeněk Aleš, Martin Pexa, Jindřich Pavlů, Marián Kučera, Jakub Čedík
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):664-670 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/664
Failures of machines are caused by variety of external and internal effects and process that cause ultimately interruption of operation. These factors have resulted in changes of properties of machines parts and these changes are the first causes of technical failures. Wear is one of the major factors that contribute to the creation of failures and with this is connected generation of wear particles. Wear particles come into oil in lubrication system, where they cause contamination and degradation of lubricating properties and consequently it may result in major failure of machines. Among these contaminants are included mainly adhesive, abrasive and...
Impact of Viscosity of Motor Oil on the Wear of Plain Bearings
Martin Pexa, Zdeněk Aleš, Jindřich Pavlů, Jakub Čedík
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):670-674 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/670
Manufactures of automotive engines and complete vehicles strive for the lowest possible fuel consumption, which also leads to the use of motor oils with lower viscosity. Lower viscosity of oil reduces internal friction and provides faster distribution of oil into lubrication points, but simultaneously reduces the size of transmitted power. The design of automotive engines use plain bearings, which are based on aluminium, brass. Further are used steels with coating based on aluminium and bronze. The paper describes the impact of viscosity of motor oil to wear of basic materials, which are used in production of plain bearing. Reichert tester M2 for evaluation...
Defects in High Pressure Die Casting Process
Radka Podprocká, Jozef Malik, Dana Bolibruchová
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):674-678 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/674
Pressure die casting of metals is a method of precise metal casting, where molten liquid metal is forced under high pressure into a mould cavity. Requirements of engineering and automotive industries for perfect castings with smooth surfaces, exact dimensions and thin walls determine the nature and direction of development of pressure die casting of metal. This article analyses the possible causes of a foundry defect - short run - generated during casting based on varying technological parameters.
Grain Refinement in Al-Mn-Fe-Si Alloys by Severe Plastic Deformation
Michaela Šlapáková Poková, Miroslav Cieslar, Mariia Zimina
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):679-684 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/679
Aluminium alloys are widely used materials and their properties are constantly being improved. The enhanced properties can be achieved, for instance by alternation of chemical composition or processing route. Severe plastic deformation leads to an increase of strength due to a grain size reduction. Two Al-Mn-Fe-Si alloys differing in Zr content were subjected to four passes of equal channel angular pressing. Grain size was re-duced from 100 μm to 0.5 μm. In the course of subsequent annealing to 400 ◦C the grain size rose moderate-ly; at 450 °C both materials recrystallized and new defect free grains were formed; with fraction of high angle...
Friction and Wear Behaviors of Al/Epoxy Composites during Reciprocating Sliding Tests
Alessandro Ruggiero, Petr Valášek, Massimiliano Merola
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):684-689 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/684
Aluminium is widely represented material in engineering - one of the possible forms of application is an Al powder, when mutual interaction mainly with polymer matrix creates new materials. In practice, the aluminium powder is commonly used together with a number of reaction resins, e.g. epoxy resins. Such systems can be described as liquid metals, and amongst other options of the application, they are used for quick renovation of the functional areas of machines. In such applications, particularly important are hardness and durability of the composite layer against wear. This paper experimentally evaluate the friction and wear of systems based on...
Ni-Ti Alloys Produced by Powder Metallurgy
Pavel Salvetr, Pavel Novák, Hynek Moravec
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):689-694 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/689
This paper deals with the influence of alloying elements on the properties of Ni-Ti alloys. The base alloy was the binary alloy Ni-Ti with 54 wt. % Ni and 46 wt. % Ti. Alloying elements (aluminium, iron and vanadium) in an amount of 5 wt. % were added to this alloy. All samples have been prepared by the method of powder metallurgy - reactive sintering at 1100 °C for 20 minutes. Microstructure, phase composition (especially amount of the Ti2Ni phase), process of sintering and the formation temperature of intermetallic phase NiTi, transformation temperatures and mechanical properties have been examined in these alloys. The corrosion characteristics were...
