Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2018 (vol. 18), issue 3
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Rubber Mixtures filled by Carbon Nanotubes
Dana Bakošová
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):345-351 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/103.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/345 
In this paper we observe dynamic mechanical properties of rubber mixtures - standard and CNT, where in the mixture CNT were dispersed nanoparticles - shape of carbon nanotubes (CNT). We used the testes apparatus by PerkinElmer "PYRIS Diamond Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer" for measuring mechanical properties. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is a technique used to study and characterize materials. It is the most useful for studying the viscoelastic behavior of polymers. A sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample and the frequency of the stress...
Influence of Depth of Cut on Quality of Ground Surface and Cutting Force when Grinding Cermet
Tomas Baksa, Jindrich Farsky, Ondrej Hronek, Miroslav Zetek
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):352-356 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/104.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/352
Grinding of cermet was studied to determine the impact of the depth of the cut on the grinding process and the final quality of the finished surface. Depth of cut is an important cutting parameter which affects the whole grinding process in terms of grinding stability, cutting forces, vibrations, spindle load, etc. It is also connected with other cutting parameters such as cutting speed and feed rate which should be optimized to ensure the required surface quality in the required process time. The effect of different depths of cuts on the surface quality in terms of roughness was observed during grinding of two types of cermet rods. An IFM G4 optical...
Investigation on the Effectiveness of Through-hole Replicas of Deep Small Holes
Elena Bassoli, Lucia Denti
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):357-362 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/105.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/357
When a micro-hole of high aspect-ratio is required, in addition to machining problems, special attention should be paid to controlling the quality of the manufactured products. Dimensional and surface metrology in the field of micromachining can be as critical as machining itself, therefore several new measurement methods have been developed. However, many of these methods suffer from application limits when used in the case of a deep hole. Replication can be a useful approach, which has well-proven validity in the time-consuming case of the sectioned hole. The method of through replicas, to be pulled out of the unsectioned hole, still needs verification.In...
Mathematical Methods of Surface Roughness Evaluation of Areas with a Distinctive Inclination
Ondřej Bílek, Vladimír Pata, Milena Kubišová, Martin Řezníček
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):363-368 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/106.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/363
Surface roughness is one of the most significant evaluation factor in metal machining operations. Despite the small descriptiveness is usually quantified as the arithmetical mean roughness Ra especially in the automotive industry. In order to maintain the desired surface roughness, the appropriate setting of machining parameters is important to be set before the actual cutting process. The objective of this research is to analyse the effect of machining parameters on surface roughness of stainless steel X153CrMoV12-1 in CNC milling of slope surfaces with sintered carbide tool. The data were processed using multiparametric statistical methods to find...
Comparison of Residual Stress in High Strength Steel Sample before and after Laser Welding
Mária Blatnická, Michal Šajgalík, Milan Sága, Miroslav Blatnický
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):369-371 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/107.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/369
The paper deals with the evaluation of residual stress in high strength steel sample measured by x-ray method before and after laser welding. Data were collected and processed in program Matlab, where surfaces of stress distribution in the sample were created. Polynomial functions were fit to the data to achieve smoother curves and a better understanding of results. Finally, results of residual stress in the welded sample were compared to those in the non-welded sample for determining the effect of welding on residual stress. Nowadays, the use of high strength steels is being developed, yet their use is sometimes limited by their fatigue critical welds....
Optimizing Fabrication Outcome in Low-cost FDM Machines. Part 1 - Metrics
Francesco Buonamici, Monica Carfagni, Rocco Furferi, Lapo Governi, Marco Saccardi, Yary Volpe
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):372-378 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/108.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/372
Several models of FDM machines, characterized by different architecture and hardware components, have flooded the market in the last 5 years. As a result, given the high sensitivity of FDM to the specific machine characteristics, the search for optimal printing parameters is a renown problem. This two-parts paper proposes an easy-to-follow and low-cost procedure for the characterization of any given FDM machine. The method allows the evaluation of the effects of a wide selection of FDM process parameters on the quality of 3D printed parts. The first part focuses on the definition of a series of metrics to be measured on a series of test prints to evaluate...
