Manufacturing Technology Journal, 2016 (vol. 16), issue 5

Mini-Thixoforming of Low-Carbon High-Alloy Steel

David Aisman, Hana Jirkova, Katerina Rubesova, Stepan Jenicek

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):845-849 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/845  

Semi-solid processing allows novel microstructures to be produced even in conventional materials. This is thanks to the peculiar conditions of the process and the rapid solidification. Despite that, semi-solid processing is not widely used in practice due to its technological complexity. Mini-thixoforming is an innovative method of processing metals in the region between their solidus and liquidus temperatures. With its small volume of the metal feedstock, it is a very precise and highly dynamic process. Consequently, it can be employed for materials with a very narrow freezing range which, until now, were impossible to thixoform conventionally. The...

Use of Microscopy for Morphology Analysis of Wear Particles Generated in the Fuel Systems of Internal Combustion Engine

Zdeněk Aleš, Jindřich Pavlů, Jaroslava Svobodová, Martin Pexa

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):849-853 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/849  

Microscopy is nowadays applied in different research disciplines. It is widely used in the field of tribology and its application to technical systems. Microscopy is able to analyze morphology of wear particles generated in various technical systems of vehicles. Wear particles are formed not only in lubricating systems, but also in fuel systems. Number of wear particles and their morphology consequently accelerate the process and the intensity of wear. Quite frequently mentioned problem is impact of biofuels or other fluids on their technical condition. Newly produced biofuels may lead to increased wear of the fuel injection system due to reduced lubrication...

Comparison of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of TiCN and CrCN Coatings Deposited by CAD

Totka Bakalova, Nikolay Petkov, Hristo Bahchedzhiev, Pavel Kejzlar, Petr Louda

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):854-858 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/854  

The aim of this paper is to compare the mechanical and tribological properties of TiCN and CrCN coatings. These coatings are widely used in industrial applications to improve both friction and wear. They are deposited at the same deposition parameters using an industrial Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) system. Estimation of the tribology properties is made in a "ball-on-disc" mode, and the wear and wear rates of the coatings and counter-bodies are compared. The test study is conducted using a ball made from Al2O3 with a diameter of 6.350 mm and a load of 10 N, at room temperature and a humidity of 44 ± 2 %. The mechanical properties are estimated...

Tribology of Titanium-Aluminium Base Nanomultilayer Coatings

Totka Bakalova, Nikolay Petkov, Hristo Bahchedzhiev, Petr Louda

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):859-864 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/859  

The article presents investigation of the trybological properties, particularly dry friction and friction using a process fluid, of friction pairs of steel ball against titanium-aluminium base nanomultilayer (NML) coatings. The coatings are deposited by cathodic arc evaporation of both pure titanium and aluminium with eighteen percent silicon cathodes. Each multilayer structure consists of 49 bi-layers. The external deposited layeris with five times longer growing period. The coatings are deposited at the temperature of 400°C and the work pressure of 2 Pa. Polished steel discs (Ø 20 mm × 5 mm thick) are used as the substrate material. The measured...

Applied Heat Treatment and its Influence on IN 718 Alloy Fatigue Life

Juraj Belan, Lenka Kuchariková, Alan Vaško, Eva Tillová

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):865-870 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/865  

The Inconel 718 type is a high-strength, corrosion-resistant, and hardenable alloy with good tensile, fatigue, creep, and rupture strength. Mechanical properties of this alloy are strongly depended on microstructure and from presence of structural features such are gamma double prime (γ''), gamma prime (γ') and delta (δ) phases. Mentioned phases precipitate at various temperature ranges and Nb content as well. The Nb content necessary for delta phase formation is 6 - 8%, the γ'' formation is 4% or higher. When is Nb content lower than 4% the γ' is formed. Heat treatment of such alloys is commonly reported with T-T-T diagrams...

Optimizing the Production of Porous Alloys Based on TiSi

Adriana Bernatiková, Pavel Novák

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):871-874 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/871  

Titanium is widely used as biomaterial due to its excellent corrosion resistence, caused byTiO2 layer that is spontaneously formed on its surface, biocompatibility and good osseonitegration ability. To approach mechanical properties to human bone there is increase of using porous titanium. That form has lower density, causes better ingrowth of bone tissue which makes a strong bond between implant and bone. Porosity also decreases Young's modulus, which causes that the "stress shielding" is eliminated. New alloys based on titanium and silicon seems to be a perspective material for biomedical applications. This work is devoted to the optimization of...

Supramolecular Structure of Polymers and its Effect on Surface Quality of Injection Molded Parts Using Various Surface Quality of Cavities

Ondřej Bílek, Ladislav Fojtl, Vladimír Pata, Jiří Čop

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):874-879 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/874  

This article is focused on influence of finishing operations on the surface quality of polymer products. Finishing operations are the necessary part in the production of injection mold cavities. Surface quality of cavities is reflected to quality of future polymer products. Therefore, it is very important to use appropriate finishing operations and its technological conditions from the aesthetic point of view. However, it is not always necessary to use time consuming and most expensive finishing operations, because the polymeric products are not able to achieve similar surface quality as cavities. The different surface quality of injection molded parts...

Characterization of Zn-Mg-Al Based Drosses from the Continuous Galvanizing

Katarína Blašková, Jarmila Trpčevská, Mária Kuchárová

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):879-883 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/879  

The present paper deals with the microstructure characterization of drosses originated during production of a new type of coating called Zinkomag. This coating creates during continuous galvanizing process and it is characterized by addition of 0.8 - 1.0 wt. % Mg and 0.8 - 1.0 wt. % Al in the zinc galvanizing bath. The addition of magnesium in such coatings leads to increasing of hardness, corrosion resistance, and better color adhesion than most common used coatings (GI coatings). In this paper drosses were investigated using AAS, LM, SEM with EDX microanalysis, and XRD.

Printing of Thin Walls using DMLS

Milan Daňa, Ivana Zetková, Pavel Hanzl

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):883-889 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/883  

This work deals with the problematics of 3D printing. Additive manufacturing (AM) covers a lot of principles of producing products and prototypes, for example, Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). This principle is based on sintering metal powder in thin layers, layer by layer. This theme is very extensive and a very popular research area. The paper is focused on printing thin walls. The material for printing was Maraging Steel MS1. This material achieves great mechanical properties like as high strength and high hardness. The tensile strength can be up to 2000 MPa after age hardening. The printer used was an EOS M290. The effects of different part...

Simulation Analysis of the Effects of a Rail Vehicle Running with Wheel Flat

Ján Dižo, Stasys Steišūnas, Miroslav Blatnický

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):889-896 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/889  

This contribution deals with the computer simulation and the follow analysis of the rail vehicle running with wheel flat. It comprises of two parts. The first part addresses to the problem of rail vehicle operational, which wheel is damaged. There are several types of wheel damages. In this work the wheel flat problem is introduced. Generally, the rail vehicle running with wheel flat is adverse because the track can be shopworn, some parts of rail vehicle can be damaged and also operational condition for passenger or goods (depending on kind of rail vehicle) can be worse markedly. There is also included a system of forces and accelerations measurement...

Structure and Mechanical Properties of WE43 Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Route

Drahomir Dvorsky, Jiri Kubasek, Dalibor Vojtech, Miroslav Cavojsky

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):896-902 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/896  

Rare earth elements in magnesium alloy enhance mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and heat stability up to 300 °C. Those enhancements with low density of magnesium determine this alloy for aviation and automotive industry. Magnesium alloys are also considered as materials for biodegradable implants. In this field there are required good mechanical properties and fair corrosion rate. In this work, WE43 alloy prepared by powder metallurgy with different conditions of sub-processes is prepared. Milling, cold uniaxial pressing, spark plasma sintering (SPS) and extrusion processes are used for sample preparations. Structure and mechanical properties...

Microscopic Evaluation of 3D-Printed Materials Surface and Characteristic Microstructure

Michaela Fousová, Dalibor Vojtěch, Jaroslav Fojt

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):902-909 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/902  

Selective laser melting (SLM) is one of additive manufacturing technologies capable of processing metallic materials. The quality of final product is influenced by a variety of parameters. Although this technology has been studied intensively for several years, the optimal setting is still in search as these parameters vary with different materials, different designs and alike. The layer-by-layer manufacturing approach brings about several characteristic features. Therefore, this study is focused on observation of characteristic microstructure evolution, resulting surface morphology and changes in surface chemistry when SLM is applied in processing...

Experimental Rigs for Wheel /Rail Contact Research

Juraj Gerlici, Mykola Gorgunov, Kateryna Kravchenko, Alexander Kostyukevich, Olena Nozhenko, Tomáš Lack

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):909-916 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/909  

The article discusses the problem and importance of the study of the parameters of interaction between the wheel and the rail. The analysis of the test rig equipment for conducting research was carried out. Conventionally, the methods of conducting research are divided into 3 groups: physical and mathematical models, full-scale test rigs, field tests. Technical solutions for the modernization of the rig equipment of different types are proposed and the results of experimental studies using some of them are presented. For the approximation of rig equipment to the real conditions of operation it is proposed to cool the rail rollers through the use of...

Optimalization of a Brake Unit in Terms of Control Range

Jozef Harušinec, Mária Maňurová, Andrej Suchánek

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):917-923 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/917  

The paper deals with a study of actuator (brake cylinder) modification for generation of braking force in a brake unit. The original solution, carried out using the original brake cylinder in cooperation with the proportional pressure control valve, is sufficient in terms of correct function of the brake unit, but in terms of safety, the corresponding force sensor may be damaged in case of a control circuit proportional pressure valves defect. Another reason for the study is utilization of the total regulation range of the proportional pressure valve and improvement of the brake unit response time in case of braking force overload. Such overload results...

Wear of Engine Oils Using Gaseous Fuels

Vladimír Hönig, Matyáš Orsák

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):923-927 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/923  

The article defines the specifications of engine oils used alternative fuels. Used particle analysis of exploited oils gives the results of the wear mode, which indicates the ratio of large and small wear particles contained in exploited oil. Another very important result is defined as the level of wear, which indicates the amount of wear particles contained in exploited oil. For the level of wear Thin Layer Chromatography was used. It was possible in practical terms to apply discriminant analysis based on the results of these tribodiagnostic methods. Nomogram the wear receives practical information of current oil and engine wear. On oil life and operational...

The Effect of Plasma Treatment on Tensile Strength of Ensete Ventricosum Fibres

Petr Hrabě, Miroslav Müller, Čestmír Mizera

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):928-933 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/928  

This study was focused on an effect of the plasma treatment on a mechanical behaviour of false banana's fibres (Ensete Ventricosum). The aim of the experiment was to describe the tensile strength of Ensete Ventricosum fibres which were modified by the plasma surface treatment. The fibres of Ensete Ventricosum, originally from Ethiopian region Hawassa, were used for this experiment. The fibres were prepared in the length of 100 mm. The samples were modified by the plasma treatment. Plasma was generated from a plasma generator (Plasma Reactor KPR 200 mm RM 54) while supplying the reaction gas (oxygen) and maintaining the reactor's pressure at 0.1 Torr...

Influences of Holders Speed on the Cutting Edge during Drag Finishing

Ondřej Hronek, Miroslav Zetek, Tomáš Bakša, Pavel Adámek

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):933-939 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/933  

The article deals with the influence of the holders speed on the final radius size of the cutting edge. The reason why is investigated radius of cutting edge is that its size affects important parameters in machining process. For example, these parameters are geometrical accuracy of machined components, cutting tool life and stability of machining. Futhermore, it is forces on the cutting edge and thermal influence on the tool. In the experiment five variants are used, prepared by drag finishing. The main variable parameter is holder speed. The aim is to confirm or refute the imput idea. This idea is based on the theory, that the higher holders speed...

Inovation Heat Treatment of Coining Dies - Analysis of the Microstructural Parameters Tool Steels

Daniela Kalincová, Miroslava Ťavodová, Rudolf Kaštan

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):939-946 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/939  

This paper deals with research of the heat treatment of tool steels Böhler K 455, K605 that are determined for production of tools for minting circulation coins. The aim of the research was to determine the impact of introduction of innovative heat treatment on the structural parameters and lifetime of coining dies. Experimental part presents the results of purity evaluation at semi-products with use of EDX analyse of the non-metallic inclusions, also microstructure evaluation, measurement of the size austenite grain after application of innovative heat treatment also. After ending of analysis and evaluation of lifetime coining dies, new parameters...

Using of Microscopy in Optimization of the Ti-Al-Si Alloys Preparation by Powder Metallurgy

Anna Knaislová, Pavel Novák, Kateřina Nová

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):946-949 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/946  

Automotive and aerospace industries are searching for new high-temperature structural materials with improved properties (especially resistance to oxidation, thermal stability and mechanical properties) in combination with low density. Ti-Al-Si alloys fulfill these requirements, but they are very difficult to prepare. In this work, we propose technology including Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS), milling and following consolidation by Spark Plasma Sintering. The technology has been tested on the TiAl20Si20 alloy. Special attention was paid to microstructure and phase composition, and their changes depending on the processing stage.

Surface Treatment of Materials for Variable Applications and Surface Properties and Characterization

Zdenka Kolska, Monika Benkocka, Tereza Knapova, Nikola Slepickova Kasalkova, Katerina Kolarova, Petr Slepicka, Vaclav Svorcik

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):949-955 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/949  

Many materials of general interest, which they are frequently employed in common life, industry, biotechnology, tissue engineering studies, medicine, have many excellent properties, but their inert nature may limit their wider usage in some cases. Many modification techniques have been therefore developed to improve surface properties of variable substrates for other applications. For a long time we study surface properties of a wide range of substrates (polymers, glass, silicate powders, etc.). Surfaces of studied materials are firstly activated by chemical or physical ways and than variable chemical compounds (e.g. nanoparticles, nanostructures or...

Defect Identification in Butt Weld Joint by Ultrasonic Method Phased Array and X-Ray Technique

Radoslav Konar, Michal Bohacik, Milos Mician

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):955-961 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/955  

The article deals with the internal defects identification and characterization in butt weld joints by non-destructive ultrasonic Phased Array and X-ray technique. Basics of ultrasonic and X-ray testing are described in the theoretical part of manuscript. Phased Array and X-ray technique are volume nondestructive methods that can detect internal defects without breaking of construction. Ultrasonic Phased array and X-ray test procedures and test results obtained in non-destructive testing of butt weld are shown in experimental part. Ultrasonic record, X-ray record and weld macrostructure are given for each identified weld deffect. Advantages and disadvantages...

Composite Materials NiTi-Ti2Ni

Eva Kristianová, Pavel Novák

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):961-965 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/961  

NiTi is a shape memory alloy used mainly in medicine. Many applications can be also found in industrial sector. Its properties are considerably determined by structure and phase composition. It was found that production by powder metallurgy method leads to creation of required phase NiTi, but certain amount of hard and brittle phase Ti2Ni is also formed. Its presence in the structure affects mechanical properties of the alloy and it might widen the applicability of material to a new industrial branches. Suitable preparation method of composite material NiTi-Ti2Ni with the possibility to control amount of generated phase Ti2Ni would allow regulation...

Influence of Chemical Treatment of Electrolytic Galvanized Sheet on Adhesive Bond Strength

Alena Krofová, Miroslav Müller

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):965-971 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/965  

A chemical cleaning of an adhesive bonded surface is a significant technological factor at a creation of an adhesive bond. Owing to the fact that producers do not provide information about releasing of harmful substances into the atmosphere mass values of a flow of pollutants were experimentally tested in various chemical environments serving for an adhesive bonded surface treatment. A piece of knowledge of the mass flow of the pollutants which are released into the space is a possible solution which is dealt with in this paper. There is a difference in the individual chemical treatments influence on the adhesive bond strength. The scanning electron...

Effect of Microstructure on the Mechanical Properties of Binary Magnesium Alloys Containing Ga, In and Sn

Jiří Kubásek, Dalibor Vojtěch, Drahomír Dvorský

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):971-978 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/971  

In the present work Mg-Ga, Mg-Sn and Mg-In binary alloys with 1 and 3 wt.% Ga, Sn or In were studied in the as-cats state. Selected Mg-3Ga and Mg-3Sn binary alloys were subsequently extruded at 400 °C. Structures of investigated materials were studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. Mechanical properties were determined by Vickers hardness measurements and tensile and compressive testing. All materials were composed of primary magnesium dendrites and contained strong dendritic microsegregation. Both Ga and Sn have strengthening effect on magnesium; the effect of In is negligible. The extruded alloys were characterized...

Processing of Aluminium Alloys with High Content of Iron by Methods of Powder Metallurgy

Vojtěch Kučera, Filip Průša, Dalibor Vojtěch

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):978-984 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/978  

Powder metallurgy could be an alternative way to ordinary casting technologies in the processing of aluminium alloys with high content of iron. Far more attention is given especially to technologies capable to produce ultrafine microstructures leading to desired mechanical properties. Binary alloy of aluminium and iron (AlFe 17 wt. %) was prepared by mechanical alloying, centrifugal atomization and mechanical working followed by consolidation via spark plasma sintering and hot extrusion. Phase composition of the compact samples consisted of solid solution of iron in aluminium and of intermetallic phase identified as Al13Fe4. Very fine microstructure...

The Suitability of 42SiCr Steel for Quenching and Partitioning Process

Ludmila Kučerová, Hana Jirková, Josef Káňa

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):984-989 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/984  

QP (quenching and partitioning) heat and thermo-mechanical treatment was applied to middle carbon, low alloyed CMnSiCr steel. Various numbers of deformation steps and different heating and cooling rates were tested for this steel. Two QP treatments were accompanied by subsequent annealing step at 250°C (QP-T processing). The effect of several processing strategies on mechanical properties and microstructures was determined by tensile tests and microstructure analysis was carried out by the means of scanning electron microscopy. Volume fraction of retained austenite was further established by X-ray diffraction phase analysis. The final microstructures...

The Porosity Evaluation with Using Image Analyser Software in Aluminium Cast Alloys

Lenka Kuchariková, Eva Tillová, Juraj Belan, Denisa Závodská, Ivana Švecová

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):989-994 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/989  

Aluminium castings have played an integral role in the growth of the aluminium industry since its inception in the late 19th century. The Al-Si-Cu alloys are the most versatile materials, comprising 85 - 90 % of the total aluminium cast parts produced by the automotive industry due to their highest strength to weight ratio, good thermal conductivity, excellent fluidity, hot tear resistance and feeding characteristics which allow casting intricate shapes such as engine blocks, cylinder head sore chassis components and so on. Whereas these parts are made by casting the porosity evolution is important, in order to secure the best mechanical properties...

Analysis of The Causes the Degradation of Part Steam Generator by Using Microscopy Methods

Sylvia Kuśmierczak, Tomáš Majzner

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):995-998 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/995  

Degradation of technical objects is a natural phenomenon, but for users of these objects brings many problems. These problems are manifested by shortening lifetime, lowering safety and increasing costs for the technical operation of technical objects. This article analyzes the causes of degradation of parts steam generator using methods of microscopy. Degradation processes that occur most frequently in parts of steam generators are creep, corrosion and wear. The degradation occurred on the tube of convection superheater from steel CSN 41 5128. It was found that the inner surface was covered with corrosion products and was disrupted its cohesion. For...

Computer Simulation of Laser Welding Technology of Chrome-Nickel Steels in Automotive Industry and its Verification by Means of Electron Microscopy

Petra Kvasnová, Daniel Novák, Viktor Novák, Ján Stebila

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):998-1003 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/998  

Numerical simulation of technological processes enables their exact description and it makes possible to get closer to the real process courses. The described method uses mathematical models transformed into the finite element method. The processes of interaction of the laser beam with the surface of austenitic stainless steel are first observed on simple geometrical models. Hereby the basic parameters of the processes are analyzed, and individual welding stages are described as dynamic fluid systems, in which steel is in a liquid state and it behaves as an incompressible fluid, while it is simultaneously loaded by the heat flux from the laser beam....

Corrosion Resistance of 1.4362 Steel in Boiling 65% Nitric Acid

Tomasz Lipiński

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1004-1009 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1004  

Lean duplex stainless steels were developed for use in environments where high strength and corrosion resistance are required. Duplex stainless steels offer a cost-effective solution with high strength and corrosion resistance. Due to high chromium content and a balanced composition, 1.4362 ferritic-austenitic stainless steel possesses excellent corrosion resistance in acidic environments. General corrosion problems in duplex stainless steels at 475°C have been widely researched. Steels are most degraded at 475°C, but corrosion can still occur at both lower and higher temperatures. Corrosion resistance is influenced by chromium content and microstructural...

Structure of Al-Mg-Si Cast and Extruded Rods for Die Forgings

Jan Luštinec, Vladivoj Očenášek, Miroslav Jelínek jr.

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1009-1013 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1009  

The manufacture of die forgings from Al-Mg-Si type alloys is one of important topics of material and forming technology development. One of innovation factors affecting the forging technology is based on the use of continually cast rods instead of extruded ones. This change of technology is, however, connected with some problems concerning the structure, an inhomogeneous surface layer, surface morphology of cast rods and increased flow stress of the cast structure as well. The present paper deals with some aspects relating to the inhomogeneity of structure, intermetallic phases and thermomechanical treatment. The investigation of the cast and extruded...

Metallurgy and Structure of Casting Alloy Cu-30Zn Cast in Sand Moulds

Jiri Machuta, Iva Nova, Josef Horacek

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1014-1020 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1014  

Currently at our department - Department of Engineering Technology - Technical University in Liberec), we are under-tracking properties of copper alloys. This article is dedicated of the brass (Cu-30Zn), which is used for production of decorative castings. With production of decorative castings deal various foundries in the Czech Republic. The staff of these foundries for long periods gained a lot of experience in metallurgy and preparation of the copper alloy melts. In terms of our foundry there is little available literature data, which would characterize the crystallization and solidification of castings produced from single and multicomponent brass....

The Analysis of a Rail Vehicle with a Tilting Bogie

Mária Maňurová, Andrej Suchánek

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1020-1027 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1020  

The paper deals with simulation analysis of a rail vehicle with a tilting bogie. The goal is to determine the wheel force in the rail-wheel contact and subsequently determine the safety against derailment. The rail vehicle model was designed in CAD program CATIA and imported to program SIMPACK with the RAIL module extension afterwards. Eight variants of different velocity, vehicle occupancy and setting of the tilting mechanism were analysed. The vehicle model was run along a track composed of straight sections and four succesive curves. Diagrams of the examined quantities icluding the lateral flanging force, vertical wheel load and the safety against...

Environmental Influence on the Measurement Results when Verifying and Calibrating Radar Level Gauges

Jaromír Markovič, Zbyněk Schreier, Stanislav Ďuriš, Jana Krivosudská

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1028-1033 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1028  

The present paper deals with the metrology, especially with the legal metrology that is responsible for assuring the uniformity and correctness of measurements. In addition to the definition and explanation of the basic terms and principles applied in the metrology, the paper presents especially the results of the scientific and research work in the cross-disciplinary fields of the legal metrology in Slovakia, namely in design and realization of a new measuring system for the verification of the radar level gauges.

Accelerated Aging of Polymeric Composites in Laboratory Conditions

Lenka Markovičová, Viera Zatkalíková, Alan Vaško

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1033-1037 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1033  

A "composite" is characterized as the comibation of two or more materials with diametrically different properties, which result into the creation of a new superior and unique material. This is the most commondefinition that holds true for all composites, however, more recently the term "composite" describes reinforced plastics. Polymers are used in every walk of life now-a-days. They are not even hundred years old, but play the significant role in every sector of life such as sports, defense, medicine, automotive, electrical, agricultural etc. In the beginning, polymers were considered as excellent insulators, but today also conductive polymers are...

Built-up Edge Formation in Machining AlSi7Mg0.3 Alloy

Michal Martinovsky, Jan Madl, Jan Vitner

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1038-1041 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1038  

One of the main problems in machining Al alloys represents built-up edge formation. This paper is focused on the effect of selected modifiers in AlSi7Mg0.3 alloy on built-up edge formation. Four variants of castings modified by strontium, calcium and antimony are used. All these alloys are compared with non-modified alloy. Built-up formation leads to the increasing of surface roughness for both types of built-up edge - unstable or stable. If unstable built-up edge is produced, surface roughness increases enormously. Therefore the research is focused on surface roughness in different cutting conditions. There were moulded castings of non-modified alloy...

MMM Technique for Non Destructive Evaluation of Surfaces

Anna Mičietová, Mária Čilliková, Kamil Kolařík, Miroslav Neslušan, Václav Svoboda

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1041-1047 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1041  

This paper deals with non destructive evaluation of surfaces via progressive method based on Metal Magnetic Memory (MMM). The paper reports about the physical background of this technique as well as presents specific results of some tests carried out on industrial and laboratory surfaces. This method seems to be promising techniques for fast and reliable monitoring components exposed to the surface modification as well as degradation under the external mechanical and other loads. The paper also discusses some advantages and disadvantages of this technique and presents some examples in which real components are monitored by the use of this technique.

Microscopic Characterization of Au Nanoparticles Prepared by Sputtering Method

Alena Michalcová, Dalibor Vojtěch

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1048-1051 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1048  

This article offers a novel method of gold nanoparticles preparation which increases their obsevation feasibility. Gold nanoparticles were prepared by sputtering of 6 nm of gold on surface of NaCl crystals and consequent annealing. Gold nanoparticles were separated from the substrate mechanically in the ultrasonic bath. The preparation of gold nanoparticles on NaCl substate is extremely versatile. It enables to descibe size and shape of the individual nanoparticles much better than usually used SEM and AFM techniques, it enables to see the lattice arrangements and also to do more precise chemical analysis without the influence of the substrate. It...

Study of Surface Morphology and Topography of Pure Iron Machined by WEDM

Katerina Mouralova, Libor Benes, Radim Zahradnicek

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1051-1055 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1051  

Owing to its magnetic properties, pure iron is among materials investigated with a view to their use for improving existing memory media. Experimental equipment made of pure iron is prepared by using lithographic methods and magnetron sputtering, putting specific technological requirements on the input material. The non-conventional method of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) was used for the pure iron target in order to meet those requirements. The present study was devoted to the topology and morphology of the iron target machined by the electrical discharge method. Morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as a method...

Evaluation of Single-Lap Adhesive Bond Quality by Means of Electron Microscopy Methods

Miroslav Müller

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1056-1062 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1056  

The research is focused on an analysis of bonds adhesive bonded with structural two-component epoxy adhesives by means of an electron microscopy. The paper deals with an evaluation of basic factors influencing an adhesive bond creation with an emphasis on a resultant adhesive bond quality. The adhesive bond quality was reviewed on the basis of an assessment of reached adhesive bond strength, a fracture surface and by a research on adhesive bonds cuts by means of the optical analysis (SEM). Evaluated criteria of the adhesive bond creation were: the adhesive bonded surface treatment, the time of an adhesive workability and the loading value at the fixation...

Analysis of the Composition of Selected Inserts Using Electron Microscopy

Nataša Náprstková, Jaromír Cais, Dana Stančeková, Pavel Kraus

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1063-1067 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1063  

Using of cutting inserts is currently a normal part of the manufacturing process. The article deals with structural analysis and material selection of inserts for turning. Analysis of the composition of experimental inserts was made by electron microscopy, namely EDS analysis. EDS analysis is an analysis using an energy dispersive spectrometer. For this purpose was used EDS analyzer Bruker 16 which is part of a scanning electron microscope Tescan Vega 3. These analysis can provide a good picture of the structure and construction of inserts and their composition. This may assist in finding suitable cutting conditions. These analyzes were performed in...

Tool Wear Evaluation of Selected Inserts after Turning by Electron Microscopy

Nataša Náprstková, Jaromír Cais, Pavel Kraus, Tuong Nguyen Van

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1068-1073 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1068  

Using of cutting inserts is currently a normal part of the manufacturing process. The article deals with the tool wear evaluation of selected inserts for turning by electron microscopy. Use of electron microscopy helps on closer analysis of machining consequences forthese plates, because the microscope images captured with electronmicroscope have a greater depth of sharpness and can display examined object with greater plasticity. It is yet another way to explore objects and extends the possibilities for obtaining large quantities of information. These analyzes were realized in other experiments performed at the Faculty of Production Technology and...

Magnetic Anisotropy of Hard Milled Surfaces

Miroslav Neslušan, Róbert Farda, Mária Čilliková, Pavel Kejzlar

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1073-1078 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1073  

Grinding operations are sometimes replaced with hard turning or milling cycles. Mechanism of chip separation during grinding and the corresponding surface integrity remarkably differs from hard turning or milling. For this reason, this paper deals with application of Barkhausen noise for evaluation of surface anisotropy after hard milling. Experiments were carried out on bearing steel 100CrMn6 hardened on 45, 55, 62 HRC and one series without heat treatment. The analysis contains comparison of RMS values for the different hardness and tool wear after hard milling and also discusses the specific mechanism of BW motion in the case of cyclic magnetization.

Influence of Chemical Composition of Selected Materials on the Roughness of Cutting Edge and the Width of HAZ

Rastislav Nigrovič, Jozef Meško, Dušan Arsić, Vukić Lazić, Ružica Nikolić

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1078-1085 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1078  

The presented article deals with the technology and principals of laser cutting. The article describes the properties of CO2 laser beam, input parameters of laser cutting process, assist gases, the interaction of the cut material and the stability of laser cutting. The chemical compositions of cut materials and their influence on the cutting properties focusing on the roughness of the surface, are described as well. In the experimental part the roughness of the surface was measured by using the 3D scanning and evaluation of the microstructure in the HAZ area was provided.

Microstructure of Aluminium Alloys Casting Intended for Cyclical Thermal Stress

Iva Nova, Jiri Machuta

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1085-1091 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1085  

The article presents the microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium cylinder head engine. The cylinder heads are manufactured by gravity casting. Gravity casting (GC) is very good process for making complex mechanical parts of light metal like aluminium alloys. However recently another light metal has come to the forefront in the quest for fighter vehicles and improved fuel economy. The most commonly used aluminium alloy for gravity casting automotive components is the Al-Si-Mg type. AlSi10Mg is a good purity of aluminium alloy with good corrosion resistance, very good mechanical properties and good castability. AlSi10Mg alloy is slightly...

Microstructure of New Cobalt Alloy for Medical Use

Kateřina Nová, Pavel Novák, Anna Knaislová, Drahomír Dvorský, Jiří Zýka

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1091-1095 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1091  

The objective of this work was to investigate and evaluate the effect of the composition and production on microstructure and tribological properties of cobalt alloys. The referece material was Co-28Cr-6Mo alloy, which is successfully used in the medicine for many years. The excellent corrosion resistance is the advantage, as well as better wear resistance than is offered by titanium or stainless steel implants. Standard Co-Cr-Mo alloy and also Co-Cr-Mo alloy with Ti in an amount 5 wt. %, were prepared by casting and also mechanical alloying followed by "Spark Plasma Sintering" consolidation. The influence of production route as well as influence of...

Contribution of Microscopy to Clarify the Mechanism of Ni-Ti Phases Formation During Reactive Sintering

Pavel Novák, Pavel Salvetr, Kateřina Nová, Jaromír Kopeček, Miroslav Karlík, Davy Deduytsche, Christophe Detavernier, Lucyna Jaworska

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1095-1100 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1095  

NiTi alloy exhibits the shape memory effect, which implies the application in medicine and also many industrial branches. This paper is devoted to the manufacture of these alloys by the use of powder metallurgy using reactive sintering. This method could enable easier production of this alloy and achievent of higher purity. However, for the optimization of this technology, the deeper knowledge of the mechanism of the process is needed. This work uses microscopy on real powder mixtures subjected to reactive sintering, as well as on model samples processed under various conditions.

Thermochemical Treatment of Non-Ferrous Alloys

Pavel Novák, Pavel Salvetr, Adriana Bernatiková, Dalibor Vojtěch

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1100-1102 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1100  

Even though the thermochemical treatment is thought as a typical domain of ferrous alloys, there exists a series of technically important processes in the case of non-ferrous metals. Thermochemical heat treatment processes can be divided to two main groups to the manufacture of wear resistant layers and the corrosion protection, mainly against the high-temperature corrosion. This paper summarizes current knowledge in this field and describes the realization of the processes and examples of practical applications.

The Shape and Structure of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

Jan Novotný, Martin Jaskevič, Jaromír Cais, Tran Doan Hung

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1102-1106 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1102  

Paper deals with problems of nanoparticles and nanomaterials applied in technical practice. In this time, we are looking for and examining ways of their best properties utilization. When being applied on the base material (metal, plastic, glass, incl. paper, cloth, etc.) In the form of very thin layer, then the base material can obtain very different properties, mostly advantageous, including improvement of their mechanical properties. To obtain these properties, it is necessary to apply nanomaterials in the form of very thin layer and for this purpose we need extremely fine granular nanoparticles that can be produced by means of fine milling technology....

Verification for the Causes of the Degradation of Welded Joints in Power Plant

Jan Novotný, Jarmila Honzíková, Václav Pilous, Karel Stránský

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1106-1110 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1106  

The article deals with the causes of degradation of weld joints, reducing the structural stability of joints in determining of the carbon coefficient, depending on the bandwidth, due to thermally activated happening.

The Usage of SEM for Fatigue Properties Evaluation of Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 316L

Peter Palček, Monika Oravcová, Mária Chalupová, Milan Uhríčik

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1110-1115 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1110  

Fatigue failure is a process resulting first from change of mechanical properties, then fatigue crack initiation occurs and progressive growth of crack (propagation of fatigue crack) leading to final fracture. The failure can occur either in low number of cycles (≤ 104 cycles; low cycle fatigue) or over millions of cycles (high cycle fatigue). The fatigue behavior of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel on microstructure was investigated. The fatigue fracture was investigated after three point cyclic bending test which was realized on V-notched testing bar. Fatigue crack nucleated from several sites under the notch. The failure mechanism proceeded...

Tribodiagnostic Analysis of Motor Oil after Failure of Turbocharger of Combustion Engine

Jindřich Pavlů, Vladimír Hönig, Zdeněk Aleš, Rostislav Chotěborský

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1115-1122 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1115  

Microscopy is mainly used in tribotechnical diagnostics for the analysis of the total number and morphology of the wear particles in the lubrication systems. Wear particles may accelerate wear and ultimately may cause a failure in lubricating systems. Therefore, this paper deals the tribodiagnostic problem which is focused on microscopic analysis of wear particles and additional tribodiagnostic analysis of motor oil. There was taken sample of motor oil after failure of turbocharger of combustion engine. The purpose of the paper is to compare the results of microscopic analysis for evaluation of wear particles in motor oil. These analyses are key for...

Influence of the Bending Momentum Loading of Testing Samples from the Alloy AlSi7Mg0.3 on the Surface Stress State Detected by X-ray Diffraction

Ondřej Řidký, Jiří Sobotka

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1123-1129 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1123  

These days are more and more posing claims for the highest quality of castings from the aluminium alloys and for the lowest weight of these castings. Thus for complex material (in this case alloy) utilization it is very important to monitor its behavior both during production (chemical composition, metallographic evaluation of the structure, observance of thermal treatments temperatures, refining and degassing of melt and so on) and also during its loading. This papers deals with the monitoring changes of stress on the testing samples surface arising from the force loading. As a loading there was a bending momentum at the testing samples (rods) from...

Hydrogenation Conditions which Do Not Result in Formation of Cracks During Hydrogen Charging Process of Steels

Gejza Rosenberg, Iveta Sinaiová

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1129-1135 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1129  

It is well known that the susceptibility of steels to hydrogen embrittlement is markedly dependent on hydrogenation conditions of samples. In this contribution are presented key results of relatively extensive studies oriented to examination of the effect of electrolytic hydrogen charging conditions (charging time and current density) on the hydrogen embrittlement of steels evaluated by the slow three point bend tests, micro- and macro-hardness tests. Various kinds of industrially produced hot rolled steel strips were tested (structural steel, dual phase and HSLA steels). The major aim of this study was to determine the hydrogenation conditions that...

Comparison of Ni-Ti-Si Alloy Prepared by Various Powder Metallurgy Routes

Pavel Salvetr, Benoit Daney, Pavel Novák

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1136-1140 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1136  

This work describes three ways of preparation of Ni-Ti-Si shape memory alloy by powder metallurgy methods. The self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, combination of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, milling and spark plasma sintering and mechanical alloying with following spark plasma sintering were applied to Ni-Ti-Si powder mixture. The differences in microstructure, phase composition, transformation temperatures and mechanical properties were observed and at the same time these properties were compared with other Ni-Ti and Ni-Ti-X alloys.

Hydrogen Embrittlement of Biomedical Shape Memory Ni-Ti Wire

Jan Serak, Dalibor Vojtech, Vojtech Hybasek, Alexandra Senkova, Jiri Kubasek, Alena Michalcova, Iva Pospisilova, Michaela Fousova

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1141-1146 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1141  

Equimolar NiTi alloy known as Nitinol, is a modern metallic material on which very high demands are placed. This alloy has been used for its unique properties, such as shape memory, superelasticity and pseudoplasticity. Nitinol also has very good corrosion resistance and applicability as a biomaterial. In medicine Nitinol is most often used in the form of stents, which are used as reinforcement bottlenecks in the cardiovascular system or gastrointestinal tract, ortodontistic wires, orthopedic terminals of micro invasive surgery tools, tools for endoscopy and apertures or aneurysms. Successful use is subject to a manufacturer's declared stable mechanical...

Thermal Analysis of Ni-Ti-X Alloys Prepared by Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis

Andrea Školáková, Pavel Novák, Pavel Salvetr

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1146-1150 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1146  

In this work, the influence of alloying elements on the transformation temperatures and temperatures of formation of NiTi intermetallic phases were investigated. NiTi alloys are characterized by shape memory effect, pseudoplasticity and superelasticity. These properties strongly depend on the alloy composition in binary Ni-Ti and ternary Ni-Ti-X. Because these alloys are used in various branches of industry, such as aerospace, engineering or medicine, the addition of ternary element can influence their application significantly. Especially, the presence of Ti2Ni and Ni3Ti in the NiTi matrix may cause a degradation of the shape memory behaviour and...

Low-Cyclic Fatigue of Adhesive Bonds

Vladimír Šleger, Miroslav Müller

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1151-1157 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1151  

An adhesive bonding technology is limited by a cyclic loading of an adhesive bond. The paper deals with a testing of a low-cyclic fatigue of single-lap bonds reinforced with glass beads (B159, a fraction size 90 ± 20 μm). The aim of the research is a study of a low-cyclic behaviour of structural adhesive bonds by means of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The research will contribute to a clarification of the fatigue behaviour (low-cyclic) of structural adhesive bonds. The aim of the study was to evaluate a service life of the adhesive bond in terms of its fatigue loading at a low-cyclic shear test. Values of a pulsating loading for the...

Testing of the New Chemical Pre-treatments Types Applied on the Steel Substrate

Jaroslava Svobodova, Pavel Kraus, Radek Lattner, Arlette Mrisova

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1157-1162 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1157  

This article deals with the analysis of the chemical pre-treatment influence on the corrosion resistance of the low carbon unalloyed steel material after cold forming. These are the pre-treatments nanotechnology based. The layer is created by sol-gel technology. Except two used types of nano chemical pre-treatments is also used classical ferric phosphate. The six variants of chemical pre-treatments were prepared and these variants were then compared in terms of corrosion resistance and the way of exclusion and surface morphology using SEM and EDS analysis. The experimental samples were prepared for each variant. They were observed macroscopically and...

Microscopy of Material Surfaces for Tissue Engineering

Václav Švorčík, Petr Slepička, Jakub Siegel, Oleksiy Lyutakov, Nikola Slepičková Kasálková, Kateřina Kolářová, Alena Řezníčková, Zdeňka Kolská

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1162-1168 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1162  

The field of material surface modification with aim of biomaterials construction involves several approaches based on surface treatments that allow to prepare materials, which support the cell adhesion and proliferation and thus aid and improve the tissue formation. Modified materials have a surface composition and morphology intended to interact with biological systems and cellular functions. Not only surface chemistry has an effect on material biological response, surface structures of different morphology can be constructed to guide a desirable biological outcome. Nano-patterned material surfaces have been tested with aim to determine how surface...

The Influence of Heat Treatment on Tool Properties Mulcher

Miroslava Ťavodová, Daniela Kalincová, Michaela Hnilicová, Richard Hnilica

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1169-1173 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1169  

The paper describes the analysis of two different worn-out tools of mulch devices. Both tools have been decommissioned due to missing of WC tips that have been soldered to the tool body. The tools body showed a significant signs of deformation. The input data of tools have been missing therefore it was carried out chemical analysis, hardness measurement and evaluation of material microstructure. Of the data collected has been identified material of tools and the heat treatment was proposed to increase the tool life. Then again followed analysis of the material to detect changes in the structure and mechanical properties. Consequently, we propose alternatives...

Use of Microscopy in the Study of Self-Hardening Al-Alloy for Automotive Application

Eva Tillová, Mária Chalupová, Lenka Kuchariková, Denisa Závodská, Juraj Belan, Alan Vaško

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1174-1179 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1174  

Self-hardening secondary Al-Zn-Si-Mg alloys represent an innovative class of light Al-Si alloys. The most important and relevant feature of the self-hardening alloys is related to their good performance, without the need of any heat treatment. Mechanical properties depend upon the morphologies, type and distribution of the phases. It is therefore important to study the intermetallic phases occurring in the secondary Al-alloys, where they found more than in the primary-Al alloys. Study of intermetallic phases in the alloy was performed on an optical microscope using classical etching technique (by 0.5 % HF) to invocation black-white contrast as well...

The Stress Detection and the Fatigue Lifetime of Stainless Steel during Three-Point Bending Cyclic Loading

Milan Uhríčik, Monika Oravcová, Peter Palček, Mária Chalupová

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1179-1182 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1179  

The article will describe investigation of the deformation of stainless steel during three-point bending cyclic loading with using thermovision. The analysis will prove different temperature response to external loading and dependence of elastic or plastic deformation development on material's state. The input data which are necessary for this analysis we will can get from temperature field of specimen surface. Process of elastic and plastic deformation is in dependence on radiation emitted by the object. For obtain thermal fields we will use thermal camera FLIR SC7000 with the highest sensitivity. The contribution also presents results of fatigue...

Applications of Microscopy in Experimental Description of Glass Powder/Epoxy Systems

Petr Valášek

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1183-1188 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1183  

Composite systems are promising types of materials which due to the mechanical properties are used in a variety of industries. The resulting mechanical properties of these materials are defined by the properties of individual phases and their mutual interaction. When defining these factors it is possible to use microscopy and non-destructive methods. This paper describes the use of fluorescence confocal microscopy to describe the porosity of thermosetting resin forming matrix of systems filled with particles of glass powder. Confocal microscopy is also used to describe the surface of the steel adherent before application of the composite system when...

Microstructure and Fatigue Properties of Nodular Cast Iron at Low Frequency Cyclic Loading

Alan Vaško, Juraj Belan, Lenka Markovičová, Eva Tillová

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1188-1193 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1188  

The paper deals with the influence of charge composition on microstructure, mechanical and fatigue properties of synthetic nodular cast irons and their micromechanisms of failure. The basic charge of experimental melts was formed by a different ratio of pig iron and steel scrap. Chemical composition of individual melts was regulated alternatively by silicon carbide (SiC) or ferrosilicon (FeSi) and carburizer. The specimens from three melts of nodular cast iron with different microstructure and mechanical properties were used for experiments. Fatigue tests were realised at low frequency sinusoidal cyclic push-pull loading (stress ratio R = -1) at ambient...

Corrosion resistance of Cr-Ni-Mo Stainless Steel in Chloride and Fluoride Containing Environment

Viera Zatkalíková, Lenka Markovičová, Mária Chalupová

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1193-1198 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1193  

Austenitic stainless steels are widely used for various biomedical applications because of their biocompatibility, high resistance to uniform corrosion and suitable mechanical properties. However, they are prone to local corrosion in aggressive halides environments. This article focuses on the effect of fluoride added to physiological saline solution (0.05 % NaF resp. 0.5 % NaF + 0.9 % NaCl solution) and on the effect of fluoride containing mouthwash (0.05 % NaF) on corrosion resistance of AISI 316L surgical steel. Evaluation is based on results of 42-days exposition immersion tests performed at the temperature of 37 °C (REM observation of attacked...

Fractography Evaluation of Fracture Surfaces of Aluminium Alloy After Fatigue Tests

Denisa Závodská, Eva Tillová, Lenka Kuchariková, Mária Chalupová

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1199-1204 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1199  

Secondary cast alloy AlZn10Si8Mg (UNIFONT-90) is generally used for engine and automotive constructions, hydraulic unit and mold making without any additional heat treatment. It has good properties such as castability, very good mechanical strength, light weight, good wear resistance and very good machining. At present, one of the main limits to a wide use of aluminium alloys for engine or automotive applications is a lack of complete understanding of their fatigue behaviour and of the relationships to microstructural features, particularly as far as casting alloys are concerned.Fatigue properties of AlZn10Si8Mg cast alloy in the high-cycle cycle...

Low-cyclic Fatigue Test of Adhesive Bond Reinforced with Biodegradable Fabrics

Jan Zavrtálek, Miroslav Müller

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1205-1211 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1205  

To improve mechanical properties of adhesive bonds and to reduce an amount of an adhesive spherical particles or fibres are used. Glass and carbon fibres are mostly used types of fibres, however, they are not environmental friendly. So biodegradable materials, namely jute, cotton and linen were used for experiments. The aim of the experiment is to clarify the fatigue behaviour of structural two-component epoxy adhesive applied to a constructional steel S235J0. The fabrics were composed of jute, cotton and linen in a plain weave and the weights in grams 140g/m2 for cotton, 261g/m2 for linen and 305g/m2 for jute were used. The specimens for quasi-static...

Monitoring and Evaluating Cutting Tool Wear using a IFM G4 Microscope

Miroslav Zetek, Tomáš Bakša, Václav Schorník, Ivana Zetková

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1211-1216 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1211  

Evaluation of cutting tool wear is the technique generally used when monitoring cutting tool life. Different tool wear types increase depending on the cutting conditions and machined material on the cutting edge surface. The evaluated parameters depend on the tool wear type and where the tool wear is created. All these parameters are described by ISO 3685 standards. When a standard optical microscope is used, it is very difficult to determine the volumetric parameters and, in many cases, the actual (real) area of the tool wear. A standard optical microscope works on the basis of 2D screening. The new microscope works on the basis of 3D scanning, so...

Critical Parameters of Metal Laser Sintering with its Impact on Geometrical Accuracy of a Component

Ivana Zetková, Miroslav Zetek, Milan Daňa, Jan Kutlwašer

Manufacturing Technology 2016, 16(5):1216-1222 | DOI: 10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/MT/16/5/1216  

3D printing of metallic powders is a relatively new but increasingly used technology in a wide range of sectors. Design engineers are responding flexibly to new opportunities for production and components for 3D printing and are designing with respect to the advantages and limitations of this technology. Through the additive method of production, we can produce very specific components with complex shapes, both internal and external, which cannot be produced by conventional methods, thereby opening up new possibilities both in functional components and in their design.This paper deals with the influence of critical parameters of metal laser sintering...