Manufacturing Technology Journal - Latest articles
Results 241 to 270 of 279:
Finite Element Simulation of Cylinder Closure Spinning
Liyan Sui, Yilian Xie, Baoming Liu, Zhen Jia
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):333-340 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.040 
As a gas storage container, gas cylinders have been widely used in industry, mining, military, medicine, diving, automobiles and other fields. The gas cylinder produced by spinning can fundamentally eliminate the defects related to the weld in the traditional production process. In order to explore the metal flow law of cylinder closure spinning, its finite element simulation is established and carried out by using ABAQUS/explicit software. The influence of the parameters such as angle radius R and screw wheel installation angle on the metal flow field and wall thickness distribution are studied and revealed.
Method for Controlling Production Cost of Nano Ti-based Materials based on DMAIC
Aobing Wang, Haiyan Zhang, Xin Li, Xin Zhang, Wenjing Wang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):354-365 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.039
In order to reduce the production cost of nano titanium based functional materials, a production cost control method of nano titanium based functional materials based on DMAIC is proposed in this paper. The DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) model was used to analyze the production of nanoTi-based functional materials and define the main factors affecting the production cost of nanoTi-based functional materials. The indicators for measuring the quali. The regression model was established to determine the main factors affecting the rod content and yield of nanoTi-based functional materials. The appropriate experiments were used to determine...
Cold Blow Forming of a Thin Sheet in AA8006 Aluminum Alloy
Gillo Giuliano, Gianluca Parodo, Wilma Polini, Luca Sorrentino
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):284-289 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.038
Thin sheets of aluminum alloys are widely used for the packaging of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products and in the food industry; however they present critical issues during the forming process. The blow forming process, which is widely used in the glass and plastics industries and for the hot forming of metal sheets, allows solving the problems related to the lubrication and the small tolerance ranges of the tools required by the well-known deep drawing process to form a thin sheet. In this work, the blow forming process is proposed for the first time to cold form thin metal sheets. Its advantage is connected with the use of equipment with a simple...
Overall Equipment Effectiveness-related Assembly Pattern Catalogue based on Machine Learning
Péter Dobra, János Jósvai
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):276-283 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.036
Nowadays, a lot of data is generated in production and also in the domain of assembly, from which different patterns can be extracted using machine learning methods with the support of data mining. With the help of the revealed patterns, the assembly operations and processes can be further opti-mized, thus the profit achieved can be increased. This article attempts to explore the patterns related to the most used Key Performance Indicator (KPI) in manufacturing, the Overall Equipment Effec-tiveness (OEE) metric. The patterns and relationships discovered will be sorted into Assembly Pattern Catalogue (APC). Firstly, a literature review demonstrates...
Effect on Surface Properties of H13 Mold Steel Cladding Layer by Scanning Strategy
Changlong Zhao, Junbao Yang, Ming Li, Qinxiang Zhao, Hongnan Ma, Xiaoyu Jia, Haifeng Zhang
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):380-390 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.035
Laser cladding technology is used to clad the surface layer of H13 mold steel with Ni60A metal powder coating to solve the failure problem. The study used JMatPro software to extract and fit the thermophysical property parameters of the substrate and the clad material, and then used ANSYS APDL software to qualitatively analyze the distribution of melt pool morphology, nodal temperature versus time course curve and residual stress magnitude during the laser cladding process. Based on the results of the minimum residual stress in the cladding, reasonable scan paths were derived for the preparation of metal coatings on the surface layer of the die steel....
A Design of Experiment Analysis Approach to Improve Part Quality in 3D Printing
Mostafa Abbas Jabbar
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):290-297 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.034
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the widely used technologies of additive manufacturing. The concern over the surface quality and dimensional accuracy is getting increased among the research community. The design of the experimental methodology is based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of fractional factorial design. This analysis was used to study the effect of layer thickness, extrusion temperature, speed of deposition, and fill density on dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of the model developed by FDM. Polylactic Acid (PLA) material has been selected in this work as it is inexpensive, easy to print, and biodegradable. The results...