Analyse of Tribological Properties of Layers Created by Plasma Nitriding + DLC
David Dobrocky, Zdenek Pokorny, Zbynek Studeny, Thanh Van Doan
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):379-386 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/109.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/379
Plasma technology of deposition of thin layers is currently the commonly used technology serving to influence the surface properties of various materials (metals, polymers, ceramics, etc.). The great advantage of applied thin layers is that although they can significantly change the surface properties of coated materials, their advantageous volumetric properties are preserved. The experimental part of work describes the evaluation of the properties of duplex system of the plasma nitrided layer with DLC coating and confronts them with the properties of plasma nitrided layers and polished surfaces. 42CrMo4 and 17Ni4CrMo steels were chosen for experiment....
Possibilities of Electron Beam Melting Technology: Titanium Processing
Michaela Fousova, Dalibor Vojtech
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):387-393 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/110.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/387
Nowadays, 3D printing of metallic materials is a hot topic in many industrial spheres as it provides a one-step production of very complex parts. The additive principle based on processing of powders or wires in many successive layers minimizes material losses and so production costs. It also ensures great control over built shapes exactly according to computer-designed models. The most available technology is Selective Laser Melting (SLM) that uses a laser beam to selectively melt a metallic powder into the form of a desired product. The Electron Beam Melting (EBM) technology, that is based on a similar principle, is not so widespread, especially...
Influences of Cutting Edge Microgeometry on Durability when Milling ISO S Material
Ondřej Hronek, Miroslav Zetek, Tomáš Bakša, Pavel Adámek
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):394-399 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/111.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/394
This article investigated the influences of the cutting edge microgeometry on durability. Combination of cutting edge geometry, cutting conditions and the properties of the machining material all influences the cutting process. It is necessary to modify the cutting edge to increase of cutting tool life and cutting process efficiency when machining materials, which are difficult to machine, such as Inconel 718 nickel alloy. Increasing the cutting tool durability and resistance are the main goals with difficult to machine materials. The cutting edge radius is the main parameter, which is modified during the experiment described in this article. After...
Application of the Weld Deposits on Function Surfaces of the Forest Machines Components
Daniela Kalincová, Miroslava Ťavodová, Veronika Ľuptáčiková
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):400-405 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/112.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/400
The abrasive wear of pulley surfaces at winding of the ropes causes changes of the shape and quality surface of the groove and has influenced lifetime of the skidding machine. The pulley is made of steel C45E without heat treatment and its structure is not suitable for the abrasive wear of the pair metal-metal. Contribution describes a research aimed to changes in material structure by the heat treatment. The pulleys (first one in original state and second one after heat treatment) were tested in operating load at skidding during 320 hours. After experimental test, measurable properties as weight loss, groove dimensions of the pulleys were compared....
Design of Triaxial Production Device
Jakub Kaščak, Monika Telišková, Jozef Török, Marek Kočiško, Martin Pollák
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):406-410 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/113.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/406
Like most new technologies, 3D printing has long been a domain of narrowly specialized fields. However, the potential of this technology is enormous and thus it has been gradually finding its application in ever-newer sectors. This paper focuses on the structure and overall implementation of a triaxle manufacturing device inspired by an existing 3D printer design based on the modular RepRap concept. The result is a functional triaxle manufacturing device capable of performing 3D printing and laser cutting or laser engraving.
Preparation of Porous Biomaterial Based on Ti-Si Alloys
Anna Knaislová, Pavel Novák
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):411-417 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/114.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/411
Porous titanium-based alloys are very promising materials for medical implants due to their low density and easy osseointegration. In addition, proper porosity and pore size allow adjusting the mechanical properties of implants to values closer to human bone. The aim of this work is to prepare porous metallic biomaterials based on Ti-Si alloys with defined porosity for surgical and dental applications. Alloys were prepared by powder metallurgy using reactive sintering. Best results reached TiSi5 and TiSi10 alloys. The TiSi5 alloy contains smaller pores and achieves lower porosity values. This alloy also has the highest yield strength in compression...