Quasi Static Tests of Adhesive Bonds of Alloy AlCu4Mg
Vladimír Šleger, Miroslav Müller
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):694-698 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/694
An application of an adhesive bonding technology is limited by cyclic loading of an adhesive bond. The aim of the experiment is to clarify a fatigue behaviour (low-cyclic tests of the fatigue) of four structural two-component epoxy adhesives applied to an alloy AlCu4Mg. The aim of the research was to evaluate a service life of the adhesive bond in terms of its fatigue stressing at the quasi static shear test. From that reason values of a passing loading for low-cyclic fatigue test were chosen for tested adhesives, i.e. 25 %, 50 % and 75 % from a reference value of a maximum force gained at the static test according to CSN EN 1465. The critical value...
Identification of Drilling of Biocompatible Materials Based on Titanium
Dana Stancekova, Jan Semcer, Anna Rudawska, Robert Cep
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):699-704 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/699
At present commonly used conventional materials are substituted by materials of better mechanical qualities. For example highly alloyed steels with chromium, cobalt and nickel alloys, titanium and titanium alloys belong to this group. Titanium and its alloys also belong to the group of hardly machinable materials thanks to its good chemical and physical properties, such as high strength, high corrosion resistance, low density, deformation resistance at high temperature and at the same time low thermal conductivity that unfavourably affects the process of machining. Despite its more complicated machining, titanium together with its alloys are widely...
The Influence of Heat-Treatment on the Phase Composition and Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Fe3Al - Type Alloy with Niobium Addition
Martin Švec, Pavel Kejzlar
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):705-710 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/705
Iron aluminides belong to a group of intermetallic materials. Atoms of intermetallics are long-distance arranged that's why these alloys show some interesting properties as high temperature strength or corrosion resistance. Besides of beneficial properties iron aluminides have some disadvantages as e.g. brittleness at room temperature or a sharp drop in strength above 600 °C. It has been shown that the high temperature mechanical properties can be enhanced through third element addition.The structure of Fe3Al alloy with addition of niobium was studied in two states - as cast state and in state after stabilization annealing at 1000 °C for 50 hours....
Influence of Cutting Fluid on Abrasive - Free Ultrasonic Finishing of Aluminium Alloy
Jaroslava Svobodová, Pavel Kraus, Miroslav Müller, Anatolii Lebedev, Alexander Yurov, Pavel Lebedev
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):710-714 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/710
The aim of the research was to compare a classical (turning) machining and an abrasive-free ultrasonic machining (bufo) at aluminium alloy. An ultrasonic set I - 4 consisted of the ultrasonic generator, power output 630 W and working frequency 22 kHz ± 10%, was used for the research. Three different cutting fluids containing nanoparticles were compared at the abrasive-free ultrasonic finishing. A rise of a hardness HV0.05 and HBW2.5/62.5 compared to the classical machining occurred at the application of the abrasive-free ultrasonic machining technology at the aluminium alloy by various cutting fluids containing nanoparticles. It is obvious from...
Influence of Chemical Pre-treatments Nanotechnology Based Applied to the Al Sheet on the Roughness and Morphology of the Surface
Jaroslava Svobodová, Pavel Kraus
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):714-720 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/714
The article deals with the analysis of the chemical pre-treatment influence based on nanotechnology on the roughness and morphology of the Al sheet surface. Experimental material is Al-Mg sheet on which were applied two variants of surface chemical pre-treatment. The first chemical pre-treatment variant is based on the application of zirconium passivating product intended for creating of nanomolecular coatings on the surface of metallic material. The second chemical pre-treatment variant consists in application of fluid single-component product for protection of the aluminium surface after previous application of zirconium nanopassivation. Within the...
Impact Properties of Self-Hardening Aluminium Alloy (Alzn10si8mg) at Elevated Temperatures
Eva Tillová, Mária Chalupová, Lenka Hurtalová, Juraj Belan
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):720-727 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/720
Self-hardening aluminium alloy AlZn10Si8Mg represents an innovative class of light aluminium alloys and they present high mechanical properties, which make them suitable for many applications in different industrial fields, especially in transport industry. The most important and relevant feature of the self-hardening alloys is related to their good performance, without the need of any heat treatment: they are subjected to a natural ageing phenomenon at room temperature after a storage period of about 7-10 days. The possibility to avoid the heat treatment represents an important benefit, contributing to considerably reduce both the production cost...