The Effect of Mixing the Additive Material with the Substrate During the Renovation of the Foundry Mold by TIG Welding Hardfacing
Jozef Sutka, Radoslav Konar
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):341-347 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.033
The article is focused on the effect of mixing the additional material with the substrate (base materi-al) on the properties of the weld metal during arc welding with TIG technology. The research is aimed at the use of arc welding with TIG technology in the repair of foundry molds. These are repairs of permanent steel foundry molds. The parts of the mold in contact with the liquid metal are subject-ed to heat-chemical-mechanical stress. This load causes mold wear, which causes a decrease in sur-face quality and a change in the dimensional accuracy of the casting. The main cause of wear on the functional surfaces of the mold cavity is tribological processes....
The Biomechanics of Head Injuries during Tram-Pedestrian Accidents
Karel Jelen, Eva Tlapakova, Monika Sorfova, Ondrej Fanta, Petr Kubovy, Frantisek Lopot, Filip Hrusa, Lukas Fara, Roman Jezdik, Hynek Purs, Tommi Tikkanen, Martin Novak, Lubos Tomsovsky
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):298-306 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.031
The goal of the study was to analyze the kinematic and dynamic response of the human head during the primary impact of tram-pedestrian collisions. The anthropomorphic test device (dummy) was used for two collision scenarios: the frontal (dummy facing the approaching tram) and side impact (dummy standing with its shoulder towards the tram). The crash tests were conducted with four different types of tram, typical for Prague’s public transportation, and at four different impact speeds (5, 10, 15, and 20 km/h). The primary outcome variable was the resultant head acceleration. The risk and severity of possible head injuries were analyzed using the...
Effect of Temperature and Deformation on the Stability of Retained Austenite in Closed-die Forgings from High-strength Martensitic Manganese-silicon Steels
Dagmar Bublíková, Hana Jirková, Adam Stehlík, Štěpán Jeníček
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(3):269-275 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.030
In advanced steels, retained austenite is an important phase in the final microstructure, which provides a favourable combination of strength and ductility. Advanced methods capable of achieving this include the Q-P process (Quenching and Partitioning). By this means, strength of around 2000 MPa and elongation of 10-15 % can be obtained. The main factors that determine whether retained austenite remains stable in the mar-tensitic matrix include its morphology, particle size and distribution. A closed-die forging was made from an experimental steel containing 0.42 % C, 2.45 % Mn, 2.09 % Si, 1.34 % Cr and 0.56 % Ni and Q-P processed. Based on previous...
Design of Dual-Head 3D Printer
Vlastimil Chalupa, Michal Stanek, Jiří Vanek, Jan Strnad, Martin Ovsik
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):177-185 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.032
Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) printers are usually designed to create a product with one single ma-terial. Some of them allow fabricate items in multiple colours but creating a single product consisting of two different materials remains an advantage of industrial 3D printers only. The aim of this research was to develop a design of a device with two printheads which enables to print products with two different materials, compatible with a cheap and commonly available FFF device Prusa i3MK2S, and the subse-quent production of a prototype. A key aspect of the design was the hardware compatibility of the device with the given printer while maintaining...
Comparison of Mechanical and Tribological Properties of TiN and ZrN Coatings Deposited by Arc-PVD
Michal Krafka, Ladislav Lemberk, Nikolay Petkov, Lucie Svobodová, Totka Bakalova
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):194-203 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.029
The continuous development of thin coatings for different applications and using various coating meth-ods require the characterization of these newly formed surfaces to evaluate their utility properties. Binary thin coatings of titanium (TiN) and zirconium (ZrN) nitrides were prepared using the Arc-PVD (Ca-thodic Arc Deposition) method. Differences were observed in the structure and morphology of the thin coatings and the change in tribological properties at room and elevated temperatures (150 °C and 300 °C). The research is focused on evaluating the frictional properties of the coating using the Ball-on-Disc method in the dry friction mode. The emphasis...
Analysis of the Substitutability of Conventional Technologies in the Design of a Clamping Vise for Measurement Using an Optical Measuring System
Miroslav Cedzo, Jozef Holubják, Tatiana Czánová, Pavol Timko, Peter Kozový, Mário Drbúl
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):136-142 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.028
The work deals with the possibility of using additive technology in the production of positioning and clamping device. The designed clamping device will facilitate and accelerate the measurement of samples with inclined or different irregular surfaces. The designed device is manufactured by additive technology using composites. Onyx material reinforced with Kevlar fibers was used as material for composite printing. The designed device should achieve the required properties for the firm and stable clamping of the components during the measurement process, and its weight should be significantly reduced with the use of composite material.
Geometric Accuracy of Components Manufactured by SLS Technology Regarding the Orientation of the Model during 3D Printing
Miroslav Matuš, Vladimír Bechný, Richard Joch, Mário Drbúl, Jozef Holubják, Andrej Czán, Martin Novák, Michal Šajgalík
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):233-240 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.027
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) or sintering of polymer powders is one of the most well-known additive technologies for printing 3D components. The properties of individual polymer powder materials have a significant impact on the quality of the manufactured part. Potential deformation and shrinkage can occur during printing if a significant number of parts are piled on top of one another or are oriented incorrectly, accumulating thermal energy in certain areas. The aforementioned research focuses on an experimental study to investigate the impact of the distribution and orientation of printing samples in the build chamber on the accuracy of dimensions...
Fire Resistance Test of Geopolymer Coatings on Non-Metallic Underlying Substrates
Filip Mamoń, Martin Jaskevič, Jakub Mareš, Jan Novotný
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):225-232 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.026
This article summarizes the results from the fire resistance test of geopolymer suspensions in the form of coatings on non-metallic substrates. Their heat resistance was evaluated based on the burn-through time compared to the uncoated substrate. Non-metallic substrate materials, extruded polystyrene (XPS) and chipboard (DTD) were chosen as the underlying substrates for GP suspension research. Parameters from the fire resistance test as fire test duration of geopolymer coatings and percentage increase in burn time of geopolymer coatings on an XPS and DTD substrates compared to an uncoated substrate were evaluated. One of the discussed point was also...
Material Properties of High-strength High Chromium TWIP Steel with Increased Corrosion Resistance
Pavel Podaný, Tomáš Studecký, Aleksandra Kocijan
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):241-246 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.025
Twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels are a class of high-strength steels that have been devel-oped for their outstanding ductility and strength properties. TWIP refers to the fact that these steels display an unusually high degree of deformation before fracture due to the formation of twins during deformation. TWIP steels could be used in a variety of industries for structural applications or com-ponents that need to withstand high levels of stress and deformation. This article deals with the de-velopment of high strength with fully austenitic microstructure and high chromium content. Micro-structure, mechanichal and corrosion properties of this...
Investigation and Measurement of Nanomechanical Properties of the HSS Powder Metallurgy ASP2017 and ASP2055 Steels
Jana Escherová, Juraj Majerský, Jozef Majerík, Igor Barényi, Henrieta Chochlíková
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):143-152 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.022
The intention of the team of authors in the presented scientific article was experimental measurement with subsequent evaluation of nanomechanical properties of selected microstructural components of the investigated high-speed steels type ASP2017 and ASP2055 produced by powder metallurgy. The whole experiment was performed under laboratory conditions on an experimental apparatus called Hysitron TI 950 Triboindeneter. The used device is a part of the laboratory equipment of the Center for Diagnostics and Quality Testing of Materials. The proposed process of experimental research of the mentioned properties of PM steels was carried out precisely because...
Effect of Laser Traverse Speed during Laser Hardening on Hardness Distribution and Microstructure of Hot Work Tool Steel H11
David Hradil, Zbyšek Nový, Josef Hodek, Martina Koukolíková, Adam Szyszko
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):153-160 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.021
The paper describes the effect of laser traverse speed during laser hardening on hardness and micro-structure. The experimental material is hot work tool steel AISI H11 with samples sized 100×100×35 mm. The initial state of the material before laser hardening is quenched and tempered. The laser hardening temperature is constant at 1100 °C, selected laser traverse speed was 1, 2, 4, and 6 mm/s. A numerical simulation performed in DEFORM-3D software before the experiment showed tendencies of temperature displacement and expected course of hardness. Increasing traverse speed leads to de-creased laser-hardened depth and decreased hardness drop in the heat-affected...
Analysis of Cutting Forces during Machining with Additive-Produced Milling Head
Silvia Slabejová, Michal Šajgalík, Pavol Timko, Peter Kozový, Martin Novák, Miroslav Cedzo
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):254-259 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.020
Today's milling cutting tools are produced in various types and shapes for a wide variety of machining processes. Development continues and offers new technological solutions. The design of replaceable milling heads offers a significant cost reduction, as only the worn-out part is replaced instead of the en-tire tool. The tough connection between the tool and the shank achieves stable performance in roughing and finishing milling. Because of the possibility of using different milling inserts, the number of neces-sary tools will also be reduced and the flexibility of using milling tools will increase. The article exam-ines the cutting forces when machining...