Research on Influence of Polyurethane Adhesive Modified by Polyurethane Filler Based on Recyclate
Viktor Kolar, Miroslav Muller
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):418-423 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/115.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/418
An adhesive bonding technology represents a prospective method of diverse materials connecting. Polyurethane (PUR) adhesives namely are used in an area of the adhesive bonding of wood and cellulose - based products. They gradually substitute formaldehyde-based adhesives. A higher reactivity of isocyanates with any compound having moving hydrogen namely, i.e. e.g. water, etc. is a significant disadvantage. An elimination of this negative factor is possible by adding a filler, e.g. PUR recyclate - based. The aim of the research is to determine an adhesive bond strength of the PUR adhesive modified with microparticles of crushed PUR foam (waste from a...
Design of Composite Structures Using Advanced Numerical Tools
Petr Kulhavý, Petr Lepšík
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):424-430 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/116.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/424
The main topic of the presented paper is review of the mostly used tools in designing of composite structures. Consequently, practical demonstration of their using has been done on an example of a bending test of the wound, thin-walled composite rod. Further methods of definitions individual layers and the associated interface properties using the cohesive elements, based on that it is possible to detect arising delamination. Unlike conventional approaches, there is not possible to define a definite strength limit or nonlinear plasticity. For this purpose, the so-called failure criteria exist for the composite materials. In this way, it is possible...
Analysis of the Effect of Feed on Chip Size Ratio and Cutting Forces in Face Milling for Various Cutting Speeds
János Kundrák, Angelos P. Markopoulos, Tamás Makkai, István Deszpoth, Antal Nagy
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):431-438 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/117.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/431
Face milling is one of the most common machining processes used for the production of high quality flat surfaces. Another important feature of the process is the high material removal rate that can be achieved, or in the case of milling performed at one pass, the high surface rate. Surface rate is increased by increasing feed and cutting speed; both are bound by technological limitations and are limited to rather small variations, especially cutting speed. In finishing face milling, if feed per tooth is increased, subsequently the shape of the chip cross section is altered. This results in the change of the loads of the cutting edges, which influences...
Changes in Eutectic Silumin Structure Depending on Gate Geometry and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties of Casting
Jan Majernik, Stefan Gaspar, Karel Gryc, Ladislav Socha
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):439-443 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/118.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/439
The gate geometry has a direct influence on casting properties. It was proven that changes in gate dimension (height) influence the permanent deformation values and die cast porosity. The present paper discusses the issue whether changes in gate dimension may affect the structural composition of eutectic silumin. It presents results of the microsection analysis of samples taken from castings made with different gate dimensions to compare the phase α and phase β proportion forming eutecticum. Consequently, conclusions are drawn to examine the influence of gate dimensions on the cast eutectic structure as well as the structure correlation...
Dependence of the Resistance of the Integrated Layers on the Wear of Ceramic Cutting Tool
Šárka Malotová, Robert Čep, Jiří Kratochvíl, Michal Šajgalík, Andrej Czán
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):444-448 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/119.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/444
The article focuses on the issue of the applied integrated resistance layers. Conductive layers are applied on the non-conductive material of cutting insert made from nitride ceramics. The layer is applied so that the cutting edge and adjacent surface create closed conductive circuit for each cutting edge separately. Throughout turning process come about wear of cutting edge and therefore wear of resistance layer. It results in decreasing of cross - section of resistance layer and increasing values of resistance. The records are carry out after individual cuts. The aim is to find the dependence between the course of wear and the course of electrical...
Complex View to Racing Car Upright Design and Manufacturing
Jakub Mesicek, Michal Richtar, Jana Petru, Marek Pagac, Kristyna Kutiova
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):449-456 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/120.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/449
This paper describes selected aspects of design, optimization and manufacturing process of racing car's upright. Uprights described in this paper are formula student car's uprights. Formula Student is an international competition between university students, which must design and build a new prototype of the car each year, according to the FSAE rules. Uprights for most racing cars, formula student cars included, must meet wide specter of different requirements, like minimal weight, minimal stiffness etc. The first part of this contribution is concerned to design requirements and boundary conditions definition problematics like different uprights types....