Change of Internal Friction on Magnesium Alloy Depending on the Temperature and the Use of Mathematical Methods in the Evaluation of This Property
Milan Uhríčik, Andrea Soviarová, Zuzana Dresslerová, Peter Palček, Lenka Kuchariková, Juraj Belan
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):727-732 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/727
The article is aimed on present research of internal friction mechanisms that are responsible for the temperature behaviour of AZ91 magnesium alloys. These mechanisms have been studied by ultrasonic resonant apparatus at a frequency close to 20470 Hz and in a temperature range from 50 °C up to 400 °C. The specimen on internal friction measurement has an hour glass shape. The specimens were in the as cast state and after measurement showed dendritic structure. Structure of magnesium alloys AZ91 was carried out after the homogenization annealing at temperature 390 °C. It was also used application of mathematical calculations for a more accurately experimental...
Al Microparticles Interaction with Epoxy Resin - Cohesion and Adhesion to Steel and Aluminum
Petr Valášek
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):732-736 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/732
Aluminium is among the materials that found their application in composite systems. Aluminium matrix composites may form or may be present in the matrix in the form of fillers. Specific applications of aluminium may be present in the epoxy or other polymer matrices in the form of microparticles. Mutual interaction of resin and aluminium particles then creates the resulting properties of the material, which can be used both for surface treatment, and in the bonding and sealing. For this reason, adhesion and cohesion characteristics are among the leading characteristics of such systems. The paper describes cohesive characteristics of two-component epoxy...
Hydrogen Removal from Liquid Metal
I.Vasková, J. Jančok, M. Hrubovčáková, M. Conev
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):737-739 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/737
Foundry aluminum alloys have many advantages compared to foundry alloys of different metals, such as great castability, low melting point, narrow crystallization period, good chemical stability and hydrogen content, which is the only gas soluble in aluminum, which can be minimized by applying of appropriate technological conditions. Provision of the quality of aluminum production is based on an adequate purity of used materials. That is the reason why liquid aluminum, after electrolysis or after remelting secondary aluminum, requires treatment prior to casting. Cleaning and treatment of aluminum melt are particularly important tasks in contemporary...
The Effect of Zirconium and Carbon Addition on Thermal Expansion of Fe3Al-Based Iron Aluminides
Věra Vodičková, Pavel Hanus
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):739-743 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/739
Fe3Al iron aluminides with Zr addition appear like promising materials for high-temperature applications. Carbon is often present in alloyed iron aluminides because of its occurrence in raw iron. Therefore Zr addition can lead to the formation of zirconium carbides in the structure of the alloys. Also other carbides can form depending on carbon amount. The size and distribution of carbide particles can affect high-temperature behavior of aluminides. Thermal expansion of alloys with 0.25, 0.5 and 1 at.% Zr was studied by means of coefficient thermal expansion (CTE) measurement. The structure of alloys was obtained by scanning electron microscopy. Energy...
Microstructural Analysis of Nickel Influence in Alsi10mgmn Alloy with Increased Iron Level
Maria Zihalova, Dana Bolibruchova, Jaromir Cais
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):743-748 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/743
Presence of iron in Al-Si-Mg based alloys is a common problem. Due to low solubility of iron in aluminium, most of the iron is present in the form of intermetallic phases, which decrease mechanical and foundry properties of the alloy. Addition of some chemical elements might be used to elimination of iron effects. In the article, influence of nickel to microstructure of AlSi10MgMn alloy with 1 wt. % of iron is described. Addition of nickel to elimination of iron influence is 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt. %, respectively. Shape and chemical composition of the intermetallic phases is the main concern of the research as the main factor responsible for decrease...
Influence of Chemical Composition in Steel on Laser Cutting Stability
Andrej Zrak, Radoslav Koňár, Peter Jankejech
Manufacturing Technology 2015, 15(4):748-752 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/MT/15/4/748
The translation in this article analyses the technology of laser cutting, describes properties of laser cutting equipment the oxidation process of melting and sublimation laser cutting. In the article chemical composition of cutted material in the interaction with the quality of cutting edges from cut-outs is analysed. The measurement was performed on experimental samples made from steel grade S355 however the composition of chemical elements in each sample varied. On these experimental samples the cutting edges was examined for the purpose to find out the influence of chemical purity of material on the quality of components which were cut by using...