Smartphone-based Data Acquisition Method for Modelling 3D Printed Arm Casts
Tuong Nguyen Van, Truong Le Thanh, Trong Nguyen Van, Natasa Naprstkova
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):260-267 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.019
In recent years, 3D printed arm casts can replace traditional arm casts to treat bones fractures. 3D printed arm cast modelling often uses professional 3D scanning systems to capture 3D data of the arm. These systems are very expensive and may not be available in many hospitals. In order to over-come this disadvantage, inexpensive methods should be developed. This paper introduces a new data collection method based on smartphones. The photos of an arm were taken with a smartphone cam-era using some special techniques that could facilitate the process of image processing and 3D mod-elling in Agisoft Metashape and CATIA. To validate the proposed method,...
Influence of Structural State prior Quenching in Spring Steel
Jakub Kotous, Pavel Salvetr, Daniela Nacházelová
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):186-193 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.018
Various structure states before quenching significantly influence final mechanical properties as well as the dispersion of chemical composition at the same steel grade. Therefore heat treatment with mechanical properties is specified in the technical delivery conditions. Even if the heat treatment is determined, different mechanical properties can be achieved. These differences are increasing in im-portance in high-strength applications like springs, cutting tools, safety, and load-bearing parts of automotive design et al. Because it has a direct impact on their lifetime. The structure consists of ferrite and cementite after spheroidization annealing...
Use of Electron Microscopy in the Analysis of the Influence of Roughness on the Corrosion Behavior of Selected Ti Alloys
Iryna Hren, Sylvia Kuśmierczak, Roman Horký
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):161-176 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.017
Titanium alloys are among the biocompatible materials that are used for biomedical implants. From the point of view of the reactivity of the human body, it is important to know the state of the surface of these materials, which in technical practice is represented by the term surface integrity, which includes a complex of evaluated properties. One of the classic approaches is the evaluation of the surface roughness and the properties of the stable oxide layer, which influence the formation of the connection of the implant with human tissues and influence its acceptance. Another frequent approach is the use of optical metallography, especially for the...
Influence of the Mn Content on the Corrosion Behaviour of HEA CoCrFeN-iMnX (X=5, 20, 35 at.%) Prepared via MA+SPS
Filip Průša, Petr Kratochvíl, Hana Thürlová, Darya Rudomilova, Šárka Msallamová
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):247-253 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.016
The high entropy alloys with intended chemical compositions of CoCrFeNiMnX (X=5, 20 and 35 at.%) were prepared by the means of mechanical alloying. Prepared powders were then compacted using the progressive spark plasma sintering, which minimizes the deleterious microstructural coarsening. The compacts were, regardless of the actual chemical composition, composed of a solid solution with FCC crystallographic lattice and a small amount of carbides identified as Cr7C3. The dimensions of those carbides increased with the content of Mn, which was confirmed also by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM). The surface topography...
Influence of Cutting Tool and Drilling Process on the Machinability of Inconel 718
L.J. Ma, H. Yu, X.H. Mao, C.R. Li, C.Y. Feng, F.N. Li
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):204-215 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.013
Nickel-based superalloy is a kind of metal material that is widely used to manufacture high-temperature parts in the fields of aviation and aerospace, but it is also a typical difficult-to-machining material. The precision cutting of nickel-based superalloy has always been an important manufacturing problem. Based on the tests of conventional drilling with three kinds of twist drills, the machinability of Inconel 718 was evaluated comprehensively by drilling force, tool wear and machining quality, and the cutting tools suitable for drilling nickel-based superalloy were chosen. Then the experiments of peck-drilling for Inconel 718 were carried out,...
Challenges in Tensile Testing of Thermoplastic Composites Reinforced with Chopped Carbon Fibre Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication Method
Jaroslav Majko, Milan Vaško, Marián Handrik, Milan Sága
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(2):216-224 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.010
Additive manufacturing is a relatively new technology that has recently undergone noticeable develop-ment, which includes several types of technologies based on the gradual deposition of material in layers. The most widespread method is Fused Filament Fabrication, which belongs to an extrusion technique. The typical feature of extrusion methods is material deposition in the filaments form. Therefore, printer users cannot apply the same approach to products as with conventional technologies. The authors of the paper have been working with the mentioned technology for several years. The primary goal of the research is the investigation how printing parameters...
Topology Optimization of Gripping Jaws of Industrial Robot
Miroslav Cedzo, Richard Joch, Pavol Timko, Jozef Holubják, Tatiana Czánová, Michal Šajgalík
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(1):25-31 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.009
There is a lot of applications for manipulating industrial robots nowadays. Maximizing the tasks that can be assigned to robot manipulators is one of the criteria for deciding if their application is appropri-ate. The article discusses the topology optimization of the gripping jaws of an industrial robot to reduce the jaws' weight. The previously used gripping element made of C50E steel was optimized to reduce the weight of the jaws. Shape optimization was performed based on analysis from CAD programs Inventor Professional 2022, Autodesk Fusion 360, and Ansys Discovery. The new jaws were manufactured by the additive technology of selective laser sintering...
Surface Analysis and Digitization of Components Manufactured by SLM and ADAM Additive Technologies
Pavol Timko, Jozef Holubjak, Vladimír Bechný, Martin Novák, Andrej Czán, Tatiana Czánová
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(1):127-134 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.008
The presented article focuses on the surface analysis of the components manufactured by different additive technologies and their reverse digitization. Sintered components were manufactured by SLM and ADAM technologies, while their surface was analyzed using a progressive optical measurement method. To examine the possibility of reverse engineering, the components were optically scanned with a laser scanner and compared to their CAD model. Based on empirical experience, to scan opti-cally the metal and lustrous surfaces is a challenge. The components were manufactured from anti-corrosion materials 17-4 PH and 316L–0407.
Adhesion of Various Geopolymers Coatings on Metal Substrates
Jakub Mares, Filip Mamon, Martin Jaskevic, Jan Novotny
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(1):81-87 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.024
This article deals with adhesion of various alkali-activated metakaolin-based geopolymer coatings on structural steel 1.0038 (according to EN 10025-2). This steel alloy was chosen in order to analysis ad-hesion of prepared geopolymer coatings. Our samples were characterized by laser and SEM micros-copy and grid test was performed. Microscopy was performed to get knowledge about visible charac-terization and overall quality of prepared coatings. Based on previous research SEM results corre-spond with properties changes in coatings and their classification of grid test. Grid test was per-formed and results was evaluated. These results show potential...
Measuring the Quality of Driving Characteristics of a Passenger Car with Passive Shock Absorbers
Martin Svoboda, Milan Chalupa, Vít Černohlávek, Adam Švásta, Artur Meller, Václav Schmid
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(1):118-126 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.023
The article deals with the quality of the driving characteristics of a passenger car with passive shock absorbers depending on the tire pressure. The work was solved using experimental methods using the AHS test bench. The main goal of the work was to assess the vehicle suspension system using acceleration sensors and pressures between the wheel and the road using shock absorber test benches using the EUSAMA and CAP methodology. The results of the work demonstrated the possibilities of using the measurement of acceleration values in selected places in the vehicle. The obtained results were also verified for the possibilities of further development...
Surface Roughness, Topography, Accuracy, Chip Formation Analysis & Investigation of M390 and M398 Steels after Hard Machining
Jozef Majerík, Juraj Majerský, Igor Barényi, Henrieta Chochlíková, Jana Escherová, Mária Kubasáková
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(1):60-72 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.015
Article deals with processing of intermetallic materials produced by powder metallurgy M390 and M398 Microclean® produced by Böhler. Main interest is the analysis & measurement of their surface rough-ness and topography after the processing by DNMG and WNMG geometry of cutting inserts with 0.4 and 0.8 mm radius after hard turning at the same process parameters for both materials and all types of cutting inserts. The comparative studies were carried out for the microgeometrical and chip formation research on the machined surfaces and the technological processes were assessed, including chip dia-grams. Spectral analysis was used to verify the...
Computer Simulation of Heating Cycle of Aluminum Alloys Using Friction Stir Welding Technology
Petra Kvasnová, Daniel Novák, Viktor Novák, Milan Ďuriš
Manufacturing Technology 2023, 23(1):47-52 | DOI: 10.21062/mft.2023.014
The paper deals with welding of aluminum alloys using Friction Stir Welding technology. This repre-sents one of the solid-state welding technologies in which the base materials are not melted. This pro-vides new possibilities for the use of special and hybrid manufacturing technologies. The article presents the current progress in the Friction Stir Welding technology, a microstructure analysis of a weld joint created by the FSW method and a heat-deformation computer simulation of an aluminium alloy speci-men in the program Ansys.