Influence of Cutting Tool Wear when Milling Inconel 718 on Resulting Roughness
Ivan Mrkvica, František Špalek, Tomáš Szotkowski
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):457-461 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/121.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/457
At present, a large spectrum of cutting tools and machines is available. Therefore, cutting of difficult to cut materials seems not to be a problem which could not be solved by an appropriate choice of cutting system. This article deals with wear of cutting tool edges when milling a superalloy Inconel 718 and its direct influence on resulting roughness of a machined surface. Combinations of different cutting speeds and feeds have been performed. A criterion of flank wear amounting to VB=0.7 mm was chosen for machined material Inconel 718 and used cutting materials in combination with cutting conditions. Regarding the exacting character of the test...
Numerical Simulation of Cold Rolled Steel Sheet Metal during Blanking Process
Peter Pecháč, Milan Sága, Milan Sapieta
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):462-465 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/122.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/462
This paper presents numerical simulation of blanking process using finite element method and comparison of results obtained by analytical solution commonly used in engineering practice. The problem was modeled using axial symmetry. Experimental measurement was used to create multi-linear plastic material model. Results of numerical simulation were used to create history of blanking force vs. tool displacement.
Evaluation of Quality Costs in the Production Organization
Miroslav Prístavka, Koloman Krištof
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):466-476 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/123.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/466
Within the context and term of quality it can be comprehended as a subjective character. Every individual has its own requirements, expectations or standards on specific product or service. Thus, these parameters are then connected and defined by different priorities. Many of the customers are willing to pay more money for increased quality of bought product however many of them are forced to decrease their requirements due to the costs and they have to be satisfied by products with lower quality or lesser amount of defined parameters. The main aim of the paper is to observe and analysis of cost system and its effect on product quality through the...
Ti6Al4V Nanotubes Filled with Silver Nanoparticles as a Possible Antibacterial Surface for Implants
Eva Průchová, Michaela Kosová, Petra Jarolímová, Luděk Joska, Vojtěch Hybášek
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):477-481 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/124.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/477
The presented work was focused on the use of Ti6Al4V alloy with nanostructured surface and deposited silver nanoparticles as a material with antibacterial surface. Thanks to the electrochemically formed nanotubular oxide structure, a large area was available for silver deposition. Silver was photo-reduced from the silver nitrate solution. The ultrasonic treatment allowed the penetration of a silver source electrolyte into the whole depth of the tubes. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles with size from units of nanometers up to 15 nm. Nanosilver was present throughout the length of the nanotubes. Samples...
Using a Numerical Model to Verification of Thermoelastic Analysis of Flat Specimen
Milan Sapieta, Peter Sulka, Martin Svoboda
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):482-486 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/125.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/482
The paper dealt with experimental measurement of stress distribution on flat specimen with circular hole. The main purpose of this paper is comparison of this measurement with numerical analysis. Experimental measurement was realized on loading machine where loaded specimen was recorded with infrared camera and then measured data was evaluated in specialized software. Numerical analysis were carried out by finite element method (FEM). In both cases was evaluated first invariant of stresses which is sum of principal stresses. It was compared maximal and minimal values, layout and course on horizontal and vertical lines of stresses for all 4 load states.
Production of Assistance Brake for Mechanical Wheelchair
Josef Sedlak, Roman Vanek, Josef Chladil
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):487-492 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/126.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/487
The paper deals with the proposal for the production of an assistance brake for a mechanical wheelchair, which will help the wheelchair users to move in the course of overcoming barrier-free and partially barrier obstacles. The introductory part of the contribution characterizes the basic requirements of the brake for a mechanical wheelchair, especially from a legal point of view and in terms of their safety. The practical part of the paper deals with the production of a prototype pair of assistance brakes in school conditions (workshop C2 of the Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology)...
Nanofluids Application in the Drilling Process
Veikko Shalimba, Bruno Sopko
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):493-498 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/127.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/493
A high performance of heat transfer fluid has a great influence on the size, weight and cost of heat transfer systems, therefore a high-performance heat transfer fluid is very important in many industries. Over the last decades nanofluids have been developed. According to many researchers and publications on nanofluids its evident that nanofluids are found to exhibit enhance thermal conductivity. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the change of workpiece temperature during drilling using Jatropha oil with nanoparticle and water with iron nanoparticle as lubricating and cooling fluids. These experiments were carried out with samples of nanofluid...
The Effect of Aluminium Amount on the Combustion Temperature and Microstructure of Ti-Al alloy After Reactive Sintering
Andrea Školáková, Pavel Salvetr, Pavel Novák
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):499-503 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/128.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/499
Titanium aluminides with various amounts of aluminium were prepared by Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS). Ti-20 wt. % Al, Ti-38 wt. % Al and Ti-63 wt. % Al were chosen according to Ti-Al phase diagram, because these chemical compositions represent Ti3Al, TiAl and TiAl3 phase, respectively. The effect of the amount of aluminium on the combustion temperatures, microstructure and phase composition was studied. Heating of compressed samples was observed by optical pyrometer to determine exothermic reaction which is associated with SHS reaction. It was found that reaction temperatures increased with increasing addition of aluminium as well...
A Simulation on the Effect of Welding Sequences for T-joints under Single V Groove
Lifei Song, Yunsheng Mao, Zuquan Xiang, Zhuo Chen, Liu Bin
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):504-509 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/129.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/504
T-joints are important structural components widely used in the shipbuilding and marine engineering; single V groove is the mostly used groove form for medium-thickness T-joints' welding due to its efficiency. However, because of the asymmetry, complex angular deformation is often produced during welding, which has a negative impact on the structural installation and strength. In this paper, SYSWELD software is used to simulate the welding deformation under single V groove of T-joint based on the thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method. The effectiveness of the model and simulation is verified by experimental results. On this basis, the influence...
Structural Analysis of a Main Construction Assemblies of the New Wagon Prototype Type Zans
Pavol Šťastniak, Lukáš Smetanka, Marián Moravčík
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):510-517 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/130.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/510
The paper is part of the publication series, which describe the most significant and innovative research and development design solutions and computational procedures as part of European structural funds project. The object of this article is strength conditions assessment of a new structure of railway tank wagon. For validation of the new construction assemblies, there has been created a substitute simulation model. Results of calculations and prototype tests prove, that new structure of the construction satisfies strength assessments according to valid requirements and standards.
Use of Infrared Thermography under Laboratory Conditions
Andrej Suchánek, Mária Loulová, Jozef Harušinec, Peter Strážovec
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):518-522 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/131.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/518
The article deals with the use of thermography for the detection of the course of temperature fields during braking. Substantially higher demands on the reliability and safety of individual parts of the braking system are required with the increasing speed of rail vehicles. The noise parameter is also important in addition to the safety itself. Noise arises due to braking by brake with cast iron blocks. One of the possibilities of reducing noise is the use of composite materials for the production of brake blocks. A higher friction coefficient is a disadvantage of the use of brake blocks made of composite materials. These are much worse heat conductors...
A Study of Significant Factors Affecting Viscoelastic Damping Properties of Polymer Materials
Martin Vašina, Marek Pöschl, Petr Zádrapa
Manufacturing Technology 2018, 18(3):523-529 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/132.2018/a/1213-2489/MT/18/3/523
Viscoelastic behaviour of materials is connected with transformation of mechanical energy into heat, which is a measure of a material structural damping. Viscoelastic properties of materials are described by different quantities, e.g. by loss modulus, storage modulus and loss factor. They depend on material type, its structure, excitation frequency, temperature, relative humidity etc. Damping properties were experimentally measured by means of the forced oscillation method. The purpose of the paper was to investigate viscoelastic damping properties of different polymer materials like PE, PP, ABS or rubber. There were studied different factors